Artemisia 
the tansy (Taiiacetuni), and consists of low shrubs ami 
herbs, with small discoid, often pendulous, heads panicu- 
lately arranged, and all bitter aroinatics. Then are over 
40 species in the United States, mostly confined to the 
regions west of the Mississippi. Of the foreign species, the 
i-iiimiion wormwood, A. Absinthium, use formerly much 
used as an anthelminthic, and furnishes a volatile oil that is 
the peculiar ingredient in the French liqueur absinthe. A. 
,ili(,-i'ii;s ami -I. niiiMlinaof the Alps are used in the man- 
ufacture of a similar liqueur, genepi. Wormseed or san- 
tonica consists of the small unexpended flower-bora of A. 
paueillnra. extensively collected on the steppes nf Turkes- 
tan arid employed as an anthelminthic. The southernwood 
of gardens, A' Alirutanuia, anil the tarragon, A. Drawn- 
fii'hn, have a fragrant aromatic odor, Of the numerous 
North American species, the best known are A. trUtntata 
and A. caita, which are the sage-brush of tire western 
plains the tlrst especially covering large areas in tire val- 
leys of the Great Basin. See cut under Alisin/l, in m. 
artemod (iir'te-mod), . [< Artemis, as goddess 
of the moon, -f od, q. v.] Lunar od; the odic 
force of the moon. Huron ran 1!< iflu nhiieh. 
artert (ar'ter), n. [< OF. artre, a moth ; artre 
yrisc tie bois, a wood-louse (Cotgrave); also 
arte, and artiron, artisan, artuisoti, mod. F. ar- 
tison, a wood-worm. Cf. art-worm.'] A wood- 
worm. Also called art-worm. 
arteria (iir-te'ri-a), . ; pi. arterial (-e). [L. : see 
artery.'} In anaf., an artery : now mostly super- 
seded by the English form of the word. Some of 
the principal arteries in the names of which the Latin form 
is still used are : Arteria anastomotica, one of the branches 
of the brachial or femoral artery, forming anastomoses 
about the elbow or knee ; arteria centralis modiolfe or 
retiiue, the central proper artery of the cochlea or of the 
retina ; arteria colica dextra, raedia, sinistra, the artery 
of the ascending, transverse, and descending colon respec- 
tively; arteria comes, a companion artery of a nerve, as 
the phrenic and sciatic ; arteria coronaria ventriculi, the 
proper gastric artery, a branch of the cteliac axis ; arte.ria 
dorxalis hallucis, indicia, lin'iuce, penis, pedis, pollicls, 
xfapulce, the dorsal artery of the great toe, index finger, 
tongue, penis, foot, thumb, and shoulder-blade respective- 
ly ; arteria gastro-duodenalix, arteria gastro-epijtlvica, two 
arteries of the stomach and associate parts ; arteria in- 
ttominata, innominate artery, or anonyma, the first great 
arterial branch of the arch of the aorta, on the right side ; 
arteria pancreatica magnet, parea, arteria pancreatim- 
duodenates, superior et inferior, large and small pancreatic 
arteries, and the superior and inferior arteries of the pan- 
creas and duodenum ; arteria priiiceps cervicis, pollicix, 
the principal branch of the occipital artery for the back of 
tile neck, and the principal artery of the thumb, respec- 
tively ; arteria, profunda humerl, superior et inferior, cervi- 
cis, femoris, the superior and inferior deep branches of the 
brachial artery, the deep cervical branch of the first inter- 
costal artery, and the deep branch of the femoral artery, 
respectively ; arteria sacra media,, the middle sacral ar- 
tery, the continuation of the abdominal aorta after giving 
off the iliac arteries; arteria superjicialis voice, a small 
artery of the ball of the thumb, a branch of the radial, 
usually continuous witli the superficial palmar arch ; ar- 
teria tnmnmaKt colli, a branch of the thyroid axis which 
traverses the root of the neck and ends in the posterior 
scapular artery. Arteria aspera, the asper or rough 
artery, that is, the windpipe or trachea. 
arteriact (ar-te'ri-ak), a. and. [< Gr. apri/pia- 
K6;, pertaining to the windpipe, fern, f/ aprr/piaKq, 
a medicine therefor, < apTqpia, windpipe: see 
artery.] I. a. Of or pertaining to the wind- 
pipe. 
