67 
or cold, in early spring lost all their leaves which had been killed by 
the excessive cold of the winter; they soon put out a new growth, how- 
ever, and although the branches are now less densely covered with 
foliage than in other years the trees are in good health. Among the 
Spruces and Firs the Grecian and Roumanian form of Abies cephalonica 
(var. Apollinis) suffered the most, and although the plants are still alive 
they can never grow into good trees. Some small plants of Abies 
cephalonica were killed, but the large plants of this Fir in the collection 
are in good condition, although this tree was badly injured in other 
collections in Massachusetts and New York. Abies cilicica, which has 
been for many years considered one of the hardiest and handsomest 
of the Firs which can be grov^n in the northeastern states, has suffered 
seriously in other collections, but in the Arboretum it was little injured 
by the winter and is now in good condition. Abies amabilis from the 
Cascade mountains of Oregon, although always a slow-growing, shabby 
looking tree in cultivation, lost a good many leaves in the spring but 
is now in its usual health. Abies grandis from the northwest coast, 
planted in sheltered and exceptionally favorable positions, is uninjured, 
but for general use in Nev/ England this handsome tree should not be 
depended on. The Sugar Pine of the California Sierras {Finns Lam- 
bertiana) and the Chinese White Pine (P. Armandi) lost a good many 
leaves but now look as well as usual. The Japanese Black Pine (P, 
Thunbergii) suffered more in the loss of its leaves, but the buds were 
uninjured and the trees, although somewhat disfigured, are recovering. 
Among the long established trees here which are not native in New 
England and which show no evidence of having just passed through the 
most serious experience of their lives, and may therefore be considered 
suitable for cultivation in the northern states, are all the forms of the 
Norway Spruce {Picea Abies), the Balkan Spruce (P. omorica), the Cau- 
casian Spruce (P. orientalis), the Siberian Picea obovata, Picea Schrenk- 
iana from Chinese Turkestan, all the Japanese species, and the spe- 
cies of the Rocky Mountains P. pungens, P. Engelmannii and the west- 
ern form of P. canadensis. The Firs not already mentioned which 
have not been injured are the Rocky Mountain form of Abies concolor, 
which is the most satisfactory of all Firs in the northeastern states, 
the Caucasian Abies Nordmaniana, the Japanese A. homolepis, (or 
brachyphylla) and A. Veitchii. Like the eastern American Balsam 
Fir {A. balsamea), the Rocky Mountain A. lasiocarpa and the Fir of 
central Siberia {A. sibirica) are perfectly hardy here, but are short- 
lived shabby trees in cultivation, and are not worth planting in east- 
ern North America. The Korean A. holophylla was first raised at the 
Arboretum twelve years ago and it is still one of the rarest of all coni- 
fers in cultivation. Fortunately Wilson sent from Korea a year ago 
a supply of seeds of this tree; these germinated well and there are 
now many seedlings in this country and Europe. The twelve-year-old 
plant has grown well in the Arboretum; it has not suffered from cold 
or heat and promises to be a good tree here. The Douglas Spruce 
(Pseudotsuga mucronata) raised from seeds gathered in Colorado, has 
been growing in eastern Massachusetts for nearly fifty years and prom- 
ises to live long here and grow to a large size. Numerous specimens 
of the Carolina Hemlock {Tsuga caroliniana) have been uninjured by 
the cold and drought of the year. This is one of the handsomest of 
