BULLETIN NO. 16. 
The poverty of the gardens of the northeastern United States in broad- 
leaved evergreens, due to our climatic conditions, was shown in a pre- 
vious bulletin, and we shall now mention a few plants which retain their 
foliage unchanged in color until late in the season. By the use of such 
plants it is possible to make a garden which will appear during October 
and November almost like a garden of broad-leaved evergreens. Most of 
these plants have come from Europe, although a few Chinese and North 
American shrubs retain green foliage through November. 
One of the best known plants of this class is the European Buckthorn, 
Rhamnus catharticus. This is a large shrub, or in favorable positions a 
small, round-headed tree. The leaves are now bright green and the 
branches are covered with small black berries. This is a very hardy, 
fast-growing shrub, and when gardeners had less material to choose from 
than they have now it was often planted in this country. Now it is 
rarely seen except in plantations made many years ago. This is true of 
another European shrub, Ligustrum vulgare, the common Privet. This 
was once much planted in the eastern United States, especially in form- 
ing hedges, and it has always been used in Europe for this purpose. In 
recent years, however, it has been neglected here in favor of some of the 
Privets introduced from eastern Asia, although none of these are as use- 
ful garden plants. The European Privet is a tall, round- topped shrub ; 
the leaves are still as green as at midsummer and make the best possible 
background for the large clusters of shining black fruits. There is a 
form of this plant with yellow-green fruit but this is less desirable than 
the black-fruited form. The European Privet is one of the hardiest of 
plants ; it grows quickly into a large, round- topped shrub; it is not par- 
ticular about soil; it bears the shears well, and so can be used in hedges 
or cut into fantastic shapes. Europe has made comparatively few valu- 
able contributions from its native flora to the gardens of this country and 
this Privet is one of the best of them. 
The handsomest semi-evergreen shrub, perhaps, now in good condition 
in the Arboretum is an Evonymus which is to be seen in the Evonymus 
Group on the right-hand side of the Meadow Road. It is a broad shrub, 
ten or twelve feet high, with bright green leaves which will not fall for 
several weeks. The fruit is small, sparingly produced, and hardly notice- 
able. This remarkable plant is called Evonymus Hamiltonianus, var. 
semipersistens, and nothing is known of its origin although it is not im- 
probable that it is a native of seme part of China, and it is possibly a 
distinct species rather than a variety of another plant. 
Some of the Honeysuckles might find a place in an autumn garden for 
the leaves of several species are still perfectly green. The best known 
of these are two Chinese species which have been cultivated in this coun- 
try for at least half a century, Lonicera fragrantissima and Lonicera 
Standishii. These are large hardy shrubs and produce their fragrant 
flowers in early spring before the leaves appear. The leaves of a few 
other species are still untouched by autumn. The most conspicuous of 
these are Lonicera xylosteum from Europe and northern Asia, Lonicera 
