63 
were planted between 1631 and 1651 and extend for a distance of twen- 
ty-four miles along the road. A few of the trees have been killed by 
fire but by the latest reports 18,308 trees are still standing and in 
good health. The story of their planting is interesting. When the 
Temple at Nikko, which is the burial place of leyasu, the founder of 
the Tokugawa Dynasty, was built, his successor in the Shogunate 
called upon the Daimyos of the Empire to send each a stone or a bronze 
lantern to decorate the ground about the mortuary Temple. All com- 
plied with the order but one man, Matsudaira Masatsuma, who, too 
poor to send a lantern, offered instead to plant trees by the roadside 
that visitors to the Temple might be shaded from the heat of the sun. 
He did his work so well that these trees promise to live for centuries 
longer, and this memorial to leyasu is one of the important sights of 
Japan. The second of the great tree memorials is in California where 
a block of Redwood-forest on Eel River has recently been dedicated to 
the memory of Colonel Royal Cawthorn Bolling of the American 
Aviator Service who was killed in France on March 26, 1918. If trees 
are selected as a memorial there can be nothing more splendid and more 
enduring than a part of the Redwood-forest, the most beautiful of all 
the forests of the world. The Redwood is the tallest of all trees and 
one of the largest in girth of stem. It grows in a region of humid at- 
mosphere where forest fires rarely occur, and if the trees are cut, or 
killed by lightning they reproduce themselves by shoots which grow from 
the stump. The man who has secured this Redwood memorial for his 
friend has done patriotic service, too, for his country. For the Redwood- 
forest, which occupies only a narrow strip of territory along the coast of 
northern California contains the greatest stand of valuable timber per 
acre in the world, and in the hands of lumber-men must soon disap- 
pear if the movement now on foot to preserve at least parts of it 
is not successful. If memorials are to be erected for soldiers and 
other men in the form of trees the Redwood-forest olfers the best 
opportunity in beauty and permanency which can be found anywhere 
in the world. 
Fruits. The fruit of many shrubs and of several trees has been un- 
usually abundant this year. That of many Crabapples, Cotoneasters 
and Hawthorns has been exceptionally fine. In the early autumn that 
of Cornus obliqua and Evonymus planiples were especially noticeable. 
This Cornus which has generally been confused with C. Amomum, the 
Silky Cornel, was first distinguished many years ago by Rafinesque and 
later was named in Germany Cornus Purpusii. C. obliqua and C. 
Amomum both grow in Massachusetts, but the latter is an Appalachian 
species while C. obliqua is most abundant in the Mississippi valley. 
C. obliqua is a more upright shrub, very distinct in its narrower leaves 
silvery white on their lower surface and rather larger sometimes paler 
blue fruit which ripens at least a month earlier than that of C. Amo- 
mum. In the Arboretum this year C. obliqua has been the hand- 
somest of the Cornels in late summer and early autumn. Eoony- 
mus planipes is a native of northern Japan where it grows into a large 
shrub. It has not been many years in the Arboretum and its fruit be- 
comes more abundant every year. It has the large broad leaves of the 
European E. latifolia, the inconspicuous flowers of the genus, and 
