10 
W. D. CAMPBELL, A.K.C., F.G.S., A.M.I.C.E., I..S. : 
This rock shelter is formed in a remnant of the escarpment 
of a low hill composed of ferruginous sandstone, horizontally 
bedded, and some stray blocks of the same material there present 
hard and indurated surfaces, that have been availed of by the 
aborigines for making stencilled paintings of hands and weapons, 
etc. The floor and approaches are composed of ashes and frag- 
ments of charcoal accumulated among and over detached frag- 
ments of rock, and form a very typical “ kitchen-midden ” of a 
cave dwelling. 
There are other shelters along the escarpments of the flat- 
topped hills in the neighbourhood, caused by the weathering 
away of the more friable sandstone below the ferruginous beds 
or laterite covering forming the tops of the hills, but though 
some of these show signs, by their middens, of having been 
inhabited to a lesser extent, the soft sandstone forming the walls 
has been disintegrated by the action of the weather, and has 
not presented a suitable surface for paintings, and the shelters 
are not so conveniently situated as this one, which is only 15 or 20 
feet above the valley which it overlooks, where corroborees 
may have been held. 
The shelter faces almost due east and is 27 feet long, 12 feet 
deep, and 8 feet high at the outer face. Fig. No. 2, Plate II, 
shows the general aspect of the shelter, viewed from the south side. 
Fig. No. 3, Plate II, is a nearer view, showing some of the 
paintings, a hand and two oval figures about the size of large 
duck eggs. Fig. No. 4, Plate III, shows the sloping roof and 
back of the cave viewed from the front. 
The principal paintings are seen at mid-height on the right- 
hand side extending diagonally upwards to the left-hand upper 
corner of the photograph. These in rotation are as follows : — 
A pair of female hands, a man’s right hand, a man’s left hand, 
a pair of men’s hands with the thumbs touching, and the imperfect 
paintings of hands below these. About a foot above this line 
there is a very fresh outline of a tobacco pipe and a womera for 
throwing spears, while above and between these again are two 
hands. Near the bottom of the cave are seen the two egg-like 
figures already alluded to ; also the circular-shaped marks beyond. 
These paintings are evidently of various ages, but are all 
made in the same way and are similar to those of the aboriginals 
of the Eastern States. They have been made by placing the 
hand or article against the rock and dabbing the surrounding 
surface of the rock with a pigment made of a mixture of white 
ashes and fat, by means of a green stick the end of which has 
been bruised into a brush-like tip. This mixture forms a hard 
cement. The durability of these paintings is increased by the 
oily nature of the pigment soaking into the sandstone. In 
modern times this pigment is commonly called '' settlers’ cement,” 
it being used for repairing leaks in water-troughs and barrels. 
