a 
Armenian 
with holding Monophysitc or Kutyeliian doctrine, but 
many authorities hold that the differences arose from 
misunderstandings occasioned by the ineaparity of the 
Armenian lannna^e to express the finer distinctions of 
Greek terminology. The Armenian rlinreh aeeepts all 
tin- first seven ecumenical councils, with the exception of 
that of Chaleedon, thi' doetrines of which they seem, how 
ever, to hold under a dilfcrent phraseology. Their doe- 
trincs and usa-cs elosely resemble those of the Creek 
Church, with the exception of their use of unleavened 
breiul and of an unmixed chalice in the eileharist. The 
priesthood is hereditary. The bishops arc gowned by 
four patriarchs, the primate being the CStfiollcoe, h.. 
resides in the monastery of Ktchmiad/in, a short distance 
north of Mount Ararat. Since the fifteenth century a 
large number of the Armenians have joined the Roman 
Catholic church and are known as l'iiili;l Arauniant. 
A separate Armenian Protestant Church lias also recently 
been formed. Armenian era, liturgy, etc. See the 
nouns. Armenian stone, a soft blue carbonate of cop- 
per; also, a commercial name for lapis-lazuli. 
II. . 1. A native of Armenia. 2. Eccles., 
an adherent of the Armenian Church. 3. The 
Armenian language. 
Armeno-Turkish (iir-me'no-ter'kish), . The 
Turkish language as written by Armenians in 
Turkey, with letters of the Armenian alphabet. 
armentalr (ar-men'tal), a. [< L. uriiii'iitiilia, 
< armentum, old form armenta, cattle for plow- 
ing, collectively a herd, drove; prob. contr. 
from *arinn'Htitm, < ararc, plow: see arable.] 
Of or belonging to a drove or herd. Bailey. 
armentinet, " |X L. armentum, a herd (see ar- 
mental), + -ie 2 .] Same as armental. Jiailey. 
armentoset (ar-men'tos), a. [<L. / lamm, 
abounding in herds, < armentum, herd: see ar- 
mental.'} Full of great cattle ; abounding with 
herds or beasts, liailfij. 
armer (iir'mer), n. [< ar2 + -er 1 .] One who 
arms or supplies with arms ; one who equips. . 
Builders and anners of vessels [of war]. 
Woolsey, Introd. to Inter. Law, 100. 
armet (ar'niet), n. [F., OF. also armette, ar- 
meret, dim. of armes, armor.] The most com- 
plete and perfect 
defensive head-cov- 
ering of the mid- 
dle ages, introduced 
about 1450, and re- 
maining in use until 
the abandonment of 
the closed headpiece, 
more than a century 
later. It was lighter 
than the lieaume and even 
the basinet, and was a 
better protection than the 
salade. (See these words.) 
It fitted the head well, 
allowed of some move- 
ment, and had openings 
for sight and breathing. 
It was forged in many 
parts, which fitted togeth- 
er accurately and were se- 
cured by hinges, hooks, 
and the like, and when 
closed was very rigid and 
firm. 
armful (iirm'ful), n. 
[< arml + full.] As 
much as the arms can 
hold; what one holds in one's arms or embrace. 
Tis not tlie wealth of Plutus, nor the gold 
Lock'd in the heart of earth, can buy away 
This armful from me. Beau, and Fl., Philaster, iv. 1. 
I stood where Love in brimming armfuls bore 
Slight wanton flowers and foolish toys of fruit. 
D. G. Rossetti, Sonnets, xiv. 
arm-gauntt, . [An isolated form, appar. < 
arai(or arm 2 , arms) + gaunt, as if ' with gaunt 
limbs, ' or ' worn with military service ' ; in either 
case a violent formation. Perhaps merely a 
scribe's or printer's sophistication of some word 
which must be left to conjecture.] An epithet 
of disputed meaning, applied by Shakspere to a 
horse, and in some editions changed to arrogan t. 
