MOLLUSCA. 
40 
Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 358 ; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. 
Nat. Hist., VI, p. 25 ; Forbes, Mai. Mon., p. 11 ; Pupa mus- 
corum, Lamarck, VI, p. Ill ; Rossmassler, VI, p. 15, pi. 23, 
f. 5 ; Turbo muscorum, Brown, Ency. Brit., 6th Ed., VI, p. 
457; Turbo marginata, Sheppard, Linn. Trans., XIV, p. 154; 
Pupilla marginata, Leach, Moll., p. 127; Alcea marginata, 
Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 357* 
Shell glossy, subpellucid, cylindrical, of a chestnut-brown 
colour ; body about a third of the length of the shell ; spire 
consisting of five or six slightly inflated, convex volutions, well 
defined by the sutural line, and terminating in an obtuse apex ; 
aperture nearly orbicular, with a single, small, tubercular tooth, 
situate far back, at the central part of the aperture, on the 
front of the body volution; lips white, continuous, with a whitish 
rib placed externally behind the outer lip, but which is nearly 
obsolete in some specimens ; lip thin and emarginate, slightly 
reflected, with a small subumbilicus placed behind it. Length 
somewhat more than an eighth of an inch ; diameter about a 
third its length. 
This species is pretty generally diffused throughout Great 
Britain and Ireland, inhabiting mossy banks or under stones, in 
the crevices of rocks or on old walls ; and also under the bark 
on decayed trees. 
Found at Castletown, Isle of Man, by my friend Edward 
Forbes, jun.. Esq. 
5. Pupa umbilicata, pi. XIV, f. 5. — First Ed., pi. 41, f. 5. 
Pupta umbilicata, Drapernaud, p. 62, pi. 3, f. 39, 40 ; 
Lamarck, An. San. Vert., VI, pt. 2nd, p. Ill ; Jeffreys, Linn. 
Tr., XVI, p. 357 ; Rossmassler, pi. 23, f. 327 ; Alder, Mag. 
Zool. and Bot., II, p. 1 1 1 ; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. 
Hist., VI, p. 37 ; Pupa muscorum, Fleming, Brit. An., p. 268; 
Pupilla Drapernaudii, Leach, Moll., p. 126; Turbo musco- 
rum, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 335, pi. 22, f. 3 ; Brown, Ency. 
Brit., 6th Ed., VI, p. 457 ; Helix umbilicata, Daudeb, Hist, 
des Moll., No. 474 ; Odostomia muscorum, Fleming, Edin. 
Encv., VH, p. 76 ; Jaminia muscorum, Risso, E. M., IV, p. 88. 
Shell cylindrical, ventricose, smooth, subpellucid, glossy, pale 
brownish horn-colour ; body and spire nearly of equal length, 
the latter consisting of five or six narrow, considerably inflated 
volutions, terminating in a subacute apex ; aperture elongated, 
subluniform ; outer and pillar lips rather broad, white, and 
slightly reflexed, with a single, large, laminar tooth at the supe- 
rior outer angle of the aperture, and appears to be formed by 
an inflected prolongation of the outer lip ; behind the columel- 
lar lip is a rather large umbilicus, bounded by a circular rib. 
Length somewhat more than the eighth of an inch ; diameter 
about a third of its length. 
Found on old walls, under stones, and the bark of trees, in 
many parts of Great Britain and Ireland ; it is abundant in the 
latter country, as well as all its islands, especially where lime- 
stone and chalk prevail. 
6. Pupa Anglica, pi. XVIII, f. 35, 36. 
Pupa Anglica, Potiez and Michaud, Gal., I, p. 195, pi. 20, 
f. 1, 2; Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., H, p. Ill; Thompson, 
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 38 ; Pupa ringens, Jeffreys, 
Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 356 ; Pupa tridentalis, Michaud, Compl., 
p. 61, pi. 15, f. 28, 30; Vertigo Anglica, Ferussac, Moll.; 
Turton, Man,, p. 102, f. 82; Turbo Anglicus,^ ood. Cat. Sup., 
pi. 6, f. n. 
