16 
MOLLtJSOA. 
[Trachelipoda. 
minating in an obtuse apex ; aperture suborbicular j outer lip thin at the 
edge, a little flattened within, and slightly reflected in old shells ; pillar lip 
broad, white, and depressed on the columella, with a slight subumbilicus 
behind it in adult shells ; colour drab, orange, yellow, or brown. Length 
three quarters of an inch ; breadth nearly the same. 
Common on almost all the British and Irish shores, adhering to stones, 
near high-water-mark, and not unfrequently out of reach of the tide. 
In some instances the surface is covered with very faint, obsolete, spiral 
striae. The colour in yoimg shells is exceedingly various, in which state it 
is also subject to great variety in its markings. 
This species has been often confounded with Turbo littoreus, but is at 
once discriminated by its round, tumid, well- separated volutions, in every 
stage of growth, 
3. T.jugosus, pi. X, f. 15, 16. — First Ed., pi. 46, f. 15, 16; Maton and 
Racket, Linn, Trans., VIII, p. 158, ifl. 4, f. 7 : Brown, Ency. Brit., VI, p. 
453 ; Montagu, p. 586, pi. 20, f. 2. 
Shell suboval, ventricose ; body very large ; spire short, consisting of 
three volutions, terminating in a moderately pointed, elevated apex ; body 
provided with ten or eleven much elevated, sharp ridges, reflected a little 
upwards, the lower volution of the spire with three or four, and sometimes 
the same number on the second ; aperture suborbicular ; outer lip thin, 
subcarinated by the ridges ; pillar lip broad, smooth ; colour dull orange 
yellow, dark purple, and chocolate browm or purple within. Length and 
breadth about three-eighths of an inch. Found on the coasts of Dorset- 
shire, and St. Ives, Cornwall. 
4. T. tenehrosus, pi. X, f. 18, 19. — First Ed., pi. 46, f. 18, 19 ; Montagu, 
p, 303 ; Turton, British Fauna, p. 179 ; Bro-wn, Ency, Brit., VI, p. 453 ; 
Fleming, British Animals, p. 298 ; Pulteney, in Hutchins’ Dorsetshire, pi. 
l8, f. 16. 
Shell strong, short, conic ; body large ; spire short, consisting of four 
ventricose, deeply-diNuded volutions, terminating in a rather obtuse apex ; 
aperture suborbicular ; dark purplish-brown vdthin ; outer lip thin, except 
at the lower angle where it spreads a little, and from thence continues to 
thicken on the pfllar lip ; colour rich fawn, beautifully mettled with deep 
chocolate-brovTi, or reddish-brown. Length half an inch; breadtli not 
three-eighths. Found on the coasts of Devonshire and Kent. It lives on 
rocks and mud near high-water-mark, and even in ditches subject to the 
daily flux of the tide. 
5. T. peirceus, pi. X, f. 17. — First Ed., pi. 46, f. 17 ; Selix petresa, Flem- 
ing, Brit. An., p. 298 ; Montagu, p. 403 ; Pulteney, in Hutchins’ Hist. Dor- 
setshire, pi. 18, f. 13; Turton, British Fauna, p. 180. 
Shell strong, conic, opaque, dark purplish-brown ; body large ; spire 
short, consisting of four moderately raised volutions, ending in a sharp 
pointed apex ; the volutions are well-defined by the separating line 
which, in the suture of the body, rises upon the base of the superior 
volution, with a slight, abrupt, rugged edge, and does not turn inwards 
and become obsolete at the junction of the spire, as is usual with most 
turbinated species ; the whole surface is covered with faint, irregular, 
longitudinal lines of growth, and which, in the under part of the body 
above the aperture, is quite plain ; aperture a little semilunar ; outer lip 
considerably produced, with an attenuated margin ; pillar lip smooth, flat, 
and diagonally reflected on the columella, the whole length of the aper- 
ture ; this, as well as the inside, and corneous operculum, is of a deep- 
glossy, reddish-purple ; inner lip straight, and brought to an edge. 
Length rather more than a quarter of an iueh ; breadth two-tenths of an 
inch. 
Inhabits rocks below high-water-mark, on the south coast of Devonshire, 
near the mouth of the Auu, not far from the village of Bantum, at Swan- 
age, Dorsetshire, and is plentiful on the Basaltic Columns at the mouth of 
Fingal’s Cave, Island of StaflFa. 
There is a variety with the upper part of the body blotched and striated 
with white and reddish-brown, but the smooth part of the pillar lip and 
inside are invariably of the same dark purple colour. 
6. T. labiatus, pi. X, f. 20, 21. — First Ed., pi. 46, f. 20, 21. 
Shell thin, short, subconic, body extremely large, and spire very small, 
being only a sixth of the length of the body, and consisting of three some- 
what inflated volutions, terminating in an obtuse apex ; aperture subrotimd 
very large, deep sienna-brown within ; outer lip thin and expanding, with 
a pale chestnut edge ; pillar lip white, very broadly reflected on the colu- 
mella, with a slight subumbilicus in its centre ; venter a little depressed ; 
a few extremely indistinct spiral wrinkles on the body, and crossed by 
extremely faint lines of growth; colour pale chestnut or fawn, beautifully 
clouded or blotched with purple. Length half an inch; breadth three- 
eighths. Discovered at Penzance, Cornwall, by General Bingham. 