So he nodded, 
And soberly did mount an arm-gaunt steed, 
Who neigh d so high, that what I would have spoke 
Was beastly dumb'd by him. Shak., A. and C., i. 5. 
arm-greatt, a. [ME. arm-gret; < arm 1 + great.'] 
As thick as a man's arm. 
A wrethe of gold, arm-gret, of huge wighte, 
t'pon his heed. Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 1287. 
arm-guards (iirm'gardz), n. pi. Ageneralname 
of plate-armor for the defense of the arms. 
It corresponds to braxtart (which see) and to the French 
fturtlf-bran. See also bracelet, vatnbrace, and rerebrace. 
armhole (arm'hol), . [< ME. armhole, corrupt- 
ly harmole; < arm^ + hole.] 1. The cavity under 
the shoulder; the armpit. [Now rare.] 
313 
armiak (iir'myak), n. [< RUBS, armyakii, of 
Tatar origin.] 1. A stuff woven of caini-l's 
hair by the Tatars. 2. In Russia, a plain I'.il 
tan or outer garment, made of anniak or a 
similar material, worn by the peasantry. 
armiferous (iir-mif'e-rus), a. [< L. iirmifir, < 
anna, arms, +ferre = E. bear 1 .] Bearingarms. 
Hluinil. 
armiger (iir'mi-jer), n. [L., armor-bearer, < 
urmii, arms, + yerere, bear, carry.] 1. An ar- 
mor-bearer to a knight; a squire; the second 
in rank of the aspirants to chivalry or knight- 
hood. 2. One who has a right to armorial bear- 
ings: formerly used after the proper name by 
a person possessing such right, but no higher 
title: thus, "John Bolton, armiger," is nearly 
equivalent to "John Bolton, gentleman." In 
(Shakspere, 
Steel Armet, about A. D. 1450. 
A, calotte or cap ; a, neck-guard 
riveted to A, and having a prolon- 
gation upward to the crown ; B, up- 
per vizor, or umbril, with sight- or 
eye-hole : C, vizor with opening 
for breathing ; D, aventaile, opening 
sidewise on hinges ; E, rim of the 
gorgerin (it has a groove between 
two ridges, which groove receives 
the lower edge of the armet proper) ; 
P, one of two upright pins upon 
which the pauldrons are adjusted. 
The gorgerin is of three pieces, 
movable upon one another, and all 
riveted to a leather band beneath. 
Tickling is most in the soles of the feet, and under the 
iirm/in/r.v, and on tlie sides. The cause is the thinness of 
the skin in these parts, joined with the rareness of being 
touched there. Bacon, Nat. Hist. 
2. A hole in a garment for the arm. 
A gentleman born, master parson ; who writes himself 
n, -iKt'i' /" ; in any bill, warrant, quittance, or obligation, 
,/, ,,,/,/rtro. Shak., M. W. of W., i. 1. 
This young armiyi'r must be the too attractive cyno- 
sure to our poor little maiden. 
n. D. Ittackiiuire, Lorna Doone, 11. 
armigeral (iir-mij'e-ral), a. [< armiger + -nl.] 
Of the class of squires; genteel. 
I ant exempted at present front residence, as preacher 
to the Foundling Hospital; had it been otherwise, I could, 
I think, have lived very happily in the country, in an/it- 
geral, priestly, and swine-feeding society. 
Sydney Smith, to Francis Jeffrey. 
armigero (ar-mij'e-ro), n. [= Sp. armigero, a 
squire, = Pg. armigero, a page, < L. armiger: 
see armiger.] Same as armiger, 2. 
armigerous (iir-mij'e-rus), a. [< L. armiger 
(later, but rarely, armigerus), bearing arms: 
see armiger.] Entitled to bear heraldic arms. 
