142 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
FIG. PAGE 
11 , 12 . Helix pura 63 
13, 14. Helix obvoluta 53 
15, 16. Testacella Haliotoidea. 64 
17. 17.* Limax maximus 65 
18, 18.* Limax flavus 65 
19, 19.* Limax carinatus 55 
20 . Limax agrestis 66 
21 . Limax arboreus 131 
22 , 23. Helix aculeata 47 
24, 25. Clausilia bidens 37 
26, 27. Clausilia bidens, var. 
nigiicans 38 
(27 exhibits the mechanism of 
the aperture of the Clausilise. 
Internal view of the aperture 
of Clausilia bidens, to expose 
the hinge bone ; the mouth 
lies towards the left ; the neck 
is broken off at a ; the upper 
fold b ; the lower fold c ; the 
intenuediate fold c?; a thin 
fold runs down from the colu- 
mella, as in many of the 
Clausilise, but not quite pro- 
truding beyond it e ; a fold at 
the roof, which answers the 
purpose of the aperture of the 
hinge bone, which interiorly 
runs parallel, quite to the top 
of the roof parallel with the 
suture exteriorly, becomes 
visible like a white thread- 
like line ; the lowest rounded 
off leaf-like part of the hinge 
bone which closes up the 
aperture of the Clausium.') 
28. Acme fusca 34 
29. Operculum of Cyclostoma 
elegans 34 
30. 31. Lymnsea minuta, var. 
Rossmassler 28 
32, 33. Lymnsea ovata, var. 
vulgaris, Drapernaud 29 
34,35. Lymnsea ovata, Draper- 
naud 29 
36, 37. Lymnsea ovata, var. 
peregra, Drapernaud 29 
38, 38.* Pupa muscorum 39 
39, 39.* Pupa umbilicata 40 
40, 40.* Pupa unidentata 39 
Plate XIX. 
1 , 2 . Utriculus plicatus 68 
3, 4. Utriculus discors 58 
5, 6 . Utriculus obtusus 58 
7, 8 . Utriculus minutus 58 
9 . Volvaria umbilicata 3 
10, 11. Utriculus pellucidus ... 69 
12 . Volvaria retusa 4 
13, 14. Utriculus candidus 69 
15, 16. Bulla producta 57 
17, 18. Volvaria truncata 4 
19, 20 . Volvaria subcylindrica. 3 
21 , 22 . Bulla emargiuata 4 
23, 24. Bulla lignaria 56 
25, 26. Bulla denticulata 57 
27,28. Galericulum ovatum ... 23 
29, 30. Bulla Hydatis 57 
FIG. PAGE 
31, 32. Akera flexilis 59 
33, 34. Bullsea catina 67 
35, 38. Galericulum Isevigatum 23 
36, 37. Volvaria cylindrica ... 3 
39, 40. Utriculus Lima 68 
41, 42. Bulla striata 57 
43,44. Volvaria alba 3 
45, 46. Volvaria pellucida 4 
47. Bulla alba 66 
Plate XX. 
1 , 4, 6 . Lottia virginea 63 
2 , 3, 7, 8 , 11 . Patella pellu- , 
cida 64 
(2, 3, 7, and 8 , young.) 
5, 12 , 14, 15, 17. Patella vul- 
gata 63 
(17, var. 1 , vulgata; 15, var. 2, 
communis; 12 and 14, var. 3, 
albumena; 5, var. 4, conica.) 
9, 10 . Lottia testudinalis 64 
13. Patella cserulea 64 
16, 18. Calyptrsea sinense 60 
19,20. Pileopsis ungarica 60 
21 , 22 . Orbicula Norvegica ... 69 
Plate XXL 
1 , 16. Chiton Isevigatus 67 
2 . Chiton albus 66 
3. Chiton marginatus 66 
4, 12 , 13, 15. Chiton acha- 
tinus 65 
6 , 8 . Chiton fascicularis 65 
6 , 9. Chiton i-uber 66 
7. Chiton crinitus 66 
10 , 11 . Chiton Ise vis 66 
14, 19. Chiton Asellus 66 
17. Chiton fuscatus 66 
18. Chiton cinereus 66 
20 . Chiton discrepans 65 
21 . Chiton Aselloides 66 
22 . Chiton quinquevalvis 67 
Plate XXII. 
1,4. Anomia Ephippium 69 
2 , 3. Anomia undulata 69 
6 . Anomia squamula 69 
6 , Anomia aculeata 69 
7, 8 . Anomia cylindrica 70 
9. Orbicula Norvegica 69 
10 , 11 , 12 . Tei’ebratula cranium 68 
13, 14, 15. Terebratula aurita. 68 
16, 17. Pecten nebulosus 72 
Plate XXHI. 
1, 2 . Mytilus crenatus 77 
3, Avicula Anglica 74 
4, 5. Lima sulcata 74 
6 , 7, 7.* Lima fragilis 74 
8 , 9. Lima tenera 74 
10 , 10 ,*, 11 , 11 .* Lima vitrina 74 
12 , 13, 14. Crenella elliptica... 75 
15, 16. Galeomma Turtoni ... 114 
17, 18. Bingham i paradoxus ... — 
( A remarkable bivalve, dredged 
in Leith roads hy the late 
General Richard Bingham.) 