II, . A medicine prescribed in diseases of 
the windpipe. Dunglison. 
arteries. . Plural of arteria. 
arterial (ar-te'ri-al), a. [= F. arteriel, < NL. 
arterialis, < L. arteria, artery: see artery."] 1. 
Of or pertaining to an artery or to the arteries : 
as, arterial action. 2. Contained in an artery: 
as, arterial blood. 3. Having a main channel 
and many branches or ramifications, like the 
arteries: as, arterial drainage. Arterial blood, 
blood as it passes through the arteries after having been 
oxygenated in the lungs. It is distinguished from venous 
blood particularly by its lighter florid-red color, due to the 
presence of oxygen. Arterial cone, (a) The upper left 
conical portion of the right ventricle, from which the pul- 
monary artery leads. Also called infundibuluin. (b) In 
ichth., the elongated conical ventricle of the heart, which 
is continuous with the bulbus arteriosus, and is distin- 
guished therefrom by the presence of valves between the 
two. Arterial duet (ductus arteriosus), the portion of 
any primitive aortic arch which serves to connect and 
furnish communication between a branchial artery and a 
branchial vein. Arterial navigation, navigation by 
means of connected or branching channels of inland water, 
as rivers, deepened streams, and canals. 
arterialisation, arterialise. See arterializa- 
tlon, arterialise. 
arterialization (ar-te"ri-al-i-za'shon), n. [< 
arterialize + -ation.~\ The process of making 
arterial ; the conversion of venous into arterial 
blood, during its passage through the lungs, by 
the elimination of carbon dioxid and the ab- 
sorption of oxygen from the air. Also spelled 
arterialisation. 
arterialize (ar-te'ri-al-iz), . t. ; pret. and pp. 
arterialised, ppr. artcrializing. [< arterial + 
-ize; = F. arterialiser.] To convert (venous 
blood) into arterial blood by the action of oxy- 
gen in the lungs. Also spelled arterialise. 
arterially (ar-te'ri-al-i), adv. In the manner 
of an artery ; by means of arteries. 
324 
arteriocapillary (ar-te"ri-6-kap'i-la-ri), a. 
[< arterial + capillary.'] Pertaining to arteries 
and capillaries Arteriocapillary fibrosis, the in- 
crease of connective tissue in tile walls of arteries and 
capillaries. 
arteriococcygeal (ar-te"ri-6-kok-sij'e-al), a. 
[< arterial + eoccygeal.'] In anat., pertaining 
to arteries and to the coccyx: specifically ap- 
plied to the glomerulus arteriococcygeus, or 
Luschka's gland. See gland and rjlomerulus. 
arteriogram (ar-te'ri-o-gram), n. [< Gr. apri/- 
l>ia, artery, + ypap/ia, a writing.] A sphygmo- 
graphic tracing or pulse-curve from an artery; 
a sphygmogram taken from an artery. 
arteriography (ar-te-ri-og'ra-fi), . [X Gr. aprr/- 
pia, artery, + -ypatiia, < ypd<j>eiv, write, describe.] 
A description of the arterial system. 
arteriola (iir-te-ri'o-la), . ; pi. arteriola: (-le). 
[NL.] In anat,, a little artery; an arteriole 
Arteriolse rectsa, small straight arteries supplying the 
medullary pyramids of the kidneys. 
arteriole (ar-te'ri-61), n. [= F. arteriole, < NL. 
arteriola, dim. of L. arteria, artery.] A small 
artery. 
The minute arteries, the arterioles of some distant organ 
like the brain. B. W. llicliardson, Prevent. Med., p. 407. 
arteriology (iir-te-ri-ol'o-ji), w. [< Gr. aprt/pia, 
artery, + -/.oy<a,< "Mytiv, speak : see -ology.~] The 
science of or a treatise on the arteries. 
arteriosclerosis (ar-te"ri-6-skle-r6'sis), . 
