FUNDAMENTAL IGNEOUS COMPLEX. 
The fundamental rock is granite which has a wide distribution 
throughout the Aliiaii) district, its chief outcrops forming all the 
higher ridges and hills, except portions of the Darwin Ridge. It 
forms the rock of all the islands, and of most of the prominent 
sea cliffs, as well as constituting the main portion of the Poron- 
gorup Range. miles to the north, between Albany and the 
sedimentary Stirling Kange. In the vicinity of Albany the granite 
varies much in texture from fnie to coarse-grained, and is fre- 
quently ])orphyritic. It is traversed by veins of apUte and pegma- 
tite. The granite is essentially composed of quartz, microcline, 
oligoclase. hornblende and biotite. Its surface contour is most 
irregular, reaching ld(J5 feet above sea level at Mount Gardiner, 
and extending in places beneath the marine sediments to some 
depth l)elow the ocean level. It has suffered enormous erosion 
prior to the deposition of the Plantagenet HedS described later, 
and further denudation since their formation. 
Intrusive into the granite are numerous basic dykes ( dolerite 
and basalt) which range in width from less than an inch to 
many yards. These dykes may be seen on many of the bare 
granite hills penetrating the granite with remarkable clearness, 
rivalling in this respect the diagrams of text books. At the brick 
pit about three miles to the north-west of Albany, a decomposed 
uasic dyke cuts through not only the granite, but also the over-lying 
marine sediments. Thh evidently belongs to a later series of basic 
dykes than many of those intrusive into the granite, and may 
possibly be related to the basalts of which those at Bunbury are 
the type. 
PLANTAGENET BEDS. 
In the hollows of the granite the marine series of sediments 
already referred to. rest. These beds, the deposition of which has 
largely levelled the country, the authors propose to name the 
"Plantagenet Beds,” in view of their wide distribution throughout 
the Plantagenet district. They extend at least from Torbay (to 
the west of Albany) as far eastward as the Phillips River, and 
northward to the southern side of the Stirling Range. The only 
localities where they have been studied in any detail are Albany, 
Warriu]) (about -b") miles north-east of Albany) and Cape Riche, 
though characteristic fossils have been collected at many other 
points. The rocks at /\lbany are well shown in the brick pit 
mentioned above. They cottsist of a silt at times cemented into 
a fine-grained sandstone, and they still retain jiractically their 
horizontal position, showing that although the land has since their 
formation been relatively elevated and depressed, scarcely any 
disturbance of the rocks has occurred. Siliceous sponges are 
esi)ecially abundant throughout these beds, many complete skeletons 
of lithistids being obtainable, w'hilst isolated spicules of the same 
