RELICS OF THE PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS ICE AGE. 
19 
fera Hardmani, Foot'd ; Spirifera lata, McCoy ; Reticularia 
lineata, Martin ; Athyris Macleayana, Eth fil ; Chonetes 
Pratii, Davidson ; Productus (c. f. P. tenuistiatus) , Foord. 
Northwards from the Wyndham River the debris of 
the boulder bed makes its appearance in great force, whilst 
the flaggy sandstones immediately underlying it are covered 
with large boulders of crystalline rocks. The actual base of 
the Permo-Carboniferous formation is seen in a low isolated 
hill about three miles to the west of Trigonometrical Survey 
Station K 32. At this locality a medium-grained quartz- 
conglomerate is seen to rest upon the upturned edges of 
the older crystalline schists, which form the platform 
upon which the newer strata were built up. Other sections 
in the vicinity show that this platform has a very uneven 
surface. 
The section in the watershed of the Wyndham shows 
conclusively that the glacial conglomerate does not lie 
quite at the base of the Permo-Carboniferous Series. A very 
careful search was made in this locality for glaciated surfaces 
amongst the older rocks and amid the heels directly under- 
lying the boulder bed, but without success. This, however, 
is not at all surprising, for the constant alternations of 
heat and cold to which the rocks of this portion of Western 
Australia are subjected naturally tends to the very rapid 
destruction of brittle rocks ; consequently, any glaciated 
pavement would tend to rapidly break up on exposure, and 
could only be expected in the more immediate vicinity of 
the glacial conglomerate, where the beds beneath have been 
exposed in comparatively recent geological times. 
The Glacial Conglomerate in the Minilya Valley. 
A fairly complete section of the Permo-Carboniferous 
Rocks is exposed in the valley of the Minilya River, w hich lies 
about 80 miles to the north of the Gascoyne. The upper 
reaches of the river, which only extends some 150 miles 
inland, drains country made up of the ancient crystalline 
schists and other associated rocks. In no section in the 
watershed of this river was the actual base of the Permo- 
Carboniferous Series seen. Near Trigonometrical Survey 
Station K34, the Permo-Carboniferous beds were seen to 
be faulted against the older crystalline rocks ; a similar 
junction was also noted in the two main branches which 
form the head of the river to the northward. This dis- 
ruption would seem to indicate a former much more extended 
distribution of the Permo-Carboniferous Series to the east- 
ward. Some distance to the westward of the junction of the 
two formations at the latter locality is a very pronounced 
