10 
MOLLUSCA. 
[Trachelipoda. 
Monta^ mentions a variety with two bro^vn bands on the body, found by 
him at Southampton, where it is not uncommon. 
4. P. crassior, pi. X, f. 43. — First Ed., pi. 46, f. 43 ; Turho crassiov, Montagu, 
p. 309, pi. 20, f. 1 ; Maton and Eacket, Liun. Trans., VIII, p. 159 ; Fleming, 
Brit. An., p. 299 ; Twho pallidus, Donovan, V, pi. 178, f. 4 ; Walker, f. 24. 
Shell strong, thick, opaque, conic, with five rounded volutions, flattened 
above, and subcarinated, separated by a deep suture, and terminating in an 
acute ajDex ; body with a few indistinct, nearly obsolete, spiral striae ; aperture 
sub-orbicular, white ; pillar lip slightly wrinkled ; outer lip rather thin ; colour 
cream-white, covered by a yellowish-brown epidermis. 
This species is nearly allied to P. canalis, but may readily be distinguished 
from it, being longer in proportion to its breadth, in its volutions being more 
produced, and the body shorter in proportion to the superior volutions. In the 
young state there are sometimes indications of a groove and umbilicus at the 
base of the columella, biit which is always closed up in the adult condition. 
Inhabits the coast of Sandwich, Biddeford Bay, and the coast of Wales ; 
plentiful in the Frith of Forth and Dublin Bay. 
5. P. scripta, pi. IX, f. 21. — First Ed., pi. 50, f. 21 ; Maton and Eacket, 
Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 185; Adams, Linn. Trans., Ill, p. 66, pi. 13, f. 17-18. 
Shell smooth, opaque ; .spire with two rounded, deeply-divided volutions ; 
apex obtuse : body large, nearly three times the length of the spire ; aperture 
sub-rotund ; body with throe brown lines, or bands, resembling characters, 
such as those on the Licftens sa-iptus, which, however, can only be distinguished 
by the aid of a lens, as they appear continuous to the naked eye. Inhabits the 
coast of Pembrokeshire. 
6. P. cornea, pi. X, f. 47. — First Ed., pi. 46, f. 47. 
Shell smooth, taper ; spire consisting of five slightly divided volutions termi- 
nating in an acute apex ; body nearly double the length of the spire ; aperture 
semi-ovate, pillar lip slightly reflected on the columella, and broadest beneath ; 
outer lip thin, a little reflected, colour I’eddishfawn. Length upwards of .seven- 
eighths of an inch ; breadth of body three-eighths. I found this shell at Porto- 
bello, near Edinburgh. In Lady Jardine’s Cabinet. 
7. P. stylifera, pi. X, f. 40-41. — First Ed., pi. 46, f. 40-41. Turton, in Zoo- 
logical Jormnal, II, p. 367, pi. 13, f. 11. 
Shell oval, yellowish hom-colour, transparent, with five smooth volutions, 
the body one being very tumid, and those of the spire extremely small, and 
diminishing abruptly, terminating in an acute point ; aperture sub-orbicular, 
with the margin disunited at top, and extremely thin, destitute of an opercu- 
lum ; towards the pillar side, the colour becomes more intensely rufous. Length 
a line, breadth ot so much. 
Dr Turton says, “ The sudden and extremely minute volume of the three 
aiDical volutions — ^in this respect resembling the Volnta hulloides — distinguishes 
it from all the other minute turbinated shells.” 
A dozen specimens of this pretty shell were found adhering to the spines of 
the Echinus esculentus, dredged up in Torbay by Dr Tui-ton. 
8. P. fasdatcij'pl. X, f. 54. — First Ed., pi. 46, f. 54. Helix Jasciata. Adams, 
pLinn. Trans., V, p. 5, pi. 1, f. 20-21 ; Montagu, p. 446. 
Shell thin, smooth, white, with thi-ee volutions ; the body one ventricose ; 
the spire depressed ; apertiire dilated, columella sub-umbilicated ; the body 
with three transverse bands of a rich marone colour, the middle one broad,and 
the lateral ones narrow. Length an eighth and a half of an inch. Inhabits 
the coast of Pembrokeshire. 
