MOLLUSCA. 
74 
Genus 6. — Lima. — Bruguiere. 
Shell longitudinal, equivalve, inequilateral; sides somewhat 
thickened, and gaping; umbones divergent, their internal facets 
inclined outwards ; hinge provided with two lateral teeth, one 
on each side in both valves, which become nearly obsolete in 
adult shells ; area between the beaks to which the ligament is 
attached, tripartite; the middle or hinge pit rounded above, and 
contains the chief portion of the ligament, the remaining por- 
tions are attached to the somewhat elongated linear divisions ; 
muscular impression lateral, suborbicular, from the inner mar- 
gin of which the muscular impression of the mantle emanates, 
and traversing the outside of the valves in a circuitous form, 
appears to terminate near the beak ; external surface covered 
with a very thin epidermis. 
1. Lima sulcata, pi. XXIII, f. 4, 5. 
Lima sulcata, First Ed,, pi. 31, f. 4, 5; Leach, MSS., p. 11 ; 
Lima suhaumcularia, Fleming, p. 388 ; Turton, Biv., p. 218 ; 
Pecten subauricularia, Montagu, Sup., p. 63. 
Shell white, pellucid, oblong-ovate, equilateral, and equivalve ; 
provided with small angular auricles; whole surface covered with 
numerous, longitudinal, divergent striae, with two opaque, cen- 
tral, rib-like projections emanating from the umbones, and ter- 
minating on the margins, which are crenated ; inside smooth, 
glossy, with indications of the two external ribs. Length up- 
wards of three-eighths ; breadth half its length. 
First discovered on the Devonshire coast, and has been met 
with in the Frith of Forth and Zetland. 
A variety of this shell was found in sand, south of Bute, by 
Stewart Ker, Esq., in which the two elevated central striae are 
not so conspicuous, but are indicated internally ; it also differs 
in all the striae on the sides having intermediate ones, which are 
less elevated than the others. 
2. Lima fragilis, pi. XXIII, f. 6, 7, 7.* 
Lima fragilis. First Ed., pi. 31, f. 6, 7; Lamarck, VI, p. 157; 
Fleming, p. 388; Forbes, p. 40; Lima bullata, Turton, p. 217, 
pi. 17, f- 4, 5; Lima Goodallii, Leach, MSS., p. 11 ; Pecten 
fragilis, Montagu, Sup., p. 62; Brown, Ency. Brit., p. 418. 
Shell subovate, very convex, fragile, white, subpellucid ; valves 
equal, inequilateral, one side straight, the other arcuated, nearly 
closed on all sides, with numerous, slightly undulating, longitu- 
dinal striae, and with two or three minute, fine, intermediate 
ones ; auricles small, oblique ; umbo prominent, small, and 
straight, the beaks distant ; inside smooth, shining, and white ; 
hinge line a little oblique. Length upwards of three-quarters 
of an inch ; breadth not quite half an inch. 
Found on the Devonshire and Manx coasts; and at Bute and 
Frith of Forth, Scotland. 
3. Lima tenera, pi. XXIII, f. 8, 9. 
Lima tenera. First Ed., pi. 31, f. 8, 9; Turton, Zool. Journ., 
II, p. 362, pi. 13, f. 2; Forbes, p. 41 ; Ib., Mag. Nat. Hist., V, 
p. 594, f. 64. 
Shell compressed, inequilateral, gaping at both sides; anterior 
side somewhat triangular, with the opening margined internally, 
with a strong rounded rib; external surface furnished with 
twenty-five somewhat undulated, nearly smooth ribs; margin 
serrated ; hinge line oblique. 
This species is much stronger than the L. fragilis. 
First found in the British Channel, by Dr. Turton ; Forbes 
[Malleacea. 
found it on the Manx coast ; and it was detected at Lamlash 
Bay, Arran, by James Smith, Esq., of Jordan Hill. 
4. Lima vitrina, pi. XXHI, f. 10, 10,* 11, 11.* 
Lima vitmna. First Ed., pi. 31, f. 10, 11. 
Shell oblong-ovate, convex, very fragile, white, and subpellu- 
cid ; hinge line very oblique, with a large triangular pit for the 
accommodation of the cartilage socket ; umbo small, and much 
turned to one side; whole shell considerably twisted ; the valves 
gaping on both sides, with numerous, slightly undulated, notch- 
ed, divergent striae, crossed by exceedingly fine, undulating, 
concentric striae, not discoverable without the aid of a lens, and 
with many, nearly obsolete, concentric wrinkles ; auricles small, 
slightly striated transversely; inside clear white, and very glossy. 
Length nearly an inch and a half ; breadth about an inch. 
I found one valve of this at Ballantrae, Ayrshire ; and it was 
afterwards met with on the Argyleshire coast, by Captain Car- 
michael; and Mr. Stewart Ker found it on the shores of the 
Island of Bute. 
5. Lima inflata? 
Lima infata? Forbes, Mag. Nat. Hist., V, p. 593, f. 63; Ib., 
Mai. Mon., p. 41 ; Lamarck, VI, p. 156? 
“ Shell strong, inflated with rough longitudinal ribs, crossed 
by lines and furrows of growth ; gaping on all sides widely. 
Dimensions, length fourteen-tenths ; breadth nine-tenths ; thick- 
ness nine-tenths.” 
Dredged in deep water off the Manx coast, by Professor 
Forbes. 
Section HI. — Ligament marginal, elongated. 
Family I Malleacea. 
Shells foliaceous, more or less inequivalve, with a marginal 
ligament, which is partly linear, and simple, or interrupted by 
crenulations. 
Genus 7 — Avicula. — Lamarck. 
Shell inequilateral, inequivalve, foliaceous, subquadrate, and 
oblique; pearlaceous within; hinge rectilinear, and produced on 
each side into rectilinear appendages, with a small, indistinct 
tooth in both valves ; an elongated, marginal, ligamentiferous 
area, widened near its centre. 
1. Avicula Anglic a, pi. XXIII, f. 3. 
Avicula Anglica, First Ed., pi. 31, f. 3; Leach, MSS., p. 1 1. 
Shell very thin, with the hinge line but slightly bent ; cardi- 
nal lobe short, and acute above; posterior lobe rather long; 
whole surface concentrically wrinkled, with imbricated, nearly 
equidistant, scale-like spines, running in transverse series ; out- 
side fawn-coloured, with interrupted, longitudinal streaks of 
umber-brown, becoming iridescent towards the base, besides the 
scales, which are attached to the elevated striae ; at regular inter- 
vals it is provided with long, sharp spines, of a yellowish-brown 
colour, which lie close to the shell. 
Discovered on the Devonshire coast, by Dr. Leach. 
2. Avicula Atlantica, pi. XLVI, f. 6, 7. 
Avicula Atlantica, First Ed., pi. 10,* f. 6; Lamarck, VI, p. 
148 ; Avicula hirundo, Turton, Biv., p. 220, pi. 17, f. 3 ; Fle- 
ming, p. 405 ; Mytilus hirundo, Turton, Conch, Diet., p. 101, 
pi. 1, f. 7. 
