MOLLUSCA. 
15 
Involute.] 
duced, and considerably inflated volutions, well defined by the line of the 
suture, and ending in an acute apex ; spire long ; body about one-third the 
length of the spire ; aperture semiovate, slightly contracted above ; outer 
lip thin, smooth ; pUlar lip narrowly reflected on the columella. Length a 
little more than a tenth of an inch ; breadth about a fourth of its length. 
Found at Dunbar, by General Bingham. In his Cabinet. 
13. P. acuiisshnus, pi. IX, f. 36. — First Ed., pi. 50, f. 36. 
Shell white, with eight somewhat inflated, well divided volutions, tapering 
abruptly to a flue point ; spirally striated ; aperture semiovate ; outer lip a 
little thickened ; inner lip slightly reflected on the columella, behind which 
is a small subumbilicus. Length a tenth of an inch ; breadth one-third its 
length. Found on Belton Sands, near Dunbar, by General Bingham, and 
in his Cabinet. 
14. P. Lamarchi, pi. IX, f. 39.— First Ed., pi. 50, f. 39. 
Shell white, glossy, turreted, and tapering gradually to an obtuse apex ; 
six volutions, separated by a thread-like line in the suture ; the body and 
three lower ones with five close-set, longitudinal ribs ; aperture suboval ; 
outer lip, smooth, even ; pillar lip slightly reflected on the columella, 
behind which is a very small subumbilicus. Length an eighth of an inch ; 
breadth not a third of its length. Found at Belton Sands, by General 
Bingham, and in his Cabinet. 
15. P. niiidmimus, pi. IX, f. 54. — Pyramis nitidissimus. First Ed., pi. 50, 
f. 54 ; Turbo nHidiss7p.us, Montagu, p. 299, pi. 12, f. 1 ; Maton and Racket, 
Linn. Trans., VlII, p. 175; Turritella nUidissima, Fleming, Brit. Ann.» 
p. 304. 
Shell smooth, pellucid, white, with nine extremely slender, greatly raised, 
and much rounded volutions, terminating in an obtuse apex, with a deep 
suture ; aperture suborbicular ; outer lip thin ; inner lip slightly reflected on 
the columella. Length one-eighth of an inch. 
16. P. larctus, pi. IX, f. 58. — First Ed., pi. 50, f. 58. 
Shell white, subfusiform, consisting of ten abruptly tapering volutions, 
terminating in an acute apex, and well defined by the line of the suture ; 
body ventricose, nearly equal to the length of the spire ; the whole shell 
furnished with numerous, depressed, not very distinct, longitudinal ribs ; 
aperture subrotund ; outer lip thin, produced ; pillar lip very slightly re- 
flected on the columella. Length an eighth of an inch ; breadth not quite 
half its length. I found this species at Belton Sands, near Dimbai’. 
17. P. spiroUnus, pi. IX, f. 66. — First Ed., pi. 50, f. 66. 
Shell white, abruptly tapering, with seven deeply divided, somewhat 
triangular volutions, with a subcarina near the lower margin of each, from 
whence they suddenly oblique towards the suture ; provided with about 
fourteen rather strong, longitudinal ribs, and these are crossed by numerous, 
rather wide, spiral striae, giving the shell a cancellated appearance ; aperture 
suboval, slightly contracted above ; outer lip thin ; pillar lip reflected on the 
columella. Length somewhat more than an eighth of an inch ; breadth 
about half its length. I found this interesting species on the beach at St. 
Cyrus, Kincardineshire, immediately imder Kirkside House, the seat of 
Major-General Sir Joseph Stratton. 
18. P. viteatus, pi. VIII, f. 29. — First Ed., pi. 51, f. 29. 
Shell crcam-white, smooth, shining, consisting of nine well-rouuded, not 
very deeply-divided volutions, abruptly tapering to an acute apex ; each 
volution furnished with a broad, yeUowish-brown band in its centre, vdth 
two narrow lines of the same colour above it ; the body provided with 
two broad bands, the one in its centre, and the other on its base, parallel 
with the outer lip; between these there is a very narrow line of the same 
colour, and two above the superior band ; aperture oblong-ovate, a little 
contracted both above and below ; outer lip thin, not continuous above ; 
pillar lip slightly reflected on the columella. Length somewhat more than 
an eighth of an inch ; breadth about a third of its lengths This elegant 
and beautiful species was discovered by General Bingham on Belton Sands, 
near Dunbar, and we have found it since in the same locality. 
12. P. truncatus, pi. VIII, f. 31. 31. — ^First Ed., pi. 50, f. 31 ; Turbo 
truncataa, Montagu, p. 300, pi. 10, f. 7 ; Turritella truncata, Fleming, 
Brit. An., p. 303 ; Turbo nitidus, Adams, Linn. Trans., Ill, p. 65. 
