42 MOLLUSCA. [Trachelipoda 
The V. palustris may be easily distinguished by the three 
distinct, white teeth, which are situate within the upper and 
truneated portion of the aperture. 
Found in marshy situations, in the neighbourhood of Scar- 
borough; Wimbledon Common; near Twizil House, Northum- 
berland, the seat of J. P. Selby, Esq.; and in Ireland, in many 
localities throughout the Counties of Down and Antrim, Port- 
arlington. County of Kildare, and Finnoe, County of Tipperary; 
and at Ballantrae, Ayrshire, Scotland. 
6. Vertigo Alpestris, pi. XVIII, f. 40. 
Vertigo Alpestris, Ferussac, MSS. ; Alder, Mag. Zool. and 
Bot., II, p. 112. 
Shell subcylindrical, pellucid, of a pale yellowish horn-colour ; 
spire provided with four somewhat ventricose volutions, gra- 
dually tapering to a rather obtuse apex ; whole surface covered 
with longitudinal, minute striae; aperture semicircular, provided 
with five teeth, one of which is situate on the superior portion 
of the aperture, two on the columella, and two on the outer lip, 
which is slightly reflected. Length one-tenth of an inch ; dia- 
meter half its length. 
Found on old walls, in Northumberland, near Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne, by Joshua Alder, Esq. 
This species differs from V. pygmcea in being slightly striated, 
and somewhat more cylindrical. 
Section II. — Shell fusiform and subcylindrical; spiral con- 
volutions sinistral ; aperture externally margined. 
7. Vertigo pusilla, pi. XVIII, f. 41. 
Vertigo pusilla, Muller, Verm., II, p. 124, No. 320; Alder, 
Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 112; Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 
361 ; Pfeiffer, I, p. 72, pi. 3, f. 45, 46; Thompson, Ann. and 
Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 41 ; Vertigo heterostropha, Leach, 
Moll., p. 130; Pupa vertigo, Drapernaud, p. 61, pi. 3, f. 34, 
35; Jaminea heterostropha, Risso, IV, p. 91 ; Helix vertigo, 
Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat., I, p. 3654, No. 155; Schroter, Fluss- 
conchyl., S. 340. 
Shell ventricose, ovate, brittle ; volutions heterostrophe; body 
and spire about equal in length ; the latter consisting of four 
somewhat ventricose, nearly transverse volutions, terminating in 
a rather obtuse apex; aperture subtriangular, oblique, situate 
on the right side of the shell; provided internally with two 
teeth on the superior portion of the peristome, two on the 
columellar lip, and three on the outer lip ; peretreme narrow, 
white, a little reflected, with a small umbilicus behind the colu- 
mellar lip ; outer lip furnished with a longitudinal rib internally, 
and two or three transverse, pale lines, being the reflections of 
teeth within the aperture, and with a very slight wave ; whole 
shell subpellucid, of a pale chestnut horn-colour, and with lon- 
gitudinal, very minute striae, which are only perceptible by the 
aid of a very strong lens. Length a line ; diameter not half 
its length. 
This species has, in some few instances, an eighth tooth situ- 
ated on the pillar lip. 
Inhabits moist woody situations, under stones. It is not a 
rare, although a local species in Britain. Mr. Thompson, 
however, says, it is very rare in Ireland, and has been 
met with in the north-east and west of the island. He par- 
ticularises Colin Glen, near Belfast, Portmarnock, and Miltown 
Malbay. 
8. Vertigo angustior, pi. XIV, f. 9 First Ed., pi. 41, 
f. 9. 
Vertigo heterostropha, Leach, Moll., p. 130; Vertigo angus- 
tior, Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 361 ; Alder, Mag. Zool. and 
Bot., H, p. 112; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 
41 Ttirbo vertigo, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 363, pi. 12, f. 6; 
Turton, Brit. Fau., p. 186. 
Shell ventricose in the middle, and tapering to both extre- 
mities; with four heterostrophe volutions, nearly flat on the 
sides, and terminating in an obtuse apex ; body about a third 
of the entire length of the shell ; aperture subtriangular, con- 
tracted and angular on its left superior side, rather rounded 
below ; peristome white, and somewhat thickened ; outer lip 
thickened, slightly waved ; three white teeth, two of which are 
on the columella, and one on the outer lip ; whole shell covered 
with fine, obliquely longitudinal striae, and of an opaque, pale 
umber-brown colour. Length about half a line. 
This is a rare species, and is mentioned by Montagu as 
obtained from the rejectamenta of the river Avon, Wiltshire; 
Jeffreys gives its habitat in the rejectamenta of a small stream 
at Marino, near Swansea ; and Thompson obtained it from Mr. 
W. H. Harvey, who found it at Miltown Malbay, Ireland. 
In pointing out the difference between this species and V. 
pusilla, Jeffreys says, that the back being more sunk in some 
species than in others, — which characterises the growth of 
toothed land shells, — is sufficient proof that it is not the young 
of V. pusilla. 
Genus 52 Azeca Leach. 
Shell subcylindrical, somewhat obtuse ; covered with a pel- 
lucid, glossy epidermis ; aperture pyriform, oblique, curved, and 
contracted, and terminating in a point above ; peritreme thick, 
obtuse, united all round, and toothed internally ; columella im- 
perforated. 
1. Azeca tridens, pi. XIV, f. 2 — First Ed., pi. 41, f. 2. 
Azeca Matoni, Leach, Moll., p. 122, pi. 8, f. 8 ; Turton, 
Man., p. 68, f. 52; Pupa Goodalli, Ferussac, Prod., p. 71 ; 
Alder, Cat., p. 32; Ib., Mag. Zool. and Bot., H, p. 110; Azeca 
Britannica, Kenyon, Mag. Nat. Hist., H, p. 426, f. n ; Turbo 
tridens, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 338, pi. 11, f. 2; Maton and 
Rackett, Linn. Tr., VHI, p. 181; Turton’s Linne, IV, p. 499; 
Ib., Brit. Fau., p. 184; Brown, Ency. Brit., 6th Ed., VI, p. 
456; Pupa tridens, Lamarck, An. San. Vert., VI, pt. 2nd, p. 
108; Helix tridens, Muller, Verm., H, p. 106, No. 305. 
Shell subcylindrical, subpellucid, glabrous, glossy, and of a 
horn-colour; body not quite so long as the spire, which consists 
of five or six slightly inflated volutions, terminating in a some- 
what obtuse apex, with some minute longitudinal strife near the 
suture; aperture pyriform, oblique, a little curved; columella 
slightly reflexed, with two long and two short teeth alternating; 
outer lip with a single tooth on its margin. Length a quarter 
of an inch. 
Inhabits close, shaded, woody situations, among moss, under 
stones, and among decayed leaves, &c. 