[Trachelipoda 
Shell ventricose, glossy ; body short ; spire long', consisting 
of five or six inflated volutions, well defined by the suture, the 
two superior ones decreasing in size rather suddenly ; aperture 
somewhat elliptical, provided with five teeth, two on the base 
of the body, one of them central, and the other small and 
tubercular, one at the superior portion of the outer angle, 
parallel with, and united to the outer lip, and so much curved, 
as nearly to unite with a tubercle which is situate near the top 
of the outer lip, and forming a nearly circular area betwixt 
them ; and an oblique, rather sharp tooth situate on the colu- 
mella ; outer lip flattened in front, reflected, and of a brownish 
hue ; pillar lip broad, with a deep circular umbilicus behind it ; 
whole shell with slight, longitudinal striae, and covered with a 
dark reddish-brown or chocolate-coloured epidermis, and fre- 
quently grayish towards the apicial region. Length two lines ; 
diameter one line. 
This interesting species, long considered as peculiar to 
England, inhabits woody situations, and has been found in 
various localities, namely, near Bristol, Exeter, Lancashire, and 
Twizil House, Northumberland ; in Scotland it has been met 
with in a wood at Corstorphin, near Edinburgh, and at Ballan- 
trae, Ayrshire, by Mr. Thompson of Belfast ; who also found 
it in the County of Londonderry, Ireland, at the side of 
the river Bann, near its junction with the ocean, also in 
numerous localities throughout Down and Antrim, and on the 
mountain of Benbulben in Sligo, glen of the Downs, Wicklow, 
and at the lower lake of Killarney ; Mr. W. H. Harvey found 
it near Ballitore, and on sand hills at Miltown Malbay. In 
short, it seems universally diffused throughout Ireland. 
7. Pupa juniperi, pi. XIV, f. 1 — First Ed., pi. 41, f. 1. 
Pujm secale, Drapernaud, p. 64, pi. 3, f. 49, 50 ; Pfeiffer, I, 
p. 55, pi. 3> f* 14; Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 353; Ross- 
massler, Icon., p. 82, pi. 2, f. 35 ; Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., 
H, p. Ill; Turbo juniperi, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 340, pi. 
12, f. 12; Brown, Ency. Brit., 6th Ed., VI, p. 457 ; Turton, 
Brit. Fau., p. 185; Abida secale, Leach, Moll., p. 165; Vertigo 
secale, Turton, Man., p. 101, pi. 7, f. 81 ; Chondrus secale, a, 
Hartmann, p. 218, No. 20; Sturm, VI, p. 7, pi. 4; Torquilla 
secale, Studer, Catal., p. 19 ; Cochlodonta secale, Ferussac, 
Prod., p. 64. 
Shell subcylindrical ; body not quite a third of the length of 
the shell; spire consisting of seven or eight somewhat inflated, 
but narrow volutions, well defined by the sutural line, the four 
apicial ones tapering rather abruptly, and terminating in a 
blunted apex; aperture somewhat square above and rounded 
below, and provided with seven or eight laminar teeth, two of 
which are placed on the pillar lip, three on the base of the 
body, the central one situate far back, and that next the outside 
long, sharp, standing obliquely inwards, and obtruding in front 
of the others, and three on the outer lip, the central one 
largest, and the lower one deeply seated ; all the teeth of the 
outer lip are visible externally, shining through in the form of 
three pale, slightly spiral bands ; outer lip white, acute, broad 
below, with a slight wave or sinus above, and reflected ; pillar 
lip continuous with the outer one, and reflected, with an um- 
bilicus behind ; whole surface subopaque, of a dull grayish- 
brown colour, and covered with very fine, regular, longitudinally 
oblique stria3. Length upwards of a quarter of an inch ; dia- 
meter equal to about a third of its length. 
