47 
Elms. There are two forms of the Wych or Scotch Elm, Ulmus 
glabra, or, as it is often called, U. montana. The best known of these, 
the Camperdown Elm (var. camperdownensis) as it appears in gardens 
is a round-topped tree with stout pendulous branches which droop to 
the ground from all sides of the stem and form a broad-shaded arbor. 
Ulmus glabra, var. pendiila, often called var. horizontalis, is a more 
graceful tree. The branches are usually best developed on one side 
of the stem and are wide-spreading, the principal ones slightly ascend- 
ing and furnished with numerous pendulous branchlets. This tree is 
much cultivated in Europe, especially in Germany. A form of U. 
americana with rather pendulous branches has been propagated in 
some American nurseries as U. fulva pendula. Trees of the American 
Elm with more or less drooping branches are not uncommon but none 
of them are likely to appeal to the lovers of trees of abnormal growth. 
Birches. One of the European Birches, Betula pendula, is a tree 
with slender usually pendulous branches and some of its forms are 
among the best known and most generally planted weeping trees. The 
var. dalecarlica, sometimes called Betula alba, var. pendula laciniata 
or the Cut-leaved Weeping Birch, is a tree with pendulous branchlets 
and deeply divided leaves. For many years this tree was planted 
in immiense numbers in ail the northern states, but insects v/orking 
under the bark of the trunk and branches have killed most of the 
trees and large specimens are now rarely seen in this country. The 
var. Youngii has more pendulous branches and when these are grafted 
on to a tall stem they form a picturesque head in general outline 
something like that of the common form of the Weeping Beech. An- 
other Weeping Birch in habit very similar to the last but with deeply 
divided leaves, is var. gracilis, sometimes called in nurseries B. alba 
laciniata gracilis pendula or B. elegans laciniata. 
The Weeping Ash. There are several forms of the European Ash, 
Fraxinus excelsior, v/ith pendulous branches. The commonest of these 
trees (var. pendula) forms when grafted on a tall standard a broad 
umbrella-like head. Under favorable conditions this variety sometimes 
grows in Europe to a great size, but Fraxinus excelsior and all its 
varieties do not succeed in eastern North America and are rarely seen 
here in good condition. In the Arboretum pinetum there is a fairly 
healthy specimen of this Weeping Ash, the last survivor of an old 
garden which once occupied the ground. The form of Fraxinus ro- 
tundifolia with pendulous branches (var. pendula) is established in the 
Arboretum and is a small tree with gracefully drooping branches which 
form a narrow head. F. rotundifolia is a native of southern Europe 
and southwestern Asia and is sometimes called F. parvifolia or F. 
lentiscifolia. 
Prunus. There are at least three Cherries which have produced 
abnormal forms with pendulous branches. The handsomest of these 
is the Weeping Cherry of Japan, a tall tree with spreading main 
branches and long slender branchlets which hang nearly perpendicularly 
from them, and in early spring are covered with drooping pink flowers. 
The correct name for this tree is Prunus subhirtella, var. pendula. 
Not known as a wild tree, it has been cultivated in Japan for centu- 
ries. This beautiful Cherry-tree was brought to the United States 
many years ago and is now often seen in northern gardens. Few early 