Shell cylindrical, smooth, glossy, pellucid, horn-coloured ; consisting of 
four lengthened, considerably raised volutions, deeply divided by the line 
of the suture, terminating in a truncated apex ; the whole shell covered with 
strong longitudinal strise ; Aperture ovate ; outer lip thin ; pillar lip much 
reflected on the columella. Length two-tenths of an inch ; breadth one- 
third its length. Found on the shore at Southampton and Plymouth, in 
both of which localities it is not uncommon ; it has also been sparingly met 
with on the Devonshire coast, and at Weymouth, Dorsetshire. 
20. P. cingillus, pi. IX, f. 73. — First Ed., pi. 50, f. 73 ; Turbo cingillus, 
Montagu, p. 328, p. 12, f. 7 ; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 165 ; 
Cingula cingilla, Fleming, Brit. An., p. 309. 
Shell conical, subpeUucid, with six weU-rounded volutions, abruptly 
tapering to a moderately pointed apex ; body a fifth part longer than the 
spire, usually with six alternating bands of hom-colour and chestnut ; 
sometimes they are purple, or purplish-brown and white alternately ; volu- 
tions of the spire with only two bands, frequently becoming obsolete at the 
tip, which is uniformly brown ; the whole shcU with obscure spiral strise, 
which are very conspicuous at the base ; aperture siiboval, a little contracted 
above ; outer lip thin ; inner lip reflected on the coliunella. Length an 
eighth of an inch ; breadth not more than a third of itsTength. Found at 
Plymouth, and Salcomb Bay, Devonshire, the Frith of Forth, at Dunbar, 
Dublin Bay, and Portmarnock, Ireland. 
21. P. simUimus. — Turbo similimus, pi. IX, f. 83 ; Montagu, Sup. p. 136 ; 
Laskey, Wernerian Memoirs, I, p. 406, pL 8, f. 15. 
“Shell slender, white, with eight or nine volutions, furnished with 
fourteen ribs, or elevated strise ; these stand straight in the line of the 
shell ; apex pointed ; base destitute of strise ; aperture subovate. Length 
three-eighths of an inch. 
“ This has much the habit of Turbo (Pyramis) elegantissimus, but is not 
so slender, the ribs are less numerous, and consequently more distant, the 
sulci or depressions being larger than the elevations. Those who have an 
opportunity of comparing these two shells will also observe that the ribs in 
P. elegantissimus do not run straight, but oblique to the right, are not so 
much arched, and are larger than the interstices. Discovered by Captain 
Laskey to inhabit the shores of the Island of Jura.” — Montagu. 
Genus XIX. — Turbo. — Linnaeus. 
Shell conoid, or sub-turriculated ; aperture entire, round ; margin of the 
outer lip disunited ; columella arcuated, depressed, but not truncated at the 
base ; aperture provided with a testaceous operculum. 
Subdivision I. — Destitute of an Umbilicus. 
1. T. littoreus, pi. X, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. — First Ed., pi. 46, figs. 
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ; Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, II, p. 1232 ; Donovan, 
I, pi. 33, f. 1, 2 ; Montagu, p. 301 ; Da Costa, p. 98, pi. 6, f. 1-1 ; Brown, 
Ency. Brit., VI, p. 423 ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 298 ; Brown, Wernerian Me- 
moirs, 11, p. 521 ; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 158, pi. 4, 
figs. 8, 9, 10, 11. 
Shell very thick, suboval ; the body large in proportion to the spire, 
which consists of four or five slightly raised volutions, separated by a very 
fine suture, and ending in a somewhat obtuse apex ; aperture suborbicular ; 
outer lip rather thin, a little reflected in fuU-grown shells ; piUar lip white, 
broad, and thickened at the edge ; the whole shell thickly covered with 
strong, irregular, spiral strife, with numerous lines of growth, producing a 
somewhat undulated appearance in the strife ; colour russet, yellowish- 
brown, or drab, with transverse spiral bands of black, or purplish-brown ; 
sometimes it is entirely of a rich orange, or approaching to scarlet, and in 
others these colours have zones of black. Length varying from an inch to 
an inch and five-eighths ; breadth from six-eighths to an inch and a quarter- 
Found on almost aU the British and Irish coasts, betwixt lugh and low- 
water mark. 
This species is subject to very great variety in form, colour, and markings, 
as may be seen by our different representations; the strise in some arenumeror 
and small, others are deeply sulcated, with sharp ridges, and a litt. 
reflexed. In adults the strise become less distinct. 
This shell is well known in all the towns on the coast, by the name o^ 
Periwinkle, and is sold by measme as an article of food. 
2. T. radis, pi. X, figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 25. — First Ed., pi. 46, 
figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, and 25 ; Donovan, I, p. 33, f. 3 ; Maton and Racket, 
Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 159, pi. 4, figs, 12, 13; Brown, Ency. Brit., VI, 
p. 453 ; Montagu, 304 ; Brown, Wernerian Memoirs, II, p. 521 ; Fleming, 
Brit. An., p. 298. 
Shell thick, strong, body large, spire short, somewhat depressed, and 
consisting of four moderately-rounded and weU-defined volutions, ter- 
