MOLLUSCA. 
28 
2. Valvata cbistata, pi. XIV, f. 66, 67. — First Ed., pi. 
41, f. 66, 67. 
Valvata cristata, Muller, Verm., p. 198; Fleming, Brit. An., 
p. 286; Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 116; Thompson, 
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 18; Valvata spirorbis, Dra- 
pernaud, p. 41, pi. 1, f. 32, 33 ; Turton, Man., p. 131, f. 115 ; 
Brard, p. 187, pi. 6, f. 15, 16; Turbo cristatus, Maton and 
Racket, Linn. Tr., VIII, p. 169; Helix cristata, Montagu, 
Test. Brit., p. 460, pi. 1, f. 7, 8. 
Valvata minuta, of Drapernaud, pi. 1, f. 36, 37, 38, repre- 
sents the young shell; Turton, Man., p. 132, f. 117» 
Shell discoidal, consisting of four cylindrical volutions, flat- 
tened above, and umbilicate beneath ; exposing nearly all the 
inner volutions, these are slightly striated transversely; aperture 
quite orbicular, attached to but not interrupted by the body 
volution ; peristome as thick as the other parts of the shell, and 
slightly oblique. Diameter one-tenth of an inch. 
Found in canals and ditches in Britain, and is a very common 
species in almost all parts of Ireland. 
Family VIII Lymn^cea. 
Shell spiral, generally with a smooth external surface ; margin 
of the outer lip always acute, and not reflected. Animals am- 
phibious, usually destitute of an ope'rculum. 
Genus 37 — Lymn^a. — Lamarck. 
Shell oblong, thin, sometimes elongated and acutely tur- 
reted ; spire always produced ; aperture large, entire, oblong, 
generally straitened, and somewhat acuminate above and round- 
ed below ; outer lip acute ; the lower part of the inner lip 
ascending on the pillar, forming an oblique plait or fold, and 
rising, spreads more or less over the columella, or front of the 
body volution ; external surface smooth, frequently polished. 
Destitute of an operculum. 
1. Lymn^a stagnalis, pi. XV, f. 19 and 21 — First Ed., 
pi. 42, f. 19 and 21. 
Lymnceus stagnalis, Lamarck, An. San. Vert., VI, pt. 2nd, 
p. 159; Drapernaud, p. 51, pi. 2, f. 38, 39; Pfeifler, p. 86, pi. 
4, f. 19; Turton, Man., p. 121, f. 104; Alder, Mag. Zool. and 
Bot., p. 114; Brard, p. 133, pi. 5, f, 1 ; De Montfort, II, p. 
268; Sowerby, Genera, f. 1 ; Ilossmassler, I, p. 95> ph 2, f. 49; 
Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 45 ; Stagnicola 
vulgarns, Leach, Moll., p. 145; Lymneus major, Jeffreys, Linn. 
Tr., XVI, p. 375 ; Livinea stagnalis, Fleming, Brit. An., p. 
273; Helix stagnalis, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 367, pb 16, f. 8; 
Donovan, Brit. Sh., H, pi. 51, f. 2; Brown, Wernerian Mem., 
H, p. 530. 
Shell very thin, brittle, oblong-oval, subulate, pellucid, and 
horn-coloured ; body large, longitudinally striated, generally 
crossed by a few raised spiral ridges ; spire acute, consisting of 
five or six volutions, tapering to a fine point, and separated by a 
deep suture; aperture oval, a little narrower above than below, 
and occupying more than half the length of the shell ; outer lip 
thin, but not reflected; pillar lip reflected on the columella, with 
an oblique fold, behind which is a slight umbilicus. 
This shell is subject to some variety. F. 22, 23, pi. XV, is 
a thin and less ventricose variety, to which Montagu gives the 
specific name of fragiles, p. 369) pb 16, f. 7. 
[Tkachelipoda 
Fig. 20 is the representation of a young shell. 
The very fine specimen from which f. 22 and 23 were drawn, 
I obtained in a small stream on a flat meadow near Clonooney 
Barracks, King’s County, Ireland, where they were plentiful of 
that size. 