[NL., < Gr. aprripia, artery, + aKAripuatg, harden- 
ing: see sclerosis.} The increase of connective 
tissue in the walls of arteries, especially in the 
iutima. 
arteriotome (ar-te'ri-o-tom), n. [< Gr. as if 
*ap-iipioT6/iof: see art'eriotomy."] In surg., an 
instrument for dissecting an artery. 
arteriotomy (ar-te-ri-ot'o-mi), n. [< LL. arte- 
riotomia, < Gr. apri/pioTo/iia, the cutting* of an 
artery (cf . apTt/pioToftclv, cut an artery), < apri/pia, 
artery, + ro/j^f, verbal adj. of re/iveiv, Tapeiv, 
cut.] 1. In surg., the opening of an artery by 
the lancet or other instrument, for the purpose 
of letting blood. 2. That part of the science 
of anatomy which treats of the dissection of 
the arteries. 
arteriovenOUS (ar-te"ri-o-ve'nus), a. [< L. ar- 
teria, artery, + vena, vein: see venous.'] Per- 
taining to an artery and a vein. Arteriovenoua 
aneurism. See aneurism. 
arteritis (iir-te-ri'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. aprr/pia, 
artery, + -if**'.'] Inflammation of an artery or 
of the arteries. 
artery (iir'te-ri), . ; pi. arteries (-riz). [< ME. 
arterie (early mod. E. also arter, artere, artier, 
arture, etc., < OF. artere, mod. F. artere = Pr. Sp. 
Pg. It. arteria), < L. arteria, the windpipe, an ar- 
tery, < Gr. aprripia, an artery as distinct from a 
vein ; but commonly the arteries were regarded 
as air-ducts (the name being supposed to come 
from ai'/p, air), because found empty after 
death, and seem to have been conceived as 
ramifications of the windpipe ; orig. the wind- 
pipe ; perhaps < aipeiv, aeipeiv, raise, lift up ; cf . 
aorta, from the same source.] If. The trachea 
or windpipe. 
Under the artery or windpipe is the month of the 
stomach. Sir H. Hollatui. 
2. One of a system of cylindrical, membranous, 
elastic, and muscular vessels or tubes, which 
convey the blood from the heart to all parts of 
the body by ramifications' which as they pro- 
ceed diminish in size and increase in number, 
and terminate in minute capillaries which unite 
the ends of the arteries with the beginnings of 
the veins. There are two principal arteries : the aorta, 
which rises from the left ventricle of the heart and rami- 
fies through the whole body, and the pulmonary artery, 
which conveys venous blood from the right ventricle to the 
lungs, to undergo arterialization. Most arteries are com- 
posed of three coats : an outer or fibrous, of condensed 
connective tissue well supplied with blood-vessels and 
nerves ; a middle or elastic, consisting chiefly of circular, 
non-striated, muscular fibers ; and an inner, thin, smooth, 
and dense, composed, from without inward, of an elastic 
fenestratcd membrane, a layer of connective tissue, and 
a lining of endothelium. The outer coat is the (tunica) 
adventitia ; the middle, the (tunica) media; the inner, the 
(tunica) Mima. The arteries in the human body which 
have received special names are about 350 in number. 
They range in caliber from more than the thickness of a 
finger to microscopic dimensions. 
3. A main channel in any ramifying system of 
communication, as in drainage. Artery-claw, 
a locking forceps for holding an artery. Artery of the 
bulb, a small but surgically important branch of the in- 
ternal pudic irtery, supplying the bulb of the urethra. 
Axillary artery, coronary artery, nutrient artery, 
radial artery, etc. See the adjectives. 
artery (ar'te-ri), v. t. ; pret. and pp. arteried, 
ppr. arterying. [< artery, n.~] To supply with 
arteries ; figuratively, to traverse like arteries. 
. 
Artesian Well. 
.. . fault filled ,th clay and in.per.ious 
to water; *, b. impermeable strata? c, per- 
meable strata ; rf, artesian boring and well, 
arthrocacology 
Oreat rivers that arteried every State. 
JV. A. Rev., CXXVI. 491. 
Artesian (iir-to'zian), a. [< F. artesien, prop- 
erly pertaining to Artois, OF. Arteis, anciently 
Artcsium, in France.] Pertaining to Artois, 
an ancient prov- 
ince of northern 
France, corre- 
sponding to the 
modern depart- 
ment of Pas-de- 
Calais. Arte- 
sian well, a name 
(usually without a 
iMfitol letter) given 
' a g22ni $ 
bored well from its 
long use in Artois. 
In an artesian well 
proper the water rises to the surface and overflows. The 
geological conditions permitting this are not general, since 
it is necessary that the region should have a more or less 
complete basin-structure, and that there should be a series 
of permeable covered by impermeable beds. In the United 
States any deep bored well is called artesian, even if the 
water has to be pumped from a considerable depth. Ar- 
tesian wells vary in depth from less than 100 to nearly 4,000 
feet, some of the deepest borings being for petroleum. 
artful (art 'ful), a. [< art? + -//.] 1. Done 
with or characterized by art or skill. [Bare.] 
