MOLLUSCA. 
47 
Involute.] 
Variety 1. Shell depressed, and equally convex both above 
and below. 
Helix Mortonii, Jefireys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 332. 
Variety 2. Smaller, and of a darker colour. 
Helix Alderi,, Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 108. 
Shell trochiform, thin, smooth, glossy, pellucid, of a dark- 
brownish horn-colour, sometimes inclining to a reddish hue ; 
body large, ventricose; spire small, much produced, and having 
five inflated volutions, deeply divided by the sutural line, ter- 
minating in a rather obtuse apex ; base rounded, and provided 
with a very small umbilicus, which is hardly perceptible in the 
young shell ; aperture subluniform, transversely compressed, its 
length and breadth being equal; outer lip thin; pillar lip slightly 
reflected over the umbilicus. Diameter about one-eighth of 
an inch. 
The small variety of this shell, noticed by Joshua Alder, 
Esq., of Newcastle, has very fine concentric striae on its base, 
which is only visible by the aid of a strong lens. This variety 
is only one-tenth of an inch in diameter. 
Inhabits woody and shaded situations, under stones, on de- 
cayed timber, and under leaves. Montagu mentions it as a 
Devonshire and Wiltshire shell. It has also been found in the 
North of England; and Thompson says it is generally dis- 
tributed over Ireland, from the sea shore to mountain localities. 
At Wolf hill, he found thirty specimens congregated under one 
stone. 
15. Helix fusca, pi. XVII, f. 25, 26 First Ed., pi. 40, 
f. 25, 26. 
Helix fusca, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 424, pi. 13, f. 1 ; Brown, 
Ency. Brit., p. 460; Fleming, Edin. Ency., VII, p. 81; Ib., 
Brit. An., p. 264; Maton and Rackett, Linn. Tr., VIII, p. 209; 
Jefireys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 329, 394, and 507 ; Alder, Mag. 
Zool. and Bot., II, p. 107; Turton, Man., p. 53, f. 36; Ib., 
Conch. Diet., p. 946; Ib., Brit. Fau., p. 191; Thompson, Ann. 
and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 24 ; Helix Zenobia corrugata. 
Gray, Med. Rep., 1821, p. 239. 
Shell thin, pellucid, of a rufous horn-colour ; body large, 
considerably inflated in the centre; spire small, subdepressed, 
consisting of four or five very narrow volutions; aperture semi- 
lunar, its breadth and length nearly equal ; outer lip very thin, 
but not reflected ; columellar lip a little reflected over the very 
minute perforation, instead of an umbilicus. Diameter about 
three-eighths of an inch ; its height seldom exceeding a quarter 
of an inch. 
Found in woody, damp situations, and is a very local and 
scarce species in England. It has been met with generally 
throughout Ireland, except in the King’s County. My friend 
T. W. Warren, Esq., of Dublin, met with it at Kilruddery, 
Wicklow; by Edward Wallen, Esq., at Altadawan, Tyrone; by 
Miss Mary Ball, of Dublin, at Youngrove, near Youghal; by 
the Rev. Benjamin J. Clarke at Monivea, Galway; by W. H. 
Harvey, Esq., near Limerick ; and in glens in the Belfast 
mountains by William Thompson, Esq., of Belfast. / 
16. Helix lamellata, pi. XVHI, f. 47. 
Helix lamellata, Jefiieys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 333; Thomp- 
son, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 26 ; Helix Scarburgen- 
sis, Turton, Man., p. 62, f. 48. 
Shell trochiform, semipellucid, of a pale grayish horn-colour; 
body somewhat longer than the spire, which consists of five 
gradually decreasing, well defined volutions, terminating in a 
somewhat obtuse apex ; outer lip thin ; inner lip slightly re- 
flected over the umbilicus; aperture sublunate, wider than long; 
base of the body tumid, generally of a paler colour than the 
superior portion of the shell, and provided with a small, but 
deep umbilicus; whole surface covered with an epidermis, which 
rises into a series of longitudinal, lamellated processes. Dia- 
meter about the tenth of an inch. 
This species has somewhat the appearance of H. aculeata, 
but may be distinguished by the lamellar epidermis not rising 
into spinous processes, and in being more numerous; the spire 
also is pyramidal, and not conical, as in H. aculeata ; the aper- 
ture in the latter species is more elliptical and produced, than 
in H. lamellata, and it is destitute of the internal marginal rib. 
Mr. Thompson says, that both the animal and shell are of a 
paler colour in the young, than in the adult state. 
This interesting addition to our Fauna we owe to Mr. Bean, 
of Scarborough. 
It inhabits woody situations in Yorkshire and Northumber- 
land. It has also been found to be widely distributed in 
Ireland, under decayed leaves of trees, in moss, and shady and 
moist situations. Mr. Thompson first met with it in the Glen 
at Holywood House, Downshire, and afterwards in many other 
parts of the county, and also in Antrim ; it occurs in the Glen 
of Downs, Whcklow, La Bergerie, Queen’s County, by the 
Rev. J. B. Clarke ; and at Dunscombe Wood and Ballinhassig 
Glen, near Cork, by the Rev. T. Hincks, of Cork. 
17. Helix aculeata, pi. XVH, f. 1 First Ed., pi. 40, 
f. 1. 
Helix aculeata, Miiller, Verm., H, p. 81 ; Drapernaud, p. 82, 
pi. 7, f. 10, 11; Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., H, p. 109; Ib., 
Trans. Newcastle Nat. Hist. Soc., I, p. 36 ; Thompson, Ann. 
and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 25 ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 262 ; 
Gmelin, Linn. Syst., p. 3638; Brown, Ency. Brit., 6th Ed., VI, 
p. 458; Helix spinulosa, Lightfoot, Phil. Trans., LXXVI, p. 
166, pi. 2, f. 1 to 5; Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 424, pi. 11, f. 10; 
Fleming, Edin. Ency., VH, p. 80 ; Turton, Man., p. 43, f. 33 ; 
Ib., Brit. Fau., p. 190; Maton and Rackett, Linn. Tr., VHI, 
p. 201 ; Teba spinulosa, Leach, Moll., p. 100. 
Shell conical, globose, thin, subpellucid, of a brownish horn- 
colour; body large; spire small, acute, consisting of four deeply 
divided, inflated volutions; aperture semilunated, a little longer 
than wide, internally provided with a white rib, with a rather 
large and deep umbilicus ; whole surface covered with an epi- 
dermis, which rises into numerous, regular, somewhat longitudi- 
nally oblique foliations, or striae, which rise into fine, flexible, 
hair-like, spinous processes. Length and diameter about the 
tenth of an inch. 
This is rather a local species, inhabiting woods and shady 
places, under stones and leaves, &c. It has been found near 
Bulstrode, Buckinghamshire; Lackham, Wiltshire; Kingsbridge, 
Devonshire; Spetisbury, Dorsetshire; at Dovedale, Derbyshire; 
and the Dean, at Twizil, Northumberland; the Lomond Hills, 
Fifeshire ; in the woods at Hopetoun, Linlithgowshire ; and in 
Ireland it is pretty generally diffused. It was met with plenti- 
fully at Portmarnock, County of Dublin, by my friend T. W. 
Warren, Esq., of Dublin; at Ben Bulben, County of Sligo, by 
William Thompson, Esq., of Belfast ; and at !Miltown Malbay, 
by W. H. Harvey, Esq. 
