MOLLUSCA. 
66 
This shell has much the aspect of the following species, but 
differs in the margin being much broader, the whole shell being 
much more oblong, in the valves being longer in proportion to 
their breadth, and also in being more elevated in the middle 
than that shell. 
Found at Newhaven, Mid Lothian, adhering to an oyster, by 
General Bingham. The late Rev. Dr. Goodall, Provost of 
Eton College, found this very elegant species at extreme low 
water-mark, on a stone at Tor Abbey rocks. In his specimen 
the valves were of a dark liver-coloured brown, with a double 
spot of pale green on each ; the transverse striae, which pro- 
duce the shagreened appearance, were exceedingly minute. 
He had mistaken it for the C. Icevis. The magnificent speci- 
men from which fig. 15 as well as fig. 12 were drawn, were dis- 
covered at Oban, Argyleshire, and presented to me by my late 
friend Captain Charles Carmichael, an accurate and zealous 
naturalist. 
6. Chiton ruber, pi. XXI, f. 6 and 9- 
Chiton ruber, First Ed., pi. 35, f. 6 and 9 ; Lowe, Zool. 
Journ., II, p. 101, pi. 5, f. 2; Brown, Ency., p. 401 ; Forbes, 
p. 37. 
Shell carinated ; valves broad, quite smooth, polished, and 
shining, destitute of punctures or granulations, but with nume- 
rous, rather faint, irregular, transverse striaj, or lines of growth, 
which are more determinate on the sides of the valves, where 
they are longitudinal ; margin broad, with irregularly granose, 
or farina-like dots; whole surface with bright reddish-brown, or 
burnt sienna-coloured clouds, spots, or undulations; marginal 
fringe of a light red-colour, and not very distinct; middle valves 
provided with two marginal teeth ; first valve with nine teeth, 
and the termina^ one with ten. Length three-eighths of an 
inch ; breadth about a quarter. 
Found in deep water in the Frith of Forth; on the coasts of 
Argyleshire, Yorkshire, Northumberland, and Durham ; and 
Lough Strangford, Ireland. It is a rare species. 
7. Chiton marginatus, pi. XXI, f. 3. 
Chiton marginatus, First Ed., pi. 35, f. 3 ; Pennant, IV, p. 
71, pi. 36, f. 2 ; Montagu, p. 1 ; Maton and Rackett, p. 21, pi. 
1, f. 2; Brown, Wernerian Mem., II, p. 503; Ib., Ency. Brit., 
p. 403; Ib., Popular Ency., II, p. 378, pi. 17, f. 103; Chiton 
cinereus, Lowe, Zool. Journ., II, p. 99; Forbes, p. 37. 
Shell a little carinated, ovoid ; valves but slightly beaked ; 
whole surface covered with regular, shagreen-like granulations ; 
colour various, frequently dusky, or drab, and sometimes mot- 
tled; marginal ligament with five meal-like, irregular papilli, 
its edges with a minute fringe of a dusky brown-colour ; the 
first valve with about ten marginal teeth, and the terminal one 
with twelve. I.ength about five-eighths of an inch ; breadth 
three-eighths. 
Found in deep water on many of the British coasts, namely, 
Devonshire, Dorsetshire; Friths of Forth and Clyde; and 
Dublin Bay, Ireland. 
8. Chiton cinereus, pi. XXI, f. 18. 
Chiton cinereus, First Ed., pi. 35, f. 18; Montagu, p. 3; 
Fleming, p. 289; Ib., Ency., p. 102; Brown, Ency. Brit., p. 
402; Maton and Rackett, p. 22, pi. 1, f. 3; Forbes, p. 37. 
Shell oval, broad in proportion to its length, the first and 
terminal valves broadly rounded ; valves very slightly elevated 
in the centre, with blunted beaks ; whole shell with fine, irre- 
[Gasteropoda 
gular shagreen ; margin with irregular, elevated papilli, and 
slightly fringed at the edge ; whole surface, including the mar- 
gin, of an uniform dusky ash-colour. Length somewhat more 
than a quarter of an inch; breadth not so much. 
Found on the coasts of Weymouth and Poole, adhering to 
rocks and oysters; and has been met with in the Frith of 
Clyde. 
9. Chiton fuscatus, pi. XXI, f. 17. 
Chiton fuscatus, First Ed., pi. 35, f. 17. 
Shell oval, of a dusky brown-colour ; the valves but little 
elevated, and slightly pointed ; their surface, as well as the 
marginal ligament, — which is very narrow, — covered with fine 
shagreen-like papilli ; and the outer edges of the valves with 
longitudinal striae ; destitute of a fringe on the edge of the bor- 
der. Length nearly three-quarters of an inch ; breadth about 
five-eighths. 
Found adhering to oysters in the Frith of Forth; and under 
stones, at very low water, at Crammond, Ireland. 
10. Chiton Albus, pi. XXI, f. 2. 
Chiton Albus, First Ed., pi. 35, f. 2 ; Montagu, p. 4 ; Maton 
and Rackett, p. 22, pi. 1, f. 4; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 290; Ib., 
Edin. Ency., p. 103 ; Brown, Ency. Brit., p. 402. 
Shell oval, white ; with the valves but little raised, short in 
proportion to their breadth, and very slightly pointed ; whole 
surface covered with minute punctures ; border rather dusky, 
with decussated stria3, producing a fine shagreen-like appear- 
ance, when viewed through a strong lens, and destitute of a 
fringe on its edge. Length three-eighths of an inch ; breadth 
somewhat less. 
Found on oysters in the Frith of Forth, and at Poole, Dor- 
setshire, and is invariably a deep water species. 
11. Chiton Asellus, pi. XXI, f. 14 and 19. 
Chiton Asellus, First Ed., pi. 35, f. 14 and 19; Ency. Meth., 
pi. I6l, f. 12; Lowe, Zool. Journ., II, p. 101. 
Shell subcarinated ; valves slightly beaked, covered with 
moniliform, or chain-like granulations, disposed in the form of 
longitudinal, slightly oblique striae; marginal ligament rather 
broad, with black, shagreen-like granulations, and provided with 
a slight fringe ; the whole of the valves destitute of marginal 
teeth, but with their internal edges minutely crenulated, or 
granulose ; colour variable, sometimes chocolate-brown, and at 
others olive-green. Length about three-eighths of an inch ; 
breadth somewhat more than a quarter. 
Lowe says, “in young specimens the posterior edges of the 
valves are dark brown, or black, which extends over about half 
the valve ; in older shells this colour becomes deeper, and ex- 
tends gradually over the whole of that part of each valve, which 
is covered by the preceding as the shell contracts in drying.” 
Fig. 14 is a greatly magnified figure of a specimen, sent to me 
by Captain Carmichael, in which the valves are green, and the 
border brown. 
This species is found near Oban, on the Argyleshire coast. 
12. Chiton Aselloides, pi. XXI, f. 21. 
Chiton Aselloides, First Ed., pi. 35, f. 21. 
Shell ovoid, carinated ; valves with a slight beak, the first and 
terminal ones with eleven or twelve teeth, middle ones with two 
each ; whole surface covered with minute, regular granulations, 
but not beaded as in the preceding species ; margin black, with 
coarse raised granulations ; fringe very short, and indistinct ; 