They belonged to the armigerous part of the popula- 
tion. De Quincey, Works, VII. 45. 
armil (ar'mil), n. [< late ME. armille, < OF. ar- 
mille, < L. armillti, a bracelet, armlet, hoop, 
ring, dim. prob. of armus, shoulder, upper arm: 
seeorl.] 1. An ancient astronomical instru- 
ment consisting of a ring fixed in the plane of 
the equator, sometimes crossed at right angles 
by another ring fixed in the plane of the me- 
ridian. In the first case it was an equinoctial armil, in 
the second a itolatitial armil. Also called armilla. See 
armillary . 
With the advance of geometrical conceptions there came 
the hemisphere of Berosus, the equinoctial armfl, the sol- 
stitial armil, and the quadrant of Ptolemy all of them 
employing shadows as indices of the sun's position, but in 
combination with angular divisions. 
//. Spencer, Universal Progress, p. 172. 
2. Same as armilla, 1. 
The armil, or bracelet, was looked upon by the Anglo- 
Saxons as one among the badges of royalty. 
Hock, Church of our Fathers, L 436, note. 
armilausa (ar-mi-la'sa), n. ; pi. armilausce (-se). 
[LL. ; origin uncertain ; said by Isidore to be a 
contr. of "armielausa, < armus, shoulder, + clau- 
sus, pp. of claudere, shut in : see arm 1 , clause, 
toad, close.] 1. A kind of Roman military tunic. 
2. A garment worn in England and on the 
Continent during the middle ages, probably 
differing in shape at different times. Meyrick 
describes it as "a body garment the prototype of tlie sur- 
coat" ; but it seems always to have been an outer garment, 
and even worn over the armor. 
armilla (ar-mil'S), .; pi. armilla? (-). [L. : see 
armil.] 1. In airchccol., a bracelet or armlet: as, 
a Roman or Frankish armilla. Also called ar- 
mil. 2. In mach., an iron ring, hoop, or brace, 
in which the gudgeons of a wheel move. 3. In 
'in"/., the annular ligament of the wrist which 
binds together the tendons of the hand. 4. 
Same as armil, 1. 5. In ornith., a colored ring 
encircling the tibia of a bird just above the 
heel-joint. [Little used.] 
armillary (ar'mi-la-ri), a. [< L. armilla, an 
armlet, ring, etc. : see armil.] Resembling a 
bracelet or armil- 
la ; consisting of 
rings or circles. 
Armillary sphere, 
an arrangement of 
rings, all circles of 
a single sphere, in- 
tended to show the 
relative positions of 
the principal celes- 
tial circles. The 
whole revolves upon 
its axis within a hori- 
zon divided into de- 
grees and movable in 
every direction upon 
a brass supporter. 
There are two kinds 
of armillary sphere, 
one with the earth 
and one with the sun 
in the center, called 
(M 
Be 
Uary Sphere. 
Arminian 
n ,[(.'< lively the sphere of 1'toleiuy and tltr sphere of t'o- 
pi-miens. Shire tin- Iimitl USe ol ^Mrll ;l r. .Ill ri VallCC lh to 
uive :ui a'-rurate representation of the appai < nl motions of 
tli. M,];ir system, the former is the one most used, Uie lat- 
1.1' ha\ lli^ lillle practical \allle. 
armillate (iir'mi-lat), a. K Ij.arinillnliiK, < nr- 
niillii, l>r;i<-i'li't : < iii mil.] Wearing a brace- 
let. -I.S-/I. 
armillated (ar'mi-la-ted), a. Wearing bnior- 
Icts. <'n' 'I.' ruin. 
armillett (iir'mi-lrt), . [<()F. /;///</. dim. of 
tirmilli : M-I- iii'inil, in-iiiillii.] A Maall armilla 
or armlet. See tirm illii. 
armint, . [Cf. nnnil, urinilla.'] A kind of 
ornament for the pike. It ap|>cars to have i-en a 
piece ot stuff sewed arouml the stall, perhaps to altnl d a 
Drill hold for tin- hand. 
armine 1 1, w. [Perhaps for "arming (of which, 
however, no record is found for 400 years jire- 
<M'diiig), < early ME. ermiiuj, < AS. rantiii/u, :t 
wretched person, < earm, wretched, miserable, 
poor, = OS. arm = OFries. erm, arm = J). arm, 
OIIU. nram, MHO. G. arrre = Icel. arnir= Sw. 