Our psalms with artful terms inscribed. 
Milton, P. R., iv. 336. 
No one thinks when he looks at a plant, what restless 
activity is at work within it, for the cells perform their 
artful labor in stillness. Pop. Sri. Mo., XXII. 185. 
2t. Artificial, as opposed to natural; produced 
or producing by art: as. " too artful a writer," 
Dryden, Life of Virgil. 3. Skilful, (a) Of per- 
sons, skilful in adapting means to ends ; adroit. 
(b) Of things, skilfully adapted; ingenious; 
clever. Hence 4. Cunning; crafty; practis- 
ing or characterized by art or stratagem: as, 
"the Artful Dodger," Dickens, Oliver Twist. 
Fair to no purpose, artful to no end. 
Pope, Moral Essays, iv. 116. 
= Syn. 4. Cunning, Artful, Slii, etc. (see cunnitty), deceit- 
ful, politic, shifty, insidious. 
artfully (iirt'ful-i), adv. In an artful manner. 
(a) With art or skill : as, colors artfully distributed on the 
canvas. [Kare.] (4) With cunning or craft ; craftily ; cun- 
ningly. 
Whether this motion was honestly made by the Oppo- 
sition ... or artfully made by the courtiers, ... it is 
now impossible to discover. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vi. 
artfulness (art'ful-nes), . The quality of be- 
ing artful ; craft ; cunning ; address. 
arthent (ar'then), a. An old form of earthen. 
arthra, n. Plural of arthron. 
arthral (ar'thral), a. [< arthron + -al.'] Of or 
pertaining to an arthron or articulation; ar- 
ticular: as, "the arthral surface of the ilium," 
Wilder and Gage. 
arthralgia (iir-thral'ji-a), n. [NL., < Gr. apBpov, 
joint, + dAyof, pain.] Pain in a joint ; specifi- 
cally, neuralgia in a joint. 
arthralgic (ar-thral'jik), a. Pertaining to ar- 
thralgia. 
arthrerabolus (iir-threm'bo-lus), n. [NL., < 
Gr. apOpcpiio'Aov, an instrument for setting limbs, 
< apdpav, a joint, + e^/)o'^, a putting in place, 
the setting of a limb, < e/ifidMeiv, thrust in : see 
embolus.~] In surg., an instrument formerly used 
in the reduction of dislocations. Dunglison. 
arthria, n. Plural of arthrium. 
arthritic (iir-thrit'ik), a. [(ME. artetike, < OF. 
artetiqne) < L. arthriticus, < Gr. apBpiTiKdc., of 
the joints, gouty, < apBplTtf : see arthritis.] Per- 
taining to the joints, or to arthritis, or specifi- 
cally to the gout ; affecting the joints. 
Pangs arthritic, that infest the toe 
Of libertine excess. Coirper, The Task, i. 
arthritical (iir-thrit'i-kal), a. Same as ar- 
thritic. 
arthritis (ar-thri'tis), . [L., < Gr. apBpiTif 
(sc. voo-of, disease), joint-disease, gout, prop. 
fern, adj., of the joints, < ap6pav, a joint: see 
arthron.] Inflammation of a joint Arthritis 
deformans, rheumatoid arthritis in which considerable 
deformity is produced. See rheumatoid. 
arthrium (ar'thri-um), .; pi. arthria (-a). 
[NL., < Gr. as if "apflpiav, dim. of apBpov, a joint.] 
In en torn., the minute penultimate tarsal joint 
of many Coleoptera. 
arthrobranchia (iir-thro-brang'ki-a), n. ; pi. ar- 
tlirolranehia: (-e). [NL'., < Gr. bftipov, a joint, + 
Ppayxia, gills.] In Crustacea, a distinct respi- 
ratory appendage of the maxillipeds. Hiu'lci/. 
arthrocace (iir-throk'a-se), M. [NL., < Gr. ap- 
Bpov, a joint, + Kauri, badness, vice, < Kan6f, bad.] 
Caries of a joint. Billrpth. 
arthrocacology (ar"thro-ka-kol'o-ji), . [< ar- 
tkrocace + -otogy, q. v.'] The sum of human 
knowledge concerning diseases of the joints. 