9. P. hifasciaia, pi. X, f. 44-45. — First Ed., pi. 46, f. 44-45. 
Shell smooth, ventricose, consisting of four volutions ; the spire very short, 
and body very large and roxinded ; volutions distinctly dmded ; aperture semi- 
ovate, narrow above, and rounded below ; outer lip thin, expanding ; pillar lip 
broadly reflected on the columella, with an oblong furrow in its centre ; apex 
somewhat obtuse ; colour cream-white ; body with two very broad umber- 
bro\vn bands which are visible inside of the aperture, and the volutions with 
one each at their base. Length three-eighths of an inch. Found at Porto - 
hello, adhering to Algae, by General Bingham. 
10. P. striata, pi. X, f. 49.— First Ed., pi. 46, f. 49. 
Shell smooth, horn-coloured ; spire small, consisting of two well defined volu- 
tions, apex rather obtuse ; body elongated ; taper at the base, with very 
minute spiral striae, not discernible but by the aid of a lens ; aperture oblong- 
ovate, pointed at both extremities ; outer lip somewhat expanded, thickened, 
inflected above, and thin below ; pillar lip reflected on the columella, with an 
elongated sub-umbilicus on its centre. Length a quarter of an inch ; breadth 
about an eighth. Found at the Eock of St Skae, Forfarshire. 
Genus XVII. — Rissoa. — Besonarest. 
Shell univalve, spiral, oblong, or turreted ; not umbilicated, 
often ribbed ■ aperture entire, oval, oblique, dilated, rather an- 
gular above, and with a slight sinus at the base ; lips entirely or 
nearly united, the outer one often thickened, its edges not re- 
flected ; with a testaceous operculum. 
1. P. calafhisca, pi. IX, f. 4 . — Pyramis calathiscus ; First Ed., pi. 50, f. 4 ; 
Turbo calathiscus, Montagu, Sup. p. 132, pi. 30, f. 5; Cingula calathisca ; Flem- 
ing, Brit. An., p. 305. 
Shell conic ; spire with five abruptly tapering volutions ; on the body are 
eight transverse spiral series of tubercles : on the lowei- volution of the spire 
four rows, and afterwards one less on each succeeding volution, and lost in the 
apex, which is acute ; the whole shell has a fine cancellated appearance to the 
naked eye ; aperture suborbicular, margin white ; the outer lip denticulated 
within ; no reflection of the inner lip on the columella ; colour deep burnt 
umber-brown. Length a quarter of an inch ; breadth more than half its length. 
Inhabits the shores of the Island of Jura, one of the Hebrides. 
2. P. tumcula, pi. IX, f. 18 — Pyramis tunuculus ; First Ed., pi. 50, f. 18. 
Shell subconic ; spire about half the length of the body, with four turreted, 
slightly raised volutions, tapering to rather an obtuse apex ; aperture semiova te, 
somewhat pointed above ; outer lip thin, continuous with the inner lip, which 
is broadly reflected on the columella ; the body and two under volutions with 
strong, smooth, glossy, longitudinal ribs ; colour rusty-brown, inside pinkish- 
brown. Length not quite a quarter of an inch ; breadth about two-thirds its 
length. Found by the Eev. Dr. Goodall, late Provost of Eton College, on the 
Devonshire coast. In 'his Cabinet. 
3. P. lahiosa, pi. VIII, f . 19. — Pyramis labiosus ; First Ed., pi. 51, f. 19 ; 
Turbo labiosus; Maton andlUicket, Linn. Trans., VIII, p. 164; Helix labiosa, 
Montagu, p. 400, pi. 13, f. 7 ; Cingula labiosa ; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 307. 
Shell subconic, subpellucid, of a light horn colour ; spire with six, and some- 
times seven flattish volutions, separated by a fine suture, terminating in an 
acute apex, which is frequently of a purplish colour ; body about double the 
length of the spire ; provided with from twelve to fifteen faint ribs on the three 
under volutions ; upper volutions of the spire smooth ; aperture placed slightly 
oblique, extremely glossy within, semiovate ; outer lip white, much expanded, 
and thickened within, with its margins thin, and a little reflexed, and usually 
of a purplish-brown ; the back a little gibbous, and generally whiter than the 
rest of the shell ; pillar lip considerably reflected on the columella, which is 
undulated within, forming a small elevation, somewhat like an obsolete tooth. 