Dan. arm = Goth, arms, wretched, miserable. 
See yearn 2 .'] A beggar ; a mendicant. 
JAUX. So youn;,' an ni-iniiie! 
l''l'nr. Armine, sweetheart, I know not what 
You mean liy that, but I am almost a beggar. 
/,.,///, /V./!</a/(1606). 
armine-t, arminedt. Obsolete forms of ermine, 
ermineil. 
arming (iir'ming), . [< ME. armyng; verbal n. 
of arm 2 , v.] 1. The act of taking aims or fur- 
nishing with arms: as, an extensive armimj of 
the people. 2f. In her., a coat of arms. 
When the Lord Beaumont, who their arming* knew, 
Their present peril to brave Suffolk shews. Drayton. 
3. Navt. : (a) A piece of tallow placed in a 
cavity at the lower end of a sounding-lead to 
bring up a sample of the sand, mud, etc., of the 
sea-bottom. 
On the arming from an eight-fathom cast there was a 
perfect impression of an Astrtca, apparently alive. 
Darwin, Coral Reefs, p. 11. 
6) pi. A kind of boarding-nettings, (c) pi. 
_ied dress-cloths formerly hung fore and aft 
outside the upper works on holidays : still used 
by some nations. Smyth. 
arming-bucklet (ar'ming-buk'l), n. 1. Abuckle 
used in defensive armor. 2. In her., such a 
buckle, generally having the 
shape of a lozenge, used as a 
bearing. 
arming-doublett (ar'ming-dub*- 
let), n. A doublet used in mili- 
tary dress, forming an essential 
Four varieties of part of the harness of a light- 
Buckies? Armi "&- armed foot-soldier in the middle 
ages and later, it is probable that 
it was a very close-fitting garment worn under the corse- 
let. The general use of it seems to have suggested a style 
or cut in elegant costume, as we read of arming-doublets 
of costly material. 
That every man have an arming-doublet of fnstian or 
canvas. Duke of Norfolk'* Orders, Hen. VIII., an. 38. 
An arming-doublet of crimson and yellow satin . . . 
with threads of Venice gold. 
Inventory Henry VIII., 1542, quoted by Planche. 
arming-pointt (ar'ming-point), n. A point 
used m fastening together parts of a suit of 
armor. 
arming-press (ar'ming-pres), n. A small hand- 
power stamping-press used by bookbinders. 
Its earliest employment was in stamping heraldic arms 
on the sides of books, whence its name. In the United 
States this form of press is known as a itamping-pmt 
or embnsirinff-pres*. 
arming-speart (ar'ming-sper), n. A spear used 
in war. 
arming-swordt (ar'ming-sord), n. A sword 
made especially for use in battle, as distin- 
guished from one worn as a part of military 
dress or uniform in time of peace, and from 
that used in tourneys or the like. 
A helmett of proofe shee strait did provide, 
A strong arming-sword shee girt by her side. 
Percy' ' Reliquei. 
Arminian (ar-min'i-an), n. and a. [< NL. Ar- 
nrinianus, < Arminius, Latinized from the name 
of Harmensen.~\ I. n. 1 . One of a Christian sect 
named from James Arminius (Jacobus Harmen- 
sen), a Protestant divine of Leyden, Nether- 
lands (1560-1609). Its members were also called Av- 
iiwnstrantti, from a statement of their views in the form of 
a remonstrance presented to the States-General in 1610. 
They separated from the Calvinista, objecting to their 
doctrine of predestination. The sect as a distinct organ- 
ization is chiefly confined to the Netherlands, where it 
mi M i! MTS only about twenty congregations and a few thou- 
sand adherents. 
2. A believer in the Arminian doctrines. These 
doctrines are : (1) Conditional election and reprobation, 
in opposition to absolute predestination as taught by 
