As an under shrub in shady places, for it does not bear exposure to 
the sun, is another plant of the Alleghanies, Leucothoe Catesbyi, which 
is perfectly hardy. It has slender arching stems, which grow to the 
height of several feet and are clothed with large, lustrous, pointed 
leaves, and the white flowers in axillary clusters are abundant and 
attractive. To this Family, too, belong the Wintergreen, or Checker- 
berry, Gaultheria procumbens, and the Trailing Arbutus or Mayflower, 
Epigaea repens , but these are difficult to cultivate and probably will 
never take much place in the general garden decoration. More generally 
useful is another plant of the same Family, the Bearberry, Arctostaphy- 
los Uva-ursi, which with its long prostrate stems forms a great mat on 
sandy and gravelly banks in the northern states and in northern Europe. 
Although rarely cultivated in this country, this is an excellent plant for 
covering poor soil and just now its bright red fruits make a handsome 
contrast with the small light green shining leaves. 
Interesting, too, among broad-leaved evergreens is Gaylussacia bra- 
chycera, the Box-leaved Huckleberry. This is one of the rarest shrubs 
of the eastern United States, being found in three stations only, for it is 
known to grow naturally only in southern Pennsylvania, southern Dela- 
ware, and in West Virginia. It is found in dry soil in the shade of the 
forest, spreading over considerable areas by its underground stems. 
This plant grows only a few inches high, but it is very hardy, adapting 
itself readily to cultivation, and in the Arboretum grows as well in full 
exposure to the sun as it does in the shade. 
The Ledums, or as they are popularly called Labrador Tea, are small 
evergreen plants of the northern hemisphere related to the Rhododen- 
drons. Two or three of the species are hardy but difficult to cultivate 
and require especial care in selected positions; and this is true of two 
other small evergreen shrubs of the Heath Family native to eastern 
America, Leiophyllum buxifolium of the pine barrens from New Jersey 
southward, and Loiseleuria procumbens of the alpine summits of the 
White Mountains and northward. 
The Old World Holly- tree, Ilex aquifolium, which in many forms is 
often one of the chief ornaments of European gardens, is not hardy here 
and its American relative, Rex opaca , a native of the Massachusetts 
coast and southward, with dull leaves, is a much less beautiful plant. It 
is, however, the only broad-leaved evergreen which becomes a tree in 
New England. The Inkberry, Ilex glabra , a common shrub in the coast 
region from Nova Scotia to Texas, where it is found usually in poor soil, 
is one of the best of the broad-leaved evergreens hardy here, although its 
small black fruits are nearly covered by the shining foliage. It is more 
valuable here than the Japanese black-fruited Holly, Rex crenata, al- 
though some forms of this plant are fairly hardy here. 
The Ivy, unless carefully protected, cannot be successfully grown east 
of Cape Cod although at Providence, only forty miles from Boston, where 
the influence of the Gulf Stream is more strongly felt than it is here, the 
Ivy is perfectly hardy; and we have as an evergreen vine only the forms 
of the climbing Japanese Evonymus, Evonymus radicans. These 
plants are perfectly hardy when once established; they grow rapidly and 
although not so beautiful a covering for walls as the Ivy, they are our 
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