2. LYMNiEA PALUSTRis, pb XV, f. 17, 18. — First Ed., pb 
42, f. 17, 18. 
Lymnceus palustris, Lamarck, An. San. Vert., VI, pt. 2nd, 
p. 160; Drapernaud, p. 52, pb 2, f. 40 and 42 ; Pfeiffer, p. 80, 
pb 4, f. 20; Turton, Man., p. 123, f. 107 ; Rossmassler, Icon., 
I, p. 96, f. 51, 52 ; Brard, p. 136, pb 5, f. 6, 7 ; Alder, Mag. 
Zool. and Bot., II, p. 114; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. 
Hist., VI, p. 45 ; Forbes, Mab Mon., p. 14 ; Lymnceus com- 
munis, Jefireys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 276; Stagnicola communis, 
Leach, Moll., p. 142; Limnea palustms, Fleming, Brit. An., p. 
274; Helix palustris, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 373, pb 16, f. 
10; Donovan, Brit. Sh., pb 175; Helix stagnalis. Pennant, 
Brit. Zoob, IV, p. 86, pb 13, f. 13. 
Shell oblong-ovate, subpellucid, brownish horn-coloured ; 
body subcylindrical ; spire consisting of four or five well defined, 
slightly rounded volutions, terminating in a sharp apex, slightly 
wrinkled langitudinally, and sometimes traversed by distant, 
slight, irregular transverse ridges, particularly on the body volu- 
tion, producing a facetted appearance; aperture oval, occupying 
nearly the half of the shell, inside frequently of a deep choco- 
late, or purplish-brown; outer lip thin; inner lip a little reflected 
on the columella, with a small umbilicus behind. Length gene- 
rally about three-quarters of an inch ; breadth three-eights. It 
sometimes, however, occurs larger. 
This species is subject to great variety, both in proportions 
and colour. F. 4, 5, 7, 14, 15, 16, and 23, pb XV, are varie- 
ties ; f. 26 is a variety of a deep blackish-brown, and is variety 
b of Drapernaud, p. 52, pb 2, f . 42 ; f. 1 1 is variety c of the 
same author, pb 2, f. 42 ; f. 6, 7 is a variety, with the apex 
decollated, which is not uncommon, Maton and Racket, Linn. 
Tr., VHI, pb 5, f. 8 ; Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, p. 161, f. 32. 
Found plentifully in ditches, marshes, lakes, and ponds. 
3. LYMNiEA MINUTA, pb XV, f. 12, 13. — First Ed., pb 42, 
f. 12, 13, and pb XIV, f. 27« 
Limneus minutus, Drapernaud, p. 53, pb 3, f. 5, 6 ; Alder, 
Mag. Zoob and Bot., H, p. 115 ; Brard, p. 138, pb 5, f. 8, 9 ; 
Limneus fossarius, Turton, Man., p. 124, f. 108; Limneus 
minutus, Brard, p. 138, pb 5, f. 8, 9 ; Limneus truncatulus, 
Jefireys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 377 ; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. 
Nat. Hist., VI, p. 32; Lymncea minuta, Lamarck, VI, pt. 2nd, 
p. 162; Lymncea fossaria, Fleming, Brit. An., p. 274; Helix 
fossaria, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 372, pb 16, f. 9; Brown, Ency. 
Brit., VI, p. 401; Ib., Wernerian Mem., H, p. 530; Turbo 
rivulus. Walker, Test. Min. Rar., f. 57. 
Shell oblong-ovate, pellucid, of a yellowish horn colour; spire 
consisting of five or six rounded, and deeply defined volutions, 
terminating in a sharp apex; aperture ovate, nearly half the 
length of the shell ; outer lip slightly reflected ; inner lip nar- 
rowly folded on the columella. Length generally half an inch, 
but frequently less. 
This species is not uncommon in many parts of Britain and 
Ireland. It frequents muddy drains or ditches, and is often to 
be found in situations, out of water, existing merely by a little 
moisture. 
