RELICS OF THE PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS ICE AGE. 25 
tinguished from Spirifenna infer, Waag, occurring in the 
Lower Productus Limestone. Spirifera Hardmani is merely 
a variety of Sptrifera Marconi occurring at Amb. ; Athvris 
Macleayana is identical with Athyris capillata ; Aulosieges 
Baracoodensis likewise can hardly be distinguished from 
Aulosieges Medlicoiiianus ; Productus tenuistriatus, var. 
Foordi, Eth., from the group Productus tumidus. The 
Icthydorulite Edestus Davisi, from the Arthur River, which, 
irom its striking resemblance, has been placed by Karpinski 
amongst the Helicoprion, is of importance for purposes of 
classification inasmuch as it also occurs in the Permo- 
Carboniferous (Artinski) Series of Krasnoufinisk in the 
Government of Perm, in Russia; also in the Salt Range 
beds, as well as in the Permian Rocks of Japan. The fossils 
from the Irwin River beds also show an intimate relationship 
with those of the Productus Limestone of the Salt Range, 
viz. : - Productus subquadratus belongs to the series of 
Productus Abichi ; Productus undatus is like Productus 
opunta, and Productus tenuistriatus resembles Productus 
tumidus. 
More detailed palaeontological research may, of course, 
reveal further connecting links, but so far as the evidence 
at present goes it seems quite clear that the strata con- 
taining the glacial boulder beds of India are not only homo- 
taxial with those of Western Australia, but appear to have 
been deposited in the same great marine area with more 
or less free communication. 
With regard to the precise geological horizon of the 
Western Australian glacial beds, it appears that the facies 
of the Gascoyne fossils, a list of which has been previously 
given, according to Mr. Etheridge, who acts as our Hon. 
Consulting Palaeontologist: — 
■' is purely carboniferous.” 
Should this interpretation be correct, it is quite clear that 
the beds associated with the Lyons Conglomerate as de- 
veloped in the Gascoyne and the northward, must be 
considerably older than that of the glacial horizons in the 
Permo-Carboniferous of Eastern Australia and India. The 
organic remains from Mingenew in the Irwin River coalfield, 
Mr. Etheridge states, that on the whole, their “ aspect ” is 
that of the Permo-Carboniferous of New South Wales. The 
fossils from the Irwin River below the coal seams are on a 
much low’er horizon than those from Minginew ; of these 
Mr. Etheridge states the facies is : — 
“ eminently that of the Carboniferous as distinguished from the 
higher Permo-Carboniferous.” 
