articulate 
human organs, and from tli sounds made by 
the lower animals. The terms ..,(...././/., ortimla 
tin,,, etc . :i^ aj.ph.'.l t.' hiiniiin utterance, are not seldom 
miMundersto.nl iui.1 \vionyly used us if the "jointing in 
tended wen- that "f the physical organ* of uttei .. 
narrowing or closing of the organs at Home point or jMiints. 
Such action, however, belongs to all utterance, articulate 
or Inarticulate, whether of man or of the other animal . 
s, a eontonant, .-.///<*''/-, VOVN /. 
llonee 4. Cleai-; distinct. 
I.U Kosseiwe's voice was naturally oft and low, yet 'twas 
an urti-iilntf voice. >'(.<,-,, Tristram Shandy, y. 1. 
The sentiment of Right, once i.-ry low and indistinct, 
hut ever more artteulatt, because ii is the voice of the 
universe, pronoiince.s Krcc.loin. 
/.'//icy*../*, West Indian Knialieipation, p. IT.'j. 
5. Formulated or expressed in articles, or in 
.separate particnhirs. [Kare.] 
Total changes of party and nrtimlatr opinion, t'lii-li/ti: 
6r. Consisting of tons: as, articulate numbers. 
Articulate adjudication. See adjudication, 
II. n. One of the Articulate. 
articulately (iir-tik'u-lat-li), orfr. 1. Inajoiut- 
eil HKUIIHT; by joints: as, parts of a body ar- 
tn-iiltitely united. 2. In an articulate manner; 
with distinct utterance of syllables or words. 
Is it for nothing the wind sounds almost <//.'c"/.('.'/i/ 
sometimes sings as 1 have lately heard it sing at night ' 
Chili-Inn.- llntntr. Shirley, xxiv. 
3. Article by article; in del nil. 
I had articulately set down in writing our points. 
J-'lltlrr, Cll. Hit., iX. 116. 
articulateness (ur-tik'u-lat-nes), n. The qual- 
ity or condition of being articulate. 
articulation (iir-tik-u-la'shon), n. [< L. articu- 
liititj(n-), a putting forth of new joints, as a vine, 
a disease of the vine at the joints, lit. a joint- 
ing, < artictilare, joint, articulate : see articu- 
late."} 1 . The act of articulating, or the state of 
being articulated, (a) The act of putting to- 
gether so as to form a joint or joints. (6) The 
uttering of articulate sounds. 2. In a con- 
crete sense : (a) In anat., a joint, as the join- 
ing or juncture of bones or of the movable seg- 
ments of an arthropod. The articulations of bones 
are uf three kinds : (1) Diarthrusis, or a movable connec- 
tion with a synovlal cavity, including enarthrosis, or the 
ball-and-socket joint ; arthrodia, or the gliding joint ; gin 
rdynms, or the hlirge-jolnt ; the trochoid, or the wheel-and 
axle joint, otherwise called diarthrosis rotatonus; and the 
condyloid, or saddle-joint. (2) Synarthrosis, immovable 
connection, including suture, gomphosis, and symphysis 
(see these words). (3) Amphiarthrosn, an articulation with 
slight but not free motion, as between the vertebral cen- 
tra. (6) In bot. : (1) A joint; a place where 
separation takes place spontaneously, as at the 
point of attachment of a deciduous organ, such 
as a leaf or the pedicel of a flower, or easily, as 
at the divisions of the stem of the horsetail. (2) 
A node : applied either to the thickened joint- 
like part of the stem where a leaf is placed or 
to the space between two such points, (c) In 
gram., an articulate sound or utterance ; espe- 
cially, a consonant, as ordinarily affecting and 
marking syllabic division.- Acromloclavlcular 
articulation. See acromiuclaricular. Articulation 
of a science, the system upon which its parts are put to- 
gether. Articulation scbool >r Class, a school or class 
in which the deaf and dumb are taught to speak. Cla- 
vate articulation, see clarate. Harmonic articu- 
lation. See harmonic. 
articulative (ar-tik'u-la-tiv), a. [< articulate 
+ -ive."] Pertaining or relating to articulation. 
articulator (ar-tik'u-la-tor), . [< articulate, 
v. t., + -or."] 1. One who articulates, (a) One 
who utters or pronounces words. (6) One who 
articulates bones or mounts skeletons. 2. An 
apparatus for obtaining the correct articulation 
of artificial sets of teeth. 3. A contrivance 
for preventing or curing stammering. 4. An 
attachment to the telephone, producing regu- 
larity of vibrations and smoothness of tone. 
articulatory (ar-tik'u-la-to-ri), a. [< articu- 
late + -on/.] Pertaining to the articulation of 
speech. 
articulus (ar-tik'u-lus), n.; pi. articuli (-Ii). 
