52 
MOLLUSCA. 
[Tbachelipoda 
p. 36, pi. 39, f. 527 ; Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 108, 
No. 22; Forbes, Mai. Mon., p. 10; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. 
Nat. Hist., VI, p. 32; Helix nitida, Drapernaud, p. 117, pi. 3, 
f. 23, 24, 25 ; Brard, p. 34, pi. 2, f. 3, 4 ; Brown, Ency. Brit., 
6th Ed., VI, p. 458 ; Helix nitens, Maton and Rackett, Linn. 
Tr., VIII, p. 198, pi. 5, f. 7 j Brown, Wernerian Mem., II, p. 
525 ; Helix lucida, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 425, pi. 23, f. 4 ; 
Turton, Man., p. 56, pi. 4, f. 40 ; Zonites lucida, Leach, Moll., 
p. 10. 
Shell thin, smooth, glossy, and pellucid, of a yellowish-green 
horn-colour ; body very wide, but short ; spire small, much 
depressed, and very little elevated above the body, consisting 
of four volutions, not deeply divided, but well defined by the 
sutural line, terminating in a blunted apex; base not much 
rounded, furnished with a moderately large and very deep um- 
' bilicus, and of a paler colour than the superior portion ; aper- 
ture luniform, compressed, oblique, its length and width equal ; 
outer lip thin, and not at all reflected. Varying in diameter 
from half an inch to three-quarters. 
This species is almost universally diflused throughout Great 
Britain and Ireland. Its habitat is variable, sometimes being 
found in cellars, — hence its name, — and at other times lurking 
under stones on the sides of roads, or in meadows and fields, 
and always in damp situations. T. W. Warren, Esq., of Dub- 
lin, possesses some very large specimens, measuring seven lines 
and a half in diameter, which he found in drains within the 
City of Dublin. 
33. Helix alliaria, pi. XVH, f. 48 and 52 First Ed., 
pi. 40, f. 48 and 52. 
Helix alliaria, Miller, Ann. Phil., N. S., VH, p. 379 ; Tur- 
ton, Man., p. 56, f. 39; Alder, Mag. Zool. and Bot., H, p. 108; 
Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 32; Helix nitens, 
Sheppard, Linn. Trans., XVI, p. 160; Helix foeteda. Stark, 
Elem. Nat. Hist., H, p. 59; Helix alliacea, JeSreys, Linn. Tr., 
XIH, p. 341 and 511. 
Variety 1 . Larger. 
Helix glabra, Studer ; Ferussac, Prod., No. 215; Alder, 
Mag. Zool. and Bot., 11, p. 108; Rossmassler, VIII, p. 36, pi. 
39, f. 528. 
Variety 2. Greenish-white, and very transparent. 
Shell almost smooth, thin, very glossy, transparent, yellowish 
or a greenish horn-colour ; body large, slightly produced on the 
sides; spire small, consisting of three nearly depressed, but 
deeply divided volutions ; base a little rounded, and whitish ; 
aperture sublunate and suboblique, clasping about two-thirds of 
the body ; whole surface covered with nearly obsolete, longitu- 
dinal wrinkles, which are only visible by the aid of a strong 
lens; umbilicus large and deep. Diameter a quarter of an 
inch ; height about half its circumference. 
This species has much the aspect of H. cellaria, but is only 
about a third of the size ; it is much more glossy and trans- 
parent than either the H. cellaria or nitidula, the aperture is 
less oblique than either, and the umbilicus larger. When alive, 
it has a fetid smell, somewhat resembling garlic. 
Its habitat is in woods and shaded places, under decayed 
leaves, &c. ; and on wet banks, among mosses and jungerman- 
nicB. 
This species is met with in all parts of Britain ; and is plen- 
tiful near Lancaster, the neighbourhood of Durham, and Gis- 
borne Park, Yorkshire ; near Edinburgh, and in Fifeshire, 
Scotland. Jeffreys says he found it so far north as Lerwick, 
in Shetland, near the sea shore under stones. Mr. Thompson 
says that it occurs in Ireland, from the exposed sea shore to the 
mountain side, and in shaded situations in woods. The green 
variety is the most common in Ireland, as well as in Scotland. 
34. Helix nitidula, pi. XVHI,* f. 1, 2. 
Helix nitidula, Drapernaud, p. 117, ph 8, f. 21, 22; Gray, 
Med. Rep., 1821, p. 239; Sheppard, Linn. Trans., XIV, p. 
160; Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XIH, p. 340; Alder, Cat., p. 134, f. 
49; Ib., Mag. Zool. and Bot., H, p. 107; Thompson, Ann. and 
Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 32. 
Variety 1. Helix Helmii, Gilbertson, MSS.; Alder, Local. 
Cat., p. ] 07. 
Shell subpellucid; consisting of four and a half volutions, the 
whole much depressed, those of the spire but little raised, and 
defined by a very slender line, the body one rounded at the 
sides ; apex obtuse ; base a little concave, with a large and deep 
umbilicus, exposing the lower volutions of the spire internally ; 
aperture semilunar ; whole surface with rather strong, longitu- 
dinal wrinkles ; of a dull yellowish-brown above, the base more 
glabrous, except close around the umbilicus, where it is opaque 
and whitish. Diameter about three-tenths of an inch. 
It differs from H. cellaria in being a little more convex 
above, and somewhat more concave below. Its dull aspect 
above is also a well marked character. The opaque white be- 
low is not so much spread as in the former species. 
Found under stones, at the sides of hedges, in England, 
where it is rather local, and in Ireland, where it is generally 
diffused, Mr. Thompson gives its habitat “among mosses, in 
glens and sheltered places ;” and adds, “ from two localities in 
this country (Ireland), I have seen Helices of crystalline trans- 
parency, and in form intermediate between H. nitidula and H. 
alliaria.” 
35. Helix lucida, pi. XVIH,* f. 3, 4. 
Helix lucida, Drapernaud, p. 103, pi. 8, f. 1 1, 12 ; Pfeiffer, 
I, p. 35, pi. 2, f. 18; Von Alten, S. 72, pi. 8, f. 15; Thomp- 
son, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 33 ; Alder, Mag. Zool. 
and Bot., H, p. 107 ; Turton, Man., p. 56, pi. 5, f. 38 ; Brard, 
p. 34, pi. 2, f. 3, 4; Helix nitida. Gray, Med. Rep., 1821, p. 
239. 
Shell dark chocolate-colour when the inhabitant is alive, and 
of a dark horn-colour when extracted, subdepressed; spire 
slightly elevated, consisting of four volutions, finely striated 
longitudinally ; base a little produced, with a large umbilicus, in 
which the second volution is visible ; aperture subrotund. Dia- 
meter about a quarter of an inch. 
This species may be confounded with its congeners, but will 
be distinguished from H. nitidula, cellaria, and alliaria, by its 
greater convexity, its more regular strife, darker colour, and in 
being devoid of the opaque whitish aspect of its base. 
This is a rare and local species. It has been met with near 
Wolverhampton; Tenby, Wales; in the neighbourhood of 
Shrewsbury, and near Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Mr. Thompson 
remarks that it appears to be rare in Ireland, as well as in 
England. He gives as localities, in the rejectamenta of the 
rivers Lagan and Blackwater, near Belfast ; also near Portar- 
lington and Finnoe, north of Tipperary. 
