Arimaspian 
Att when a gryphon through the wilderness . . . 
I'ursucH tin- Ariiinmpiiiii, who by stealth 
Had fniiii his wakeful custody purloin'd 
The guarded KM. Mitt.,,,, I'. 1.., li. 945. 
Goat or griftln, 1'hrintiun nr Cockney, Miser or Arinmt- 
///i/i. lltadciriKHl ' Mii'i., XXI. 780. 
Arinae(a-ri'ne), ./;/. [< Am- + -<'.] A sub- 
family of birds, of the family 1'si/tnriiln; includ- 
ing tliu wedge-tailed mai-aws and parrakcets of 
Anii-rica. Sec Ara"iuu\ I 'OH urns. A!HO written 
.\rniiui 1 . 
ariolation (ar'i-o-la'shon), n. See hnriiildtiiin. 
Arion (a-ri'on), . I NIJ., < L. Arion, < Gr. 'Api- 
ui; a celebrated cithara-player, said to have 
been rescued from drowning by a dolphin.] A 
genus of piUnioiiate gastropods, by some refer- 
red to the family l.iimn-iilir anil siiiil'amily .Iriit- 
ninir, but now generally considered as the type 
of a family .trioiiiilii; including several species 
of slugs, of which .1. alrr, the black slug, is a 
characteristic example. 
In the principal genus, .!/'/.</i, tliriv is a triangular pore 
at the upper posterior part of tin- body, which readily sep- 
arates it from l.iiintx. Slaiul. .\ut. Hint., 1.319. 
arionid (a-ri'on-id), n. A gastropod of the fam- 
ily Arinnidif. 
Arionidae (ar-i-on'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Arion + 
-iila:'] A family of geophilous pulmonate gas- 
tropods, resembling the Limacida;, and repre- 
sented by such genera as Arion and Arioliiiinjr. 
Its technical characters arc a shell reduced to u small flat 
plate or granule*, a small anil shield-like anterior mantle, 
the jaw entire and transversely ribbed, and teeth, of three 
kinds, the laterals especially differing from those of the 
Limacida! by their low, wide, and quadrate form. They 
are confounded with the limacids under the general name 
of sings. 
Arioninae (ar'i-6-ni'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Arion 
+ -;.] The slugs of the genus Arion and re- 
lated genera, such aa Ariolimax, regarded as a 
subfamily of the Limacida!. 
The Liniacidic are divisible into three subfamilies. In 
the Arumiiue the shell may be present, though concealed 
by the mantle, or it may be represented by a number of 
calcareous grains scattered through the corresponding 
portion of the mantle. Stand. Sat. Hist., I. 318. 
ariose (ar-i-6s') ( a. [< It. arioso, q. v.] Charac- 
terized by melody, as distinguished from har- 
mony. [Rare.] 
Mendelssohn wants the ariose Iteauty of Handel ; vocal 
melody is not his forte ; the interest of his airs is harmonic. 
Foreign Quarterly Rev. 
arioso (a-re-6'so), a. [It., < aria, air: see aria 
and air 3 .] In music, like an air, as contradis- 
tinguished from recitative. The word is used espe- 
cially with reference to recitative passages which are 
treated more in the smooth and melodious style of airs 
than in the ordinary style of recitatives. In instrumental 
music it indicates a flowing vocal style. Prefixed to an 
air, it denotes a sustained elaborate style, appropriate to 
the great airs of an opera. 
-arious. [Accom. of L. -arius: see -aryl and 
-OKA-.] A suffix of Latin origin, another form 
of -aryl, but used only in adjectives, as in ad- 
versarious, arenarious, calcarious (now errone- 
ously calcareous), gregarious, vicarious, etc. 
arisadt, arisardt, . [Origin obscure.] A long 
robe or tunic girded at the waist, worn by 
women in Scotland as late as 1740. PlanchH. 
