66 
New England, middle and middle western states must make his selec- 
tion from native species, and from the species of northern Japan, 
Korea, northern China, Siberia, the Caucasus and eastern and northern 
Europe, That is, the largest and some of the handsomest and most 
interesting trees in the world cannot be successfully grov/n in the United 
States except in the south, and in western Washington, Oregon and 
California where the climate is better suited to the successful culti- 
vation of conifers perhaps than that of any other part of the world, 
with the exception possibly of New Zealand where conifers from all 
parts of the world have grown with astonishing rapidity and vigor, and 
in the case of some species to a larger size than individuals of the 
species attain in their native lands. 
In spite of the unusual and prolonged cold of the winter which fol- 
lowed a dry summer, the cold spring and the drought which lasted 
from April to September the Arboretum conifers are not in bad condi- 
tion, and it is now possible to discuss with more confidence the value 
of many exotic species than it has been before. Only one species has 
been entirely lost from the effects of the severe winter. This is the 
blue-leaved form of Cedrus atlantica, a native of the mountains of 
Algeria, There was only one specimen in the Arboretum where it has 
been growing for many years in a sheltered position in the middle of 
a Pine grove. This beautiful tree sometimes grows fairly well south 
of Cape Cod, but there is little hope 'that it will live for more than a 
few years at a time in Massachusetts, 
Some of the species of the northeastern states have suffered more 
than any of the exotic species, and several plants of the Red Spruce 
{Picea rubra) were killed or so badly injured that it was necessary to 
destroy them. If any coniferous tree should be hardy here it is the 
Red Spruce which grows on some of the high mountains of New Eng- 
land and close to the seashore of Maine and New Hampshire where it 
is fully exposed to the gales from the Atlantic, The Red Spruce, 
although there are now a number of healthy individuals in the Arbor- 
etum, does not take very kindly to cultivation and always grows slowly. 
Another eastern American tree, the short-leaved Pine {Pinus echinata) 
was injured by the winter. This tree finds its northern home on 
Staten Island, New York, and there have been a number of trees 
raised from seeds collected at this northern station growing in the Ar- 
boretum for twenty years. These all lost their leaves and several were 
killed; the others produced new leaves in June and now look nearly as 
well as ever. One specimen of this Pine raised here in 1879 from 
Missouri seeds also lost all its leaves but is now in comparatively as 
good health as it was a year ago. Several plants of the White Cedar 
of the eastern states {Chamaecyparis thyoides) lost their tops and were 
a good deal injured by the winter although none were killed. This 
plant has not taken kindly to the conditions the Arboretum affords it, 
but it is surprising that it is not more hardy here, as within twenty 
miles of Boston there are hundreds of acres of low ground covered 
with forests of this tree. 
Cedar of Lebanon. The Cedars of Lebanon raised here from seeds 
gathered on the Anti-Taurus, which have been growing in the Arbor- 
etum for sixteen years and which have not before been injured by heat 
