76 
the grade of these older watercourses, where they were worked, is 
considerably steeper than that of the stirface. and if it continues 
they must lie well over Idt* feet helow the present bed of the lake. 
Their course however, has not been traced down to the lake, and the 
bedrock api)ears to be close to surface wherever holes have been 
sunk in the edge of the latter. It does not follow, if the lake beds 
are filled up old valleys, that the present lakes must necessarily be 
over the deepest parts of these old valleys, and it is quite possible 
that the latter may lie under other portions of the flats surround- 
ing the lakes. 
Another quite similar deep lead has been traced from the east 
side of the Pjoulder Hill at Trafalgar, down into ground up to 118 
feet deep in the flat east of the hill. 
At Ilulong the “Oversight” lead is traced by shafts from 
shallow ground, 10 to 15 feet deep, down under the flats surround- 
ing Lake Yindarlgooda. the <lee])est shafts being there somewhere 
about 140 feet deep. Here the “lead” oi)ened out into a wide flat- 
lying layer of gravel, loo ])oor in gold to l)e worth following. The 
bottom of the “lead” is well below the present level of the lake, 
and the grade of the old watercourse is much steeper than the 
slo])e of the present surface towards the lake. As at Hannan's 
Lake, the l)edrock at the present lake is said to be visible ])rac- 
tically at surface, so the deep ground — if not cut off by faulting— 
must lie under some of the surrounding flats. 
At Kanowna the “deep leads” have been very famous for their 
large yield of gold. They form a whole series of buried water- 
courses. Wilson’s dully, the Cemetery Lead, the W hite Lead, the 
Fitzroy lead, and the O.ILl). lead all uniting to form the North lead. 
At its deepest known point the lead is well over 100 feet below 
the ])resent surface. On the eastern side of the hill on which is 
the Robinson mine, there is yet another well-marked lead, the 
“Hoonlight Lead.” of which another branch was discovered not 
long ago. This runs down to about 80 feet below the surface at 
the point where further sinking on it was abandoned. These leads 
lie under flats which join to the northwards and have several 
small salt lakes upon them. 
At Paddington a deej) lead begins in shallow ground near the 
Broad Arrow dam. and has been followed past Paddington to 
Smithfield. where the ground is about 100 feet deep. Mere the old 
watercourse seems to widen and flatten, giving abundance of 
gravel with very little gold, and work could not be continued. 
The flats under which this lead runs are an extension of the Black 
Pdag Lake basin. 
Near Pleasant, between Broad Arrow and Black hdag, a 
lead started shallow on the high ground and soon became too deep 
under the flats to be readily followed. Borings have proved it to 
be 125 feet deep, and there seems much likelihood that it is a 
