I:!^VOLUTE ] 
MOLLUSCA. 
7 
strias. Length three-eighths of an inch, breadth about an inch ; colour pale 
chestnut brown. We found this off St. Abb’s Head, Frith of Forth. — In our 
own Cabinet. 
13. F. crassus, pi. V, f. 8-9. — First Ed., pi. 48, f. 8-9. 
Shell thick, strong, smooth, fusiform ; spire consisting of five volutions, 
abruptly tapering to rather an obtuse apex ; with ten nearly straight, 
smooth, longitudinal, white ribs, which do not reach the base in front ; body 
and spire nearly of equal length ; aperture elongated, radiform, much 
narrowed both above and below ; outer lip plain, inner lip slightly reficcted 
on the columella ; colour white, with a very broad dark chestnut spiral belt, 
girdling the centre of the body, and extending to the apex, at the base of the 
volutions. Length nearly half an inch, breadth not half its length. We 
found this species at Prestonpans, near Edinburgh. — In Lady Jardine’s 
Cabinet. 
14. F. nttemcafus, pi. V, f. 37-38. — First Ed., pi. 48, f. 37-38; Montagu 
p. 260, pi. 9, f. 6. 
Shellj very fusiform, slender, consisting of eight volutions ; spire as long 
as the body, tapering vorj' abruptly to a fine point ; the volutions well de- 
fined by the suture ; with nine equidistant, strong, elevated, smooth, longi- 
tudinal arcuated ribs, rising in the middle of each volution ; lower p.art of 
the body much attenuated ; aperture narrow, considerably contracted at the 
canal, which is long and straight ; outer lip thickened at the back by a rib ; 
inner lip plain ; colour pale yellowish white. Length half an inch, breadth 
little more than an eight. Found in sand at Falmouth Harbour, Biddeford 
Bay, South Wales, and at Dunbar. 
15. F. gracilis, pi. Y, f. 16-17. — First Ed., pi. 48, f. 16-17 ; Murex gracilis ; 
Montagu, p. 267, pi. 15 , f. 5 ; Murex emarginatus ; Donovan, pi. 169, f, 2. 
Shell fu^iform, slender ; body and spire of equal length, tapering to a fine 
point ; volutions ten. with eleven or twelve rather close, longitudinal, convexly 
arcuated ribs, which do not continue throughout the shell, but are separated 
at the suture of the spire by a flat space, at which point the strice are unin- 
teiTuptedly continued spirally throughout the shell ; the whole shell crossed 
by numerous strife ; the ribs do not extend to the base of the body, where 
the stricB are stronger and more distant ; canal moderately long, ascending ; 
outer lip a little spread, margin arcuated ; inner lip very slightly thickened ; 
colour purplish brown. Length, seven-eighths of an inch, breadth two-eighths. 
Found in Bidileford Bay, Devonshire, at Tenby, Wales, and in Dublin Bay. 
16. F. Fehuln, pi. V, f. 10. — First Ed., pi. 48, f. 10 ; M. Nebula ; Montagu, 
p. 267, pi. 15, f. 6 ; Murex ncuminatus ; Pennant, IV, pi. 79. 
Shell with taper, costatod volutions, terminating in a sharp pointed apex ; 
longitudinally and spirally striate, giving it a reticulated appearance ns if 
covered with gauze ; volutions rather depressed, scfircely elevated above the 
ribs ; the suture very fine ; aperture narrow, oblong-oval, the canal turning 
a little to the one side ; outer lip sharp ; inner lip replicate, smooth, glossy ; 
colour various, sometimes yellowish white, at others pale brownish, purplish, 
or rufous ; but the most beautiful variety is of a bluish colour, with the decus- 
sated striae white. Length half an inch, breadth two-tenths. Found at 
Falmouth, the south coast of Devonshire, particularly at Biddeford Bay, 
Tenby, and Laugharne, Wales, Portmarnock, and Dublin Bay, Ireland. 
17. F. septangnlaris, pi. V, f. 11. — First Ed., pi. 48, f. 11. 
Shell with seven or eight taper, longitudinally ribbed, strong volutions, 
terminating in an acute apex ; the ribs are seven in number, running from 
the base to the tip of the spire, scarcely interrupted by the suture; the inter- 
mediate spaces are but moderatel)' concaved, which gives the shell a hep- 
tagonal appearance ; aperture oblong-oval, ending in a short canal ; oirter 
lip sharp at the edge, thickened at the back by a ridge, the upper part con- 
tracted to an angle, where the margin is a little indented; pillar lip somewhat 
replicated; colour purplish brown, and somewhat glossy. Found at Fal- 
mouth, Salcomb Bay, Weymouth, and the south coast of Devonshire. 
