— r- 
00 
be definitely proved. On this hypothesis, the coast has probably 
sustained considerable marine abrasion, which largely accounts for 
its present even outline, such abrasion being assisted by the great 
strength of the waves on this outer exposed coast, and the absence 
of any protecting sand bars. 
jaULUIXU OF SAXl) liAKS AVU TIIF, OUOWTII OF THE LAND 
SIX(’E I’TTE I.ATEST SUHMFEOEXl'E. 
That sand bars have been extensively l)nilt in various places, is 
evident on a very casual examination, and likewise that, largely 
owing to such Inulding, the sea has been silted up into land, with 
the formation of temporary lagoons and lakes, and the tying of 
islands to the mainland and to one another. 
An excellent example of a long sand bar is the well-known 
-Aliddletou Ileach, at the north-western end of King (leorge’s Sound. 
This beach is about three miles long, and stretches north-easterly 
from Mr. .\delaide to Emu Point. The sea was originally about 
a mile farther west, stretching soulh-Avestwards from Bayonet 
Head to Strawberry Hill, and thence south-eastwards to Mt. 
Adelaide; l)Ut the intermediate area, owing to the exceptional facili- 
ties provided by the sand bar, has now almost all silted up, although 
still swampy and ])ossessing one main sheet of water, Lake 
Sep]}ings. The hnilding of the Middleton bar has reduced the 
month of Oyster Harbour to its ])resent narrow dimensions, and by 
such reduction, the silting up of the bay just mentioned has been 
much facilitated. It is the formation of this bar that has caused 
the Middleton Beach to be such an excellent bathing spot. 
Other sand bars — behind which are swamps and lagoons — have 
been recently built to the east of Albany. , 
An illustration of the building of the particular form of sand 
bar known as a “toinbolo,” which results in the tying of islands, is 
shown in the narrow peninsula running north from Frenchman 
Bay to the entrance of Princess Koval Harbour. This strip of 
land consists of two low sandy areas, connecting two higher belts 
of granite with the main mass of the latter to the south. On the 
King George’s Sound side, the sandy portions arc bounded l)y low 
cliffs of sand, whilst on the Princess Royal Harbour side the sand 
slopes gently to the sea. The difference is due partly to the 
rougher sea of the outer harbour compared with that of the inner, 
the former tending to build the sand into banks, and partly to the 
action of the wind in blowing the sand over into the smoother water 
of the inner harbour. The granite hills of the i->eninsula arc appar- 
ently old islands now tied to one another and to the southern main- 
land by the sand bars just mentioned. The result has been to 
reduce the number of entrances to the Princess Royal PTarbour 
from three to one. and to give greater play to that bay for silting 
up. The acceleration of the latter will be understood when it is 
