46 
MOLLUSCA. 
[Tbachelipoda 
Suh- Genus 4. — Helicella. — Ferussac. 
Shell depressed ; base of the body provided ivith a large um- 
bilicus. 
10. Helix Cantiana, pi. XVII, f. 15, 16, 17 — First Ed., 
pi. 40, f. 15, 16, 17- 
Helix Cantiana, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 422, pi. 23, f. 1 ; 
Maton and llackett, Linn. Tr., VIII, p. 197; Turton, Brit. Fau., 
p. 189; Brown, Ency. Brit., 6th Ed., VI, p. 457; Fleming, 
Edin. Ency., VII, p. 79; Ib., Brit. An., p. 261; Teba Cantiana, 
Leach, Moll., p. 94; Helix Carthusiana, Drapernaud, p. 102, 
pi. 6, f. 33; Turton, Man., p. 36, pi. 3, f. 26; Alder, Mag. Zool. 
and Bot., II, p. 106 ; Brard, p. 24, pi. 1, f. 6; Ferussac, Prod., 
p. 43; Rossmassler, V, VI, p. 36, pi. 27, f. 364; Helix pallida, 
Donovan, Brit. Sh., V, pi. 157, f. 2; Helix drcinnata, Ross- 
massler, I, p. 64, pi. 1, f. 12. 
Shell subpellucid, thin, generally of a yellowish-white, but 
sometimes lead-coloured ; body large, tumid, with an obscure 
central band ; the base and aperture of a rufous colour ; spire 
small, subdepressed, consisting of five moderately rounded 
volutions ; aperture semielliptical, its length and width being 
nearly equal; outer lip thin, but not reflected; internal rib of a 
pale rose-colour, or white ; whole surface covered with minute, 
irregular, longitudinal striae; umbilicus rather small. Diameter 
three-quarters of an inch ; height about half an inch. 
Young shells are very pale in the colour, and with the epi- 
dermis slightly hispid. The adult bears some resemblance to 
H. rifescens, but may be distinguished by its greater con- 
vexity, superior size, in the striae less regular and strong, in 
being devoid of the subcarinated hand round the body, and in 
the umbilicus being considerably less in proportion to its size. 
This species frequents the chalk districts of Kent, and is an 
extremely local shell. 
11. Helix Carthusiana, pi. XVH, f. 49, 50, 51 First 
Ed., pi. 40, f. 49, 50,51. 
Helix Carthusiana, Muller, Verm., p. 15; Helix Carthusi- 
anella, Drapernaud, p. 101, pi. 6, f. 31, 32; Alder, Mag. Zool. 
and Bot., H, p. 106; Brard, p. 24, pi. 1, f. 7 ; Turton, Man., 
p. 37, f. 27 ; Helix Gibsii, Leach, in Brown, Illust. Conch., 1st 
Ed.; Ferussac, Journ. de Phys., XC, p. 300; Helix Zenobia 
bimarginata. Gray, Med. Rep., 1821; Helix ruflabris, Jeffreys, 
Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 509; Teba Carthusianella, Leach, Moll., p. 
95, pi. 8, f. 4, 5, 6. 
Shell subdepressed, subpellucid, glabrous, of a grayish-brown ; 
body large, inflated on the sides; spire very small, but little 
elevated, consisting of three slightly defined volutions, termi- 
nating in a subacute apex ; aperture sublunate ; outer lip thin 
on the margin, with a milk-white, transverse, rather broad band 
on the outside ; base provided with a very small umbilicus, 
which is partly covered by the columellar lip. 
The H. Carthusianella is subject to some variety, in size, 
thickness, and also in the consistence of the shell. One variety 
is smaller, and more convex. 
This species inhabits the chalk districts of Sussex and Kent, 
among short grass ; and is also common on the coast betwixt 
Dover and Brighton. 
12. Helix rufescens, pi. XVII, f. 47 and 53 — First Ed., 
pi. 40, f. 47 and 53. 
Helix rufescens. Pennant, Brit. Zool., IV, p. 134, pi. 85, f. 
