39 
nearly fully grov/n, and the stamens are ten with rose-colored anthers. 
The dull red fruit, which is covered with a glaucous bloom, is about 
half an inch in diameter and remains on the branches during the win- 
ter. Crataegus Crus-galli was cultivated in England as early as 1691; 
it has always been a favorite garden plant in Europe and the United 
States, and for many years could be found in American commercial 
nurseries. Many years ago the Cockspur Thorn was much used in the 
northern and middle states to form hedges, a purpose for which it is 
suited. Crataegus Crus-galli, as it is understood in the Arboretum, is 
distributed from the valley of the St. Lawrence River, where it grows 
on the slopes of low hills in' the neighborhood of Montreal, southward 
to Delaware and on the Appalachian foothills to North Carolina, and 
westward through western New York to Pennsylvania and southern 
Michigan. One of several forms of the Cockspur Thorn (var. pyra- 
canthifolia) with narrow pointed leaves, smaller flowers and small bright 
red fruit, is not rare in eastern Pennsylvania and in Delav/are, and is 
occasionally found in gardens. A number of the species of the Cock- 
spur Thorn are now established in the Arboretum, and several of them 
have flowered this year. One of the most interesting of these which 
was covered with flowers last week was one of the few thin-leaved 
species, C. erecta, which is from the region on both sides of the Miss- 
issippi River in the neighborhood of St. Louis. This tree has pointed 
leaves with prominent veins, flowers with ten stamens and yellow an- 
thers, and subglobose dark dull crimson fruit. Crataegus peoriensis, 
a species from central Illinois, has also been covered with flowers. 
This tree chiefly differs from C. Crus-galli in its short-pointed leaves 
with veins prominent on their lower surface, and in its bright scarlet 
fruit and more slender spines. 
Crataegus modesta is a good representative of the large and inter- 
esting Intricatae Group, distinguished by leaves usually cuneate at base, 
large flowers in few-flowered clusters, with ten or twenty stamens, 
and yellow, rose-colored or red anthers, with conspicuously glandular 
bracts and bractlets and subglobose, short-oblong or pear-shaped, red, 
orange, greenish yellow or bright yellow fruit. Four southern trees 
are now placed in this Group but the others are small shrubs. This is 
one of the largest groups; no less than thirty-two species have been 
recognized in Pennsylvania and seven in New York. The Group is 
represented in western New England and in Michigan by several spe- 
cies, but only a few species have been found in the Missouri-Arkansas 
region. Birmingham, Alabama, is the most southern station where a 
species of this Group has been found. In spite of their abundance and 
well marked characters these plants were entirely overlooked by the 
older American botanists who did not preserve specimens of any of the 
species in their herbaria; and it was not until 1894 that a Dane described 
the flrst species, Crataegus intricata, from a plant cultivated in Copen- 
hagen. The small size of these plants, their large and handsome flow- 
ers and conspicuous fruits make these little Thorns valuable garden 
plants. There is now a large collection of them growing at the east- 
ern base of Peter’s Hill. C. modesta, one of the characteristic species 
lately in flower rarely grows six or seven feet tall, and is a narrow shrub 
with slender, much-branched stems, and oblong-ovate, usually lobed 