We have since received a variety from the same locality of a pale chestnut 
colour, inclining to green, destitute of any markings. 
7. T. Ventricosus. 
Shell rather thin, smooth, conic, ventricose, body large, and the spire 
small, measuring only a third of the length of the body, consisting of four 
inflated, deeply-separated volutions, and terminating in a rather obtuse apeX; 
the superior part of the body and volutions of the spire somewhat flattened 
above, giving them a subcarinated appearance ; aperture subrotund, dark 
burnt-umber browm within ; outer lip thin, slightly inflected, and of a rich 
fawn colour at the edge ; pillar lip broadly reflected on the columella, a 
little concave in the centre, and of a brownish-purple colour; the whole ex- 
terior sui’face covered with zig-zag markings of a deep reddish-brown, and 
dull wood-brown, yellowish towards the margin of the lip ; a few obsolete 
lines of growth can be distinguished crossing the body. Length nearly five 
eighths of an inch ; breatlth nearly half an inch. Fomrd by James Mac- 
donald, Esq., adliering to stones near high- water-mark, in Clew Bay, County 
of Mayo, on the west coast of Ireland. 
VVe have also received a variety, which is obsoletely sulcated spirally on 
the body ; with the apex a little more acute, and the depression on the 
upper part of the volutions less conspicuous, and having a pale buff-coloured 
spiral band on the upper margin of the body and volutions, close to the 
sxiture, and terminating in the apex. 
This shell is somewhat allied to both the Turbo tenebrosus and labiatus ; 
it differs from the former in being less elongated, and in tire body being 
much larger in proportion to the spire ; and from the latter in the body 
being less in proportion to the spire, and in the aperture being greatly 
smaller. 
8. T. dispar, pi, X, f. 22. — First Ed., pL 46, f. 22 ; Montagu, Linn. 
Trans., XI, p. 195, pi, 13, f. 4. 
Shell strong, short, conic ; spire extremely small, consisting of three very 
flat volutions, separated by a fine suture ; body very large, being five times 
the length of the spire, obsoletely striated in a spiral direction, obliquely 
■svrinkled, longitudinally, and subcarinated at the base; aperture suborbi- 
cidar, dark purplish-brown within ; outer lip thin, extending high upon 
the body, and not continuous ; pillar lip very broadly reflected on the colu- 
mella, and longitudinally concave ; colour blueish-gray, with one pale band 
near the lower extremity of the lip within. The volutions of the spire are 
usually decorticated. Length a quarter of an inch ; breadth somewhat less. 
Found at Poole, Dorsetshire, by the Rev. Wm. Bingley ; and has since been 
met with on the rocks near the Giant's Causeway, west coast of Ireland. 
This species has some similitude to Turbo ziczac, but is proportionally 
shorter, more obtuse, has a greater disproportion between the body and spire 
and is destitute of the zigzag markings of that species. It is provided with 
a corneous operculum, of a dusky -brown colour. 
9. T. ziczac, pi. X, f. 26, 27— First Ed., pi. 46, f. 26. 27 : Turbo ziczac 
Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 160, pi. 4, f. 14 ; Montagu, Sup. 
p. 135 ; Lister’s Conchology, pi. 583, f. 38 ; Trochus ziczac, Gmeliu’s Linue 
j). 3587 ; Chemnitz, Couch., V, pi. 166. f. 1599. 
Shell conic ; spire very short, consisting of five white, or purplish-wliite, 
compressed volutions, separated by a fine suture, and ending in an acute 
apex, marked with equiistant, longitudinal, undidated, purple, or brown- 
ish-purple lines , body large in proportion to the spire, wide and subcari- 
nated at the base ; aperture subovate. Length half an inch ; breadth more 
than a quarter. 
Montagu says; “ This species is subject to some variation in colour. A 
small variety, without the zigzag lines, has been found near Sunderland by 
Lady Wilson.” 
10. T. quadrifasciatus, pL X, f. 35. — First Ed., pi. 46, f. 35 ; Maton 
and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 167 ; Montagu, p. 328, pi. 20, f. 7 ; 
Brown, Ency. Brit., VI, p. 455; Ibid, in Wernerian Memoirs, IL, j). 
522. 
Shell strong, smooth, subpellucid, subconic ; spire short, consisting of 
three rounded, depressed volutions, and terminating in an obtuse apex ; 
body very large, being nearly double the length of the spire ; colour white 
or yellowish-white, with four yellowish-brown, or reddish-brown, trans- 
verse bands on the body, and generally two on the lower volution of the 
spire. In some specimens the bands are united, and form two broad 
