88 
MOLLUSCA. 
[CONCHACEA. 
5. Cardium zonatum, pi. XXXV, f. 8. 
Cardium zonatum, First Ed., pi. 22, f. 8. 
Shell nearly globular, thin ; with numerous, longitudinal 
ribs, crossed by close-set, scale-like processes; the umbones 
nearly central, and obtuse; external surface pale gamboge- 
yellow, or sulphur-colour, with pretty broad, transverse bands 
of dull green, sometimes with purple bands ; inside white, 
tinged with purple ; cardinal teeth large, and acute. Diameter 
not an inch. 
This species was first detected by my late friend Mr. Han- 
cock, of Newcastle, at Seaton, in Yorkshire, and afterwards by 
my late friend Dr. Goodall, Provost of Eton College, on the 
Devonshire coast; and I was lately furnished with specimens by 
Robert Ball, Esq., of Dublin Castle, who obtained them at 
Youghal, Ireland. 
This may be distinguished from the young of C. edule, by 
being invariably much thinner, and more inflated ; smoother, 
and its colour of a gamboge-yellow, and zoned. Its habitat is 
at the mouths of rivers, where the water is brackish ; and it 
never reaches an inch in diameter. 
6. Cardium fasciatum, pi. XXXV, f. 9 and 11. 
Cardium fasciatum, First Ed., pi. 22, f. 9 and 1 1 ; Mon- 
tagu, Sup., p. 30, pi. 27, f. 6; Turton, Biv., p. 189; Fleming, 
p. 422. 
Shell suborbicular, subtruncated on the posterior side, thin, 
and subpellucid; with about twenty-seven flat, smooth ribs, 
which are slightly tuberculated at the rounded side; colour 
reddish-white, with three or four bands of reddish chestnut- 
brown, penetrating to the inside of the shell, which is of a fine 
bluish-white ; the ribs are also visible. Diameter seldom ex- 
ceeding three-eighths of an inch ; breadth somewhat more. 
This shell will readily be distinguished from the young of C. 
edule, by its lateral subtruncation ; the young edule being inva- 
riably circular in this condition. 
Found on the coasts of Cornwall, Devonshire, and Forfar- 
shire. 
7. Cardium exiguum, pi. XXXV, f. 10. 
Cardium exiguum. First Ed., pi. 22, f. 10; Montagu, p. 82; 
Turton, Biv., p. 186; Fleming, p. 422 ; Cardium pygmcBum, 
Donovan, I, pi. 32, f. 3. 
Shell very convex, subtriangular, and slightly cordiform ; 
colour cream-white, or rosy ; with from twenty to twenty-two 
strongly tuberculated ribs; the intervening furrows deep and 
transversely striated; anterior side considerably sloped, and 
nearly parallel with the umbones ; inside smooth, white, and 
sometimes reddish at the flattened side ; margin deeply denti- 
culated. Diameter about half an inch. 
The subtriangular form of this shell is one of its most striking 
characteristics. 
Inhabits the coasts of Falmouth, Salcomb, and Torbay, where 
Dr. Turton says he has found them burrowing in the hardest 
stone ; also in the Frith of Forth ; Portmarnock, and the 
Western coasts of Ireland. 
8. Cardium LiEViGATUM, pi. XXXV, f. 12, 13, 14, 15. 
Cardium Icevigaium, First Ed., pi. 22, f. 12, 13, 14, 15; 
Montagu, p. 80; Donovan, II, pi. 54; Turton, Biv., p. 190; 
Fleming, p. 422 ; Forbes, p. 46. 
Shell elongated, subcompressed, suboval; with numerous, 
smooth, flat, narrow ribs, which become obsolete on both sides 
of the shell, divided by very narrow, shallow furrows, and cros- 
sed by shallow, irregular, indistinct, concentric wrinkles; surface 
of a pale yellowish flesh-colour, frequently mottled with chest- 
nut, covered by a yellowish -brown, or fawn-coloured epidermis, 
frequently decorticated towards the umbones; inside smooth, 
glossy, white, with the margin pretty deeply denticulated, with 
indications of the ribs towards the base of the valves. Ordinary 
length from two to two and a half inches; breadth about from 
one and three-quarters to two inches. 
In Orkney it attains the length of three inches. The speci- 
men from which f. 12 was drawn is from that locality, and is in 
the cabinet of William Nicol, Esq., of Edinburgh. 
In the earlier stages, this shell is of a rich chestnut, very 
glossy, and with beautiful clouds and spots of rose-colour, and 
the inside of a rosy hue, as in f. 15. 
9. Cardium oblongum, pi. XXXV, f. 16, 17. 
Cardium oblongum. First Ed., pi. 22, f. 16, 17; Brown, 
Ency. Brit., 6th Ed., VI, p. 409) pi- 152, f . 9 ; Cardium sulca- 
tum, Lamarck, VI, pt. 1st, p. 10; Ency. Meth., pi. 298, f. 5; 
Wood, pi. 54, f. 3. 
Shell elongated, oval, oblique, considerably inflated; beaks 
small ; with numerous, flat, narrow ribs, crossed by indistinct 
lines of growth ; colour pale flesh, or reddish-buff, covered by 
an olive or yellowish-brown epidermis ; inside glossy, white, 
flesh-coloured, or pale lilac, crenulated at the margins, with the 
ribs extending nearly half way from the base. Usual length 
about an inch and a half; breadth nearly two inches. 
This shell will be easily distinguished from the C. Icevigatum, 
by its more lengthened form; being more oblique, considerably 
more inflated, and in the ribs more numerous. 
Inhabits the coast of Bray, Ireland ; and at St. Andrew’s, in 
Scotland, where it was obtained by Dr. Coldstream, of Leith. 
Family IV. — Conchacea. 
With at least three primary teeth in one valve, and the same 
number for the most part in the other; in a few instances less. 
Genus 9 Pullastra — Sowerby. 
Shell equivalve, transverse, inequilateral, the anterior side 
being the shorter; three diverging cardinal teeth in both valves, 
situate near to each other, and generally with a notched or cleft 
termination ; and in a few species the central tooth is deeply so ; 
two lateral, somewhat rounded, muscular impressions in each 
valve ; pallial impression with a large sinus ; ligament external, 
and partly concealed by the dorsal margins of the valves. 
1. Pullastra decussata, pi. XXXVII, f. 5, 6. 
Venus decussata. First Ed., pi. 19) f. 6, 7; Montagu, p. 124; 
Donovan, II, pi. 67; Turton, Biv., p. 158; Maton and Rackett, 
Linn. Tr., VIII, p. 88, pi. 2, f. 6; Venerupis decussata, Fle- 
ming, p. 451. 
Shell suboval, transversely elongated, subrhomboidal ; ante- 
rior side slightly truncated ; whole surface with strong, longitu- 
dinal, and transverse strise, producing a beautifully decussated 
appearance, which is stronger at the anterior side ; umbones 
blunt, with a lancealate, cordiform lunucle under them ; colour 
of a pale or dark buff, with beautiful, irregular markings of deep 