18. F. acemetus, pi. Y, f. 14-15. — First Ed., pi. 48, f. 14-15 ; Murex accinc- 
tus; Montagu, Sup. p. 114. 
Shell taper, with six or seven costated volutions ; the ribs are slightly 
angulated, or more elevated in the middle of each volution, with fine spiral 
striaj ; aperture oblong ; canal short ; lip entire at the upper angle ; colour 
yellowish white, with an obsolete brown band in the middle of the body, 
which continues up the spire of the shell, at the base of each volution ; this 
band, when examined with a lens, is observed to be constituted of four or 
five contiguous thread-like lines of a brown colour, in the depressions between 
the striae. Length four lines; breadth one line. Found in the Frith of 
Forth by Captain Laskey. 
19. F. rufus, pi. V, f. 47-48. — First Ed., pi. 48, f. 47-48 ; Murex rufus ; 
Montagu, p. 263. Maton and Backet, Linn. Trans., YIII, p. 144. 
Shell taper, fusiforn ; spire consisting of five volutions ; fifteen or sixteen 
longitudinal ribs extend from the base to the apex, the whole shell covered 
with very fine spiral strim ; aperture narrow, oblong, terminating in a short 
canal ; outer lip smooth, rarely thickened by a rib ; pillar lip smooth, 
covered by the ribs ; colour pale rufous brown, sometimes chestnut. Length 
three-tenths of an inch ; breadth one-eighth. Found at Sandwich, Bidde- 
ford Bay, Devonshire, Dorsetshire, coast of Wales, and Portmarnock, 
Ireland. 
20. F. proximus, pi. Y, f. 34. — First Ed., pi. 48, f. 34. Montagu, Sup. p. 
118, pi. 30, f. 8. 
Shell thick, white, with six strongly costated volutions ; apex moderately 
pointed; aperture ovate- oblong ; outer lip remarkably broad, and reflexed; 
the canal short, and rather spreading at the end. Length nearly half an 
inch. 
This figure and description are taken from Montagu, who says, “ shell 
might readily be mistaken for an extraordinary growth of Murex (Fusus) 
costatus, but it differs materially from that species in the number of rib?, 
being possessed of eleven on the body or lower volution, whereas the costatus 
never has more than eight, and usually only seven, and these are broader. 
Found by Captain Laskey, on Tyningham Sands, near Dunbar. 
We have not been able to identify this with any of the species met with in 
the Frith of Forth ; it differs from them all in the shortness of the aperture, 
in proportion to the length of the body ; in this respect the nearest approach 
to it is the following : — 
21. F. Albus, pi. Y, f. 61-62. — First Ed., pi. 48, f. 61-62. 
Shell white, fusiform ; spire consisting of five abruptly-tapering volution?, 
with ten longitudinal smooth ribs ; the interstices with very fine, close-set 
spiral striae ; apex smooth ; aperture oblong, terminating in a very short 
canal; outer lip thickened, smooth ; pillar lip smooth. Length three-eighths 
of an inch; breadth about an eighth. Found at Dunbar by General Bing- 
ham. Yery rare, 
22. F. purpureus, pi. Y, f. 25. — First Ed., pi. 48, f. 25 ; Murex purpureus ; 
Montagu, p. 260, pi. 9, f. 3 ; JMaton and Racket, Linn. Trans., YIII, p. 143. 
Shell strong, very rugose; spire with eight or nine rounded volutions, 
tapering to an extremely fine sharp point; nineteen or twenty longitudinal, 
somewhat oblique ribs, traverse the shell, cro.ssed by numerous sharp elevated 
ridges, which rise into angles upon the ribs, producing sharp protruding 
knobs, giving the shell a cancellated appearance, and feeling very rough to 
the touch ; aperture narrow, oval, terminating in a straight canal ; outer lip 
thin, exteriorly tuberculate, internally striate, and crenated ; columella 
destitute of ribs, obliquely striated transversely, and slightly tuberculate ; 
inside purple, marked by the ribs ; generally of a deep purple or brownish 
purple. Length five eighths of an inch ; breadth a quarter of an inch. Found 
at Salcomb, Devonshire, Tenby, Wales, and Portmarnock, Ireland. 