127 ; Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 420, pi. 23, f. 2; Turton, Brit. 
Fau., p. 189; Ib., Man., p. 37> f. 28; Fleming, Edin. Ency., 
VH, p. 79; lb., Brit. An., p.26l; Brown, Ency. Brit., 6th Ed., 
VI, p. 457 ; Ib., Wernerian Mem., II, p. 525; Thompson, Ann. 
and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 28; Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XHI, p. 
337; Ferussac, Prod., p. 44; Donovan, Brit. Sh., V, pi. 157, f. 
1 ; Maton and Racket!, Linn. Tr., VHI, p. 196; Helix hispida, 
Donovan, V, pi. 151, f. 1; Helix glabella, Drapernaud, p. 102, 
pi. 7> f. 6 ; Pfeiffer, p. 34, pi. 2, f. 16 ; Alder, Mag. Zool. and 
Bot., II, p. 107 ; Teba rufescens, Leach, Moll., p. 96; Cochlea 
rufescens. Da Costa, p. 80, pi. 4, f. 6. 
Shell subdepressed, subopaque, rufous brown ; body large ; 
spire small, consisting of five slightly elevated and moderately 
inflated volutions, well defined by the sutural line; centre of 
the body volution encompassed by a slight subcarinated girdle, 
of a paler colour than the rest of the shell, but which does not 
extend to the volutions of the spire; aperture semilunar, some- 
what longer than broad ; outer lip thin, slightly reflected at the 
lower angle ; whole surface covered with longitudinal, wrinkled 
striae ; umbilicus large and deep. Diameter frequently nearly 
three-quarters of an inch. Its general dimensions smaller. 
The young of this shell is destitute of hairs. 
This species is liable to some variations in colour. 
13. Helix limbata, pi. XVHI, f. 29, 30. 
Helix limbata, Drapernaud, p. 100, pi. 6, f. 29 ; Ferussac, 
Prod., p. 43 ; Michaud, Compl., p. 24 ; Rossmassler, Icon., V, 
p. 35, pi. 26, f. 362 ; Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., H, p. 106. 
Shell suborbicular, of a white or reddish colour ; body large, 
with an opaque, slight carina round its centre ; spire about a 
third of the length of the body, consisting of four somewhat 
narrow, slightly inflated and subdepressed volutions, terminating 
in a rather obtuse apex ; aperture sublunate, very oblique, and 
slightly narrowed in the centre of the outer lip, which is thin, 
plain, slightly reflexed, and margined with white ; pillar lip a 
little reflexed over the umbilicus, which is rather small and 
narrow; whole surface very finely striated. Length nearly half 
an inch ; diameter upwards of half an inch. 
This species is subject to considerably variety in colour; being 
sometimes reddish-brown, and at others of a clear white. 
Discovered by Mr. G. B. Sowerby on the New North Road 
to Barnet, near Hampstead, in a hedge row, and attached to 
brambles. The H. limbata is a native of France, Switzerland, 
and Germany, and has in all probability been an introduced 
species, as the above is the only locality where it has hitherto 
been noticed in Britain. 
14. Helix fulva, pi. XVII, f. 2 First Ed., pi. 40, f. 2. 
Helix fulva, Muller, Verm. Hist., H, p. 56, No. 249; Dra- 
pernaud, p. 81, pi. 7, f. 12, 13; Pfeiffer, I, p. 23, pi. 2, f. 2; 
Turton, Man., p. 61, f. 47 ; Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., H, p. 
108; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 25; Helix 
trochiformis, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 427, ph 11, f. 9; Turton, 
Brit. Fau., p. 189; Fleming, Edin. Ency., VH, p. 80; Maton 
and Racket!, Linn. Tr., VIII, p. 200; Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XVI, 
p.331; Helix Trochilus, Fleming, Brit. An., p. 260 ; Brown, 
Ency. Brit., 6th Ed., VI, p. 458 ; Teba fulva, Leach, Moll., p. 
99 ; Helix nitidula, V. Alten, S. 53, pi. 4, f. 8. 
