47 
swampy ground parallel to the coast, and occupied in ])laces by 
small lakes (e.g. Grassmere or Lake Powell, adjacent to the Grass- 
mere railway station). Into this area, which might for conven- 
ience be referred to as the “Grassmere Valley,’' the Seven Mile 
Creek and Marbellup Brook drain. To the north of Grassmere 
Valley the country ascends to a low extensive and somewhat dis- 
sected plain, which is formed of marine sediments. 
We may summarise the chief physical features of the country 
as follows : — 
(!) Swampy land, a few feet only above sea level. 
( 2) Slightly elevated plains of marine sediments, these plains 
in the vicinity of Albany being dissected by shallow wide open 
valleys. 
(3) Belts of granite, dissected by streams, with isolated hills 
and groups of hills of the same rock attaining to various heights 
up to 700 feet above sea level. Within a short distance outside 
the area dealt with in this paper, the -granite hills attain a height 
of close upon 2,000 feet or more. 
(4) Along the coasts of Princess Royal Harl)our and King 
George’s Sound, bold rocky cliffs, which alternate with smooth 
sandy beaches, behind which lie shallow lakes and swamps with 
intermediate sand ridges^ 
(5) The granite and limestone ridge between the harbours 
mentioned and the open ocean. 
GEOLOGY. 
The general geology has been described by Mr. A. Gibb 
Maitland,! Government Geologist of Western Australia (see Bul- 
letin 20 of the Geological Survey), and his map is here reproduced 
with some slight variations and additions to the geology and some 
other details which illustrate the physiographic changes discussed 
in this ])aper. 
SbC-TWN OF COUA/TR'i AT AlBANY. 
^ Basic Dynes --A'lAn/NB Sepi/^bnts 
/ pLAnTAGener Beds ) 
Fi^r. 40. 
tSome earlier references are given by Mr. Maitland, but as they do 
not affect the main quesdons here discussed, we do not quote them. 