This is one of the most elegant of our Briti.sh univalves. 
23. F. punctatus, pi. Y. f. 56-57. — First Ed., pi. 48, f. 56-57. 
Shell fusiform, strong, thick, somewhat turreted ; spire with five slightly- 
defined volutions; body' long; the whole shell covered with many regular 
series of square and deep punctures, like those of a thimble ; external sur- 
face smooth, yellowish white ; aperture oblong-ovate, acute above, ending in 
a very short canal interiorly' punctated ; outer lip thickened, slightly tubor- 
culato on its edge ; pillar lip punctated like the rest of the shell. Length 
nearly three-eighths of an inch ; breadth an eighth and a half. Wo found 
this pretty shell at Holy Island, coast of Northumberland. — In Lady Jar- 
dino’s Cabinet. 
24. F. subnigris, pi. Y, f. 58-59. — First Ed., pi. 48, f. 58-59. 
Shell fusiform, spire consisting of five well defined volutions, abruptly 
tapering to a point, and terminating in an obtuse .-ipex ; ten thick longitudi- 
nal ribs traverse the whole shell, crossed by strong distant strim, producing 
a cancellated appearance ; aperture ovate, ending in a very short canal ; 
outer lip smooth, thickened ; base of columella smooth ; colour very dark 
reddish brown, approaching to black in some specimens. Length three- 
tenths of an inch ; breadth about an eight of an inch. We first discovered 
this species at St. Cyrus, Kincardineshire : and it was subsequently' sent to 
us by our late friend General Bingham, who found it plentifully on Fuci, at 
Penzance, Cornwall. 
25. F. (urriculus. pi. Y, f. 51-52. — First Ed., pi. 48, f. 51-52. Montagu, 
p. 262, pi. 9, f. 5 ; Maton and Racket, Linn. Trans., YIII, p. 144. 
Shell fusiform, turreted ; spire occupying about a third of the shell, with 
six or seven volutions, terminating in an acute apex; volutions strongly 
defined, flattened or cylindrical, rising above each other perpendicularly, the 
top of each being almost quite flat, the whole shell covered with numerous, 
rather thin, longitudinal ribs, which suddenly decline towards the suture, on 
the depressed top of each volution, the interstices with very fine close-set 
spiral striae; body sub- cylindrical, abruptly acuminate beneath; aperture 
oblong-ovate, terminating in a rather long, somewhat oblique broad canal ; 
outer lip thin, sometimes thickened by a rib a little angulated towards the 
top, produced by the spiral depression ; inner lip smooth, glossy, and white, 
very broadly reflected on the columella ; colour cream white. Length three 
quarters of an inch; breadth rather more than a quarter. Found at Sand- 
wich, Kent ; Biddeford Bay, Devonshire ; Tenby and Laugharne, Wales ; 
Frith of Forth, and Portmarnock, Ireland. 
26. F. decussatus, pi. Y, f. 53 and 55. — First Ed., pi. 48, f. 53 and 55. 
Shell fusiform; spire short, consisting of five well rounded abruptly tapering 
volutions, separated by a deep suture, and little more than a third the Icngih 
of the body ; twelve strong longitudinal ribs cover the shell from the venter 
to the apex, crossed by distant strong spiral striae, giving the shell a can- 
cellated appearance ; body abruptly acuminate beneath ; aperture sub-ovate, 
terminating in a very long narrow and pointed canal, equal in length to the 
body, the opening in front being very straight ; outer lip somewhat thickened 
and entire, and continuous along the columella, on which it is narrowly re- 
flected ; colour cream white. Length one inch five-eighths ; breadth an 
inch. We found this shell at Killough, county of Down, Ireland. 
27. F. Bamffvus, pi. YI, f. 1 and 4,— First Ed., pi. 47, f. 1 and 4 ; Murex 
Bamffius-, Monta^, Sup. p. 117; Donovan, Y, pi. 169, f. 2; Maton and 
Backet, Linn. Trans., YIII, p. 149. 
Shell fusiform, spire consisting of six well-defined, ventricose, and abniptly 
tapering volutions ; with about sixteen longitudinal sharp, sornewhat oblique, 