Also airisad, airisard. 
arise (a-riz'), . i. ; pret. arose, pp. arisen, ppr. 
arising. [< ME. arisen, < AS. drisan (= ONorth. 
arrisa = OS. arisan = OHG. ar-, ir-, ur-risan = 
Goth, urreisan, arise), < a- + risan, rise : see a- 1 
and rise 1 .] 1. To get up from sitting, lying, 
or kneeling, or from a posture or state of re- 
pose, as from sleep or the grave : as, the audi- 
ence arose and remained standing. 
I will nriie, and go to my father. Luke xv. 18. 
The king arose very early in the morning. Dan. vi. 19. 
Arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light. 
Eph. v. 14. 
Many bodies of the saints which slept arose. 
Mat. xxvii. 52. 
Arise, he said, to conquering Athens go, 
There fate appoints an end of all thy woe. 
Drydrn, Pal. and Arc., 1. 533. 
I dub thee knight. 
Arise, Sir Ralph, De Wilton's heir. 
Scott, Marmion, vi. 12. 
2. To get up from a sitting or session, as of a 
court; suspend sittings for a time; adjourn: 
as, the court arose at 4 o'clock. [Archaic : see 
rise.] 3. To spring up from, or as from, the 
ground ; ascend ; mount or move from a lower 
to a higher place : as, vapors arise from humid 
ground. 
The forests were filled with birds ; and, at the discharge 
of an urquebuse, whole flocks would arittt. 
Baturoft, Hist. U. S., I. 76. 
Krom right to left about the flashing mass 
Arose a spiral stair, the tower ringing. 
C. I)e Kay, Vision of Nimrod, v. 
ltd!) 
4. To come into view, as from a hiding-place ; 
specifically, to appear, as the sun or a star, 
above the horizon : hence, to begin, or be ush- 
ered in, as the day. 
Ariie, fair sun, and kill the envious moon. 
*l,nl... K. un.l .1., ii. >. 
While day arix'-x, that sweet hour of prime. 
Miltn, 1'. I.., v. 170. 
5. To come into being or action; come into 
existence or play; start into prominence or 
activity ; appear ; come upon the scene : as, a 
false prophet has driven ; a great wind arose ; 
a cry arose. 
Now there drone up a new king over Kgvpt, whirh knru 
not Joseph. V.\. i. s. 
Wlii-inr h.-avv JH i sedition shall art 
on ull, who in the worship persevere 
Of spirit and truth. Milton, I". I.., xh. 
For the mighty wind arises, roaring seaward, ami I go. 
'/V/'iii/xoH, Lockslcy Hall. 
The idea of a universal and beneficent Creator of tin 
universe does not seem to arim' in the mind of man until 
he has been elevated by long-continued culture. 
Darwin, Descent of Man, II. 377. 
6. To have a beginning or origin ; originate, 
(a) To have or take Its rise, as a river; rise, as from a 
source, (b) To result or proceed, as from a cause : as, most 
of these appalling accidenU arise, from carelessness. 
All the powers and capacities of man, being the work of 
' i"'l must have their proper place jn his designs ; and the 
evil In the world .1, ... - not from their use, but from their 
misuse. GladxtoM, Might of Right, p. 110. 
7. To come or spring up incidentally, as any- 
thing requiring attention : as, other eases can 
be attended to as they arise. 
Fortunately, the contingency to which I allude (the ne- 
cessity of a coup d'etatl never arose. 
E. Dicey, Victor Emmanuel, p. 124. 
8. To rise in hostility; rebel: with against: 
as, the men drose against their officers. 
When he arose aijainst me, I caught him by his beard. 
1 Sam. xvii. 36. 
[In senses 1-4, 6 (a), and 8, rise is now more 
common.] =8yn. Arise, Rise. The choice between these 
words was primarily, and still often is, a matter of rhythm. 
The literal meanings, however, or those which seem literal, 
have become more associated with rise, and the consciously 
figurative with arise: as, he row from hiuchair ; thesnnrow; 
the provinces rose in revolt ; trouble arose ; " Music arose 
with its voluptuous swell," Byron, Childe Harold, ill. 21. 
ariset (a-riz'), n. [< arise, v. '.] Rising. 