[L., a joint: see article."] A joint; specifically, 
one of the joints of the stem of a crinoid. 
artiert, An old form of artery. Marlowe. 
artifact (iir'ti-fakt), n. and a. [< L. ar(t-)s, 
art, -f factus, made: see fact."] 1. n. 1. Any- 
thing made by art; an artificial product. 2. 
A natural object modified by human art. 
Also artefactitni. 
II, o. Not natural, but produced by manipu- 
lation, as some microscopic feature m a hard- 
ened tissue. 
Also spelled artefact. [Rare in all senses.] 
artifex (iir'ti-feks), . [L. : see artifice."] An 
artificer. [Rare.] 
artifice (ar'ti-fis), . [< F. artifice, skill, cun- 
ning, < L. artificium, a craft, employment, art, 
(ei. HI- I if 1. 1- ( 'ii ''>'-), artist, muster in 
any occupation), < ar(t-)n, art, skill, + fin-,,,, 
make.] If. The art of making. 
Strabo aftirmeth the Britons were so simple, that th"ii-h 
Ih. i abounded in milk, they had not Hi. artificial dices. . 
,sV, /'. /,';-../!., Vnlg. KIT., ]). 31:!. 
2t. An ingenious or skilfully contrived work. 
The material universe, which is the ,'.'//.. of I;,N|, the 
art, life of the best ehani.st. 
I',, :!,, ,-!/., Morality, iv. 2, ):!. 
Morality is not the uriitirr of ec. 1. -in ii., 01 -politician*. 
l',:>,i;,,tii,,;i Sooro, XI. 1 1 1. UB. 
3. Skill in designing and employing expedi- 
ents; artful contrivance; address; trickery. 
IHslCougreve's] plot! ai Constructed without much.;, '/ 
fee. . Hist. Kng. Lit., II. -'.17. 
4. A crafty device; an ingcninus expedient; 
trick; shift; piece of finesse. 
Those who were conscious of guilt employed num. M.U- 
n ft I firm for the purpose of alerting immiry. 
Macau/Hi/, Hist. Kng., xxl. 
= Syn. Artifice, Matttrucrr, Ktrnt'i'imi, II'//. 
/'.., device, contrivance, cunning, craft, deception, 
cheat, fraud, guile, imposition, dodge, subterfuge, double- 
dealing. These words generally imply a careful endeavor 
to compass an end by deceiving others, not n. . . ssarilj 
however, wilh evil intent. They all imply management 
and address. An arti/iff is prepared with art or care; it 
is craftily devised, atanccuver suggests soim'thing more 
elaborate or intricate, a carefully contrived movement or 
course of action for a detinite purpose ; it is the quiet or 
secret marshaling of one's intellectual or other resources 
to carry a point. Stratagem is, like mamruver, a figura- 
tive term drawn from war ; it is upon a larger scale what 
wile is upon a smaller, a device to deceive one who U 
the object of an Imagined warfare, so that we may catch 
him at a disadvantage and discomfit him, or, more gener 
ally, a carefully prepared plan to carry one's point with 
another to capture it or him, so to speak. A vrile may 
be peculiarly coaxing or insinuating. Trick is the lowest 
and most dishonorable of these words ; it may be a low 
or underhand act, in violation of honor or propriety, for 
the purpose of cheating, or something as bad. A ruse is 
a deception of some elaborateness, intended to cover one's 
intentions, help one to escape from a predicament, etc.; 
it is a plausible way of bringing about what we desire 
to happen, without apparent interference on our part. 
Finesse is subtlety in action ; It is a more delicate sort of 
artifice. See artful, evasion, and fraud. 
A favorite artifice [with Venetian beggars) is to ap- 
proach Charity with a slice of polenta in one hand, and, 
with the other extended, implore a soldo to buy cheese 
to eat with the polenta. Hovxlls, Venetian Life, xx. 
Pope completely succeeded [in startling the public] by 
the most subtile manoeuvres imaginable. 
/. D' Israeli, Quar. of Auth., II. 100. 
This gold must coin a stratagem, 
Which, cunningly effected, will beget 
A very excellent piece of villainy. 
Shak., Tit. And., ii. S. 
Who can describe 
Women's hypocrisies ! their subtle wUe, 
Betraying smiles, feigned tears, inconstancies : 
Otway, Orpheus. 
But, Valentine being gone, I'll quickly cross, 
By some sly trick, blunt Thurio's dull proceeding. 
Shak., T. O. of V., II. 6. 
The departure of the Mahrattas was a ruse. . . . Their 
object in leaving the Carnatic was to blind Chunder 
Sahib, and in this they fully succeeded. 