Length rather more than a quarter of an inch ; breadth about half its length. 
Found at Falmouth and various other places in Cornwall, Devonshire, and 
Welsh coasts, and Frith of Forth. 
4. It. obtusa, pi. IX, f. 27, 2S.— Pyramis obtusus ; First Ed., pi. 50, f. 27, 28. 
Shell strong, glossy, white, and opaque, with four inflated well defined vo- 
lutions ; body very lai'ge m proportion to the spire, which terminates in an ob- 
tuse smooth depressed volution ; the whole shell with thick, longitudinal, 
numerous, slightly w'aved ribs, strongly striated transveraely, giving it a some- 
what tuberculated[appearance ; aperture obliquely ovate ; outer lip very strong, 
separated from the body at its upper margin, continuous both above and below ; 
inner lip reflected on the columella, narrowish above, and widening as it de- 
scends, with a slight sub-umbilicus. Length a tenth of an inch ; breadth two 
thirds its length. Found at St. Fergus’ Bay, Peterhead, by General Bingham, 
and in his Cabinet. 
5. Jt. Binghami, pi. IX, f. 29 . — Pyramis Bing Jiamij First Ed., pi. 50, f. 29. 
Shell with six volutions gradually tapering to an obtuse apex; and separated 
by a threadlike suture, which becomes obsolete in the upper volutions, with 
strong depressed longitudinal ribs, whichreach only to the junction of the outer 
lip on the body ; apex smooth, with distant transverse striue, producing a can- 
cellated appearance ; from the junction of the lip the lower part of the body is 
provided with very distinct close-set transverse strire, which continue to the 
base of the shell, and so strong as almost to be entitled to be called ribs, and 
even cross the inner lip at top ; these are seen in the interior of the shell 
through the aperture, and also on the outer lip ; aperture semiovate, a little 
sti'aitened above ; outer lip strong ; inner lip narrow above, and gradually 
widening as it descends ; whole shell of a deep flesh colour. Length an eighth 
and a half of an inch ; breadth half its length. Found at St. Fei-gus’ Bay, 
near Peterhead, by General Bingham. 
6. B. conifera, pi. iX, f. 68. — First Ed., pi. 50, f. 68 ; Turbo conifems ; Mon- 
tagu, p. 314, pi. 15, f. 2; Maton and Eacket, Linn. Trans., VllI, p. 173; Cingula 
conifera', Fleming. Brit. An.,p. 306. 
Shell strong, taper white, provided with six volutions, terminating in rather 
an obtuse smooth apex ; the whole shell furnished with about twelve undulating 
ribs, interrupted only by a fine suture ; the interstices between them, at the 
top of each volution, are formed into small cavities, producing a scolloped 
or denticulated appearance, and is continuous throughout the suture ; the ribs 
are crossed by minute close-set transverae strise, which can only be seen by 
the aid of a lens ; aperture oval, oblique ; outer lip strong, continuous ; pillar 
lip broadly reflected on the columella. Length a quarter of an inch ; breadth 
a third of its length. Found at Weymouth, Dorsetshire. 
7. R. sulcata, pi. IX, f. 69. —Pyramis sulcatus ; First Ed., pi. 50, f. 69. 
Shell thick, white, and glossy, with six volutions, those of the si:)ire but 
slightly raised, and tapering to rather an obtuse apex; with fourteen or fif- 
teen longitudinal ribs ; body nearly double the length of the spire ; aperture 
oblong oval ; outer lip thick, broad, and somewhat flattened in front, and con- 
tinuous; pillar lip narrow above, and gradually widening as it descends. Length 
three-eighths of an inch ; breadth about half its length. Found at Dunbar by 
General Bingham. 
8. R. fuscata, pi. IX, f. " 12 .— Pyramis fuscatus ; First Ed., pi. 50, f. 72. 