19. Ostrea edulis 71 
FIG. PAGE 
20 . Crenatula Travisii 75 
Plate XXIV. 
1 , 2 . Pecten opercularis 71 
( 2 , var. lineatus.) 
3. Pecten Islandicus 72 
4. Pecten varius 72 
5. Pecten Jacobseus 71 
6 . Pecten obsoletus 72 
7. Pecten Isevis 72 
8 . Pecten spinosus 73 
Plate XXV. 
1 . Pecten maximus 71 
2 . Pecten sinuosus 73 
3. 4. Pecten glaber 73 
6 . 6 . Pecten similis 73 
7. Pecten Jamesoni 73 
8 . Pecten Landsburgi 73 
Plate XXVI. 
1. Pinna ingens 75 
2 . Pinna elegans 76 
3. Pinna fragilis 75 
Plate XXVII. 
1,2,3, 4,5, 6 . Modiolapapuana 77 
(2, 5, and 6 , young shells; 3 and 
4, var. umbilicata.) 
7. Modiola Gibbsii 78 
8 . Modiola discrepans 78 
9. Modiola Prideauxiana 78 
10 . Modiola rnarinorala 78 
11 , 12, 13, 14, 15. Mytilus edulis 76 
(11, var. 1, edulis; 14 and 15, 
var. 2, elegans; 13, var. 3, 
pellucidus; 12, var. 5, incur- 
vatus.) 
Plate XXVHI. 
1 , 2 , 3, 4. Anodon Cygneus... 79 
1 , 3, and 4, var. 1 , Cygneus... 79 
2, var. 4, stagnalis 79 
Plate XXVIIL* 
1 , 2 , 3, 4, 6 , 6 , 7, 8 , 9. Ano- 
don Cygneus 79 
1 , var. 2 , cellensis 79 
2 , young 79 
6 and 7, var. 6 , complanata... 80 
3, 4, and 5, var. 10, piscinalis 80 
8 and 9, var. 11, rostrata 80 
Plate XXIX. 
1 , 2 , 3. Anodon Cygneus 79 
1, var. 3, anatina 79 
2 , var. 7, Avonensis 80 
3, var. 8 , ponderosa 80 
4, Dreissena polymorpha 76 
Plate XXX. 
1 , 2 , 3, 4, 6 , 6 , 7, 8 . Anodon 
Cygneus 79 
5 and 6 , var. 5, intermedia ... 79 
1 and 2 , var. 8 , ponderosa ... 80 
3 and 4, var. 9, subrhombea... 80 
7 and 8 , var. 12 , contorta ... 81 
9. Isocardia Cor 86 
FIG. PAGE 
Plate XXX.* 
1, 2 , 3, 4. Alasmodon marga- 
ritiferus 83 
4, var. 2 , Roissyi 83 
2, var. 3, minor 83 
3, var. 4, arcuata 84 
1, var. 5, olivacea 84 
5. Isocardia Cor 86 
6,7. Ostrea edulis, var 71 
Plate XXXI. 
1 , 2 . Alasmodon margaritiferus 83 
( 2 , hinge.) 
3, 4, 5, 6 . Unio Batavus 82 
(4, internal view of the teeth ; 
5, external view of the teeth.) 
7, 8 , 9, 10 , 11 . Unio pictorum 81 
(7 and 1 0 , var. 1 , ordinary form ; 
8 , var. 2; 9, var. 3; 11, ex- 
ternal view of the hinge.) 
12 , 13, 14. Unio ovalis 82 
(14, external view of the teeth.) 
Plate XXXII. 
1 , 2 , 3, 4. Unio Deshaysii ... 81 
(3, internal view of the teeth ; 4, 
external view of the teeth.) 
6 , 6 , 7, 8 . Unio tumidus 82 
(7, internal view of the teeth; 8 , 
external view of the teeth.) 
9, 10 , 11 , 12 . Unio rostrata... 82 
( 11 , internal view of the teeth ; 
1 2 , external view of the teeth . ) 
13, 14, 15. Alasmodon Roissyi 83 
(16, external view of the teeth.) 
Plate XXXIII. 
1,2,3. Area Nose 86 
4, 5. Area fusca 86 
6. Area lactea 86 
7. Area barhata 86 
8. 9. Pectunculus Glycimeris. 85 
10, 11. Pectunculus pilosus ... 85 
12. Nucula margaritacea 85 
13. Nucula tenuis 85 
14. 15. Nucula argentea 85 
16. Nucula rostrata 84 
17. Nucula oblonga 84 
18. Nucula minuta 84 
19. Nucula truncata 84 
20. 21. Area tetragona 86 
Plate XXXIV. 
1 , 2 , 3, 4, 5, 7. Cardium acu- 
leatum 87 
(3, 4, 5, and 7, young.) 
6 , 8 . Cardium echinatum ... 87 
9. Cardium tuberculatum ... 87 
Plate XXXV. 
1 , 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6 , 7. Cardium 
edule 87 
8 . Cardium zonatum 88 
9, 11 . Cardium fasciatum ... 88 
10 . Cardium e.xiguum 88 
12 , 13, 14, 15. Cardium Isevi- 
gatum 88 
16, 17. Cardium oblongum ... 88 