Upon the arise or descent of the stars. 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., vi. 3. 
arish (ar'ish), n. [Pere.] A Persian linear 
measure, equal to 38.364 English inches. 
aristt, n. [ME., < AS. cerist, erist, erest (= Goth. 
urrists), arising, < drisan, arise, -r -t, a common 
noun formative.] A rising, as from a seat, a 
bed, or the ground, or from below the horizon : 
as, "at the sonne ariste," Chaucer, Astrolabe. 
aristt. A shortened form of ariseth. Chaucer. 
arista (a-ris'tii), n. ; pi. arista! (-te). [L., the 
awn or beard of grain. Cf. arrest 2 .] 1. In 
hot., an awn (which see). 2. In zool., an awn 
or tactile filament at the end of the antenna of 
an insect, as in some Diptera. 
The antenna) . . . may ... be very short and com- 
posed of three joints, frequently bearing a tactile hair at 
the extremity (arista). Claun, Zool. (trans.), I. 573. 
aristarch (ar'is-tark), n. [< L. Aristarchus, < 
Gr. 'Apiarapxof, a critic of Alexandria, noted for 
his severity, especially in regard to the Homeric 
poems.] A severe critic: as, "the aristarch 
Johnson." Scott, Abbot, lot. 
Aristarchian (ar-is-tar'ki-an), a. [< Gr. 'Api- 
mapxeioc,, < 'Apiarapxof ', or < Aristarchus + -Jan.] 
Like the ancient critic Aristarchus; severely 
critical. 
aristarchy 1 (ar'is-tar-ki), n. ; pi. aristarchies 
(-kiz). [< LGr. apiorapxia, < Gr. apiorapxoc,, best- 
ruling, <"dprrof, best, + apxetv, rule. Cf. aris- 
tocracy.] Government by the best men ; a body 
of worthy men constituting a government. 
aristarchy 2 ! (ar'is-tar-ki), n. [< ^ristarcfts.] 
Severe criticism like that of the ancient critic 
Aristarchus. [Rare.] 
Howbeit, the ground on which I would build his chief 
praise (to some of the Aristarchy and sour censures of 
these days) requires, first , an apology. 
Sir J. Ilarington, Brief view of Ch. of Eng., p. 153. 
aristate (a-ris'tat), a. [< LL. aristatus, < L. 
arista, awn or beard of grain.] Awned; hav- 
ing a pointed, beard-like process, like that of 
barley. See cut under barley. 
aristocracy (ar-is-tok'ra-si), n. ; pi. aristocra- 
cies (-siz). [< OF. aristocrocie, F. aristocratic, 
< ML. "aristocratia, < Gr. apiaronpaTta, the rule 
of the best (cf. apiaronpartiaOat, be governed by 
the best-born), < apurros, best, + -xparla, rule, 
< K/MTCIV, be strong, rule.] It. Government by 
the best men in the state j a governing body 
composed of the best men in the state. 
Aristolochia 
He [rVriainler] r<-rk"iirl thai pMj.iiiai 1 i >l,il. . . . l,t >t 
whirh ram-' nearest unt" an <ii-<*l>i<-,<r<<i . it^inn lit i>t 
wise anil ni't'lt- sriiatf. //<;//, /r/. tr. ! 1'Iut 
2. A form of government in which the supreme 
power is exercised liy I hove members of tin- 
state who are distinguished by their rank ami 
opulence. \Vlnn the ruling power i., ,M,,IM,| l,j a 
very few of this ela^ i td. rvrlnsion of nil iitln i 
government tirromrs all oliyalvliy. 
Tin- (!,-i*/',rt-'ti-if nf \Yni.T hatll ailtllitn .1 >., iii:,!i\ at'll-i-s 
. . . that the inTitnl of its duration HI ins t.j appruai 'li. 
>>/. 
Take uway tbe standing armii-s, and N-avr tin- nobles U> 
themselves, ami in a iru >. ai> tln-y \\oiililovertiirii 
monarchy In Kurope, audc-r.it ,., 
./. .\ilnm*. \V..rk>. I\ 
3. A body of persons holding exceptional pre- 
scriptive rank or privileges; specifically, a 
class of hereditary nobility ; the nobles of a 
country and those nearly related to them. 
lletweeu the /i/ /.-/.. //// ami tli.- working JM ..pie had 
sprung up a middle class, agricultural and commercial. 
JUacaulay. 
4. Persons noted for superiority in any charac- 
ter or quality, taken collectively: as, the iiri/t- 
tocracy of wealth or of culture. 
aristocrat (ar'is-to-krat or a-ris'to-krat), n. [< 
F. arixtiM-ruti; a reverse formation from the 
adj. aristoi-nilii/iii-: see iirix/tn-riitif.] 1. A 
member of the aristocracy or men of rank in a 
community; hence, a person having the traits 
supposed to be characteristic of an aristocracy : 
as, "a born aristocrat," Mrs. Jfroirniiin. 2. 
One who favors an aristocracy ; one who is an 
advocate of an aristocratic form of govern- 
ment. 
aristocratic (ar'is-to-krat'ik), a. [< F. arwto- 
cmtique, < Gr. dpiaTOKpaTiKuf, pertaining to aris- 
tocracy, < aptaroKpaTia : see aristocracy.] 1. Per- 
taining to aristocracy or a ruling oligarchy; 
consisting in or pertaining to the rule of a 
privileged class ; oligarchic : as, an aristocratic 
constitution ; an aristocratic government. 
The Areopagus was a body of aristocratic tendencies, 
consisting of those who had served the office of archon ; 
its function was to maintain the laws In their integrity. 
Von Haute, Univ. Hist, (trans.), p. 144. 
2. Pertaining to, resembling, or befitting the 
nobility or men of rank; resembling in man- 
ners or character the aristocracy or higher 
classes in a community: as, aristocratic pride ; 
aristocratic in sentiment. 3. Belonging to an 
aristocracy. 
aristocratical (ar"is-to-krat'i-kal), a. Same as 
aristocratic. 
aristocratically (ar'is-to-krat'i-kal-i), adt. In 
an aristocratic manner. 
aristocraticalness (ar'is-to-krat'i-kal-nes), n. 
The quality of being aristocratic. 
aristocratism (ar'is-to-krat-izm or ar-is-tok'ra- 
tizm), . [<aris<ocra,'-r--!s/.] Aristocratic rank, 
privilege, or character; the state or condition 
of being aristocratic in rank or feeling; mem- 
bership of or adherence to a privileged class. 
Aristocratifni rolls in its carriage, while patriotism can- 
not trail its cannon. Carlyle, French .Rev., III. i. 2. 
aristocratize (ar-is-tok'ra-tiz), v. ; pret. and 
pp. aristocratized, ppr. aristocratizing. [< F. 
aristocratiser, < aristocrate : see aristocrat and 
-irej I. trans. To render aristocratic. 
U. intrans. To favor or support aristocracy. 
[Rare.] 
aristocratyt (ar-is-tok'ra-ti), H. Same as aris- 
tocracu. Burton. 
aristodemocracy (ar'is-to-de-mok'ra-si), n. [< 
aristo(cracy) + democracy.] Government by no- 
bles and the commonalty; a government com- 
posed of aristocratic and democratic elements 
combined. Imp. I>ict. 
Aristolochia (ar"is-to-16'ki-a), . [L., < Gr. 
ia, also aptoroMxeui, an herb promoting 
chi Id-birth, < apiarof, best, 
+ )&x c ' a i child-birth : see 
lochta.~\ A large genus 
of apetalous exogenous 
plants, the type and prin- 
cipal genus of the natu- 
ral order Aristoloclnacea; 
chiefly woody climbers, 
and very widely distrib- 
uted. There are about 180 
species, of which 7 are found 
in the United .states. They are 
remarkable for their curious 
Bowers, which vary greatly in 
form and size, but are all so 
constructed as to imprison in 
some way the insects which visit them. The relative 
position of the anthers and stigmas prevents fertilization 
without the agency of insects, and self-fertilization even 
by their aid is, at least in some cases, made impossible by 
proterogyny. How cross-fertilization is effected by en- 
DutchmanVPipc 
sifka). 