J. T. Wheeler, Short Hist. Ind., p. 237. 
I Mont I ue , was not provided with the usual means which 
are considered most efficient in elections, nor possessed the 
interest nor the splendor of his powerful competitors ; he 
was to derive all his resources from diplomatic finesse. 
I. D'ln-atli, Curios, of Lit., IV. -261. 
artificer (ar-tif'i-ser), n. [< ME. artificer (cf. 
mod. F. artificier, maker of fireworks, < ML. 
artifidarius, artist, artisan), < L. artificium: 
see artifice and-erl.] 1. A maker; a construc- 
tor; a skilful or artistic worker ; a handicrafts- 
man ; a mechanic. 
But till some genius as universal as Aristotle shall 
arise, who can penetrate into all arts and sciences without 
the practice of them, I shall think it reasonable that the 
Judgment of an artificer in his own art should be preferable 
to the opinion of another man, at least when he Is not 
bribed by interest, or prejudiced by malice. 
Dryden, Ded. of All for Love. 
Horrible ant-heaps, thick with their artificers. 
It. L. Stevenson, The Dynamiter, p. 251. 
2. One who contrives or devises ; an inventor ; 
especially, an inventor of crafty or fraudulent 
artifices: as, "artificer of fraud," Milton, P. L., 
iv. 121; "artificer of lies," Dryden ; "let you 
alone, cunning artificer," B. Jomon. 3. Milit., 
a soldier-mechanic attached to the artillery 
and engineer service, whose duty it is to con- 
struct and repair military materials. 4f. One 
who uses artifice : an artful or wily person. 
Artificers' knot, a knot consisting of two half-hitches 
thai jam tight when pulled. See knot. 
artificial (ar-ti-fish'al), a. and n. [< ME. arti- 
ficial, < L. artificialis, of or belonging to art, < 
artificium, art, skill, theory, system, etc. : see 
artifice."] I. a. It. Of or pertaining to art ; in 
accordance with the rules of art ; technical. 
2. Contrived with skill or art ; artistically done 
or represented ; elaborate. 
artificially 
It |a |ilelun<| tutors iiatin -tril'c 
Lives ill these tollehes, livelier than life. 
,s7,,/X ., T. irfA.,1 I 
Some birds lilliM Ili^lill in'lllirinl n< -t Coi/e. 
3. Made or contrived liy art, or by human 
skill ami labor: opposed to natural: as, 
jii-ttil heat or light ; an artificial magnet. 
That is the pattern of his father's glory . 
liwdl but amoiwxt us, indu-tr.i .-lull strive 
To make another nriim-inl nat' 
And change all other seasons into ours. 
Itfkb'i- nn,l I'-.fl, Sun's Darling, iv. 1. 
All iirtijii-inl sources of light depend upon the it.-lelop 
nient of li'wht during incaiiiti-srein-.-. l."ni,n>l. Lip!-' 
4. Made in imitation of or as a substitute for 
that which is natural or real : as, artificial _ pearls 
or diamonds; artificial flowers. 5. Feigned; 
fictitious ; assumec'l; utTcetcd; constrained; not 
genuine or natural : said of things. 
I can . . . 
Wet my cheeks with artificial tears, 
And frame my face to all occasions. 
Shat., 3 Hen. VI., iil. _'. 
O let them (the linnets] ne'er with artificial note, 
To please a tyrant, strain the little bill, 
Hut sing what Heaven inspires, and wander where they will. 
Beattif. 
1 1,,. wh.de ,1,-iiiicial dialect of books has come Into play 
as the dialect of ordinary life. De Qvincey, Style, i 
6. Full of affectation ; not natural : said of per- 
sons. 
Cities force growth, and make men talkative and ent*r- 
taining, but they make them ar(i/fci'a/. Emerum, Farming. 
7t. Artful; subtle; crafty; ingenious. 
We, llermia, like two artificial gods, 
Have, with our needles, created both one flower. 
Sluik., M. N. D., iil. 2. 
Artificial argument, in rhet., an argument Invented by 
the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, etc., 
which are called inartificial arguments or proofs. Arti- 
ficial caoutchouc. See caoutchouc. Artificial cinna- 
bar. See cinnabar. Artificial classification, in nat. 
hist., a method of arrangement by a few prominent points 
of resemblance or difference, without reference to natu- 
ral affinities, the chief object being convenience and 
facility of determination. Artificial day. See day. 
Artificial gems, imitations of gems, made of a kind of 
glass called paste or strass, mixed with metallic oxids 
capable of producing the desired color. Artificial har- 
mony. See harmony. Artificial horizon. See />ori- 
zon. Artificial light, any light except what proceeds 
from the heavenly bodies. Artificial lines, on a sector 
or scale, lines so contrived as to represent the logarith- 
mic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of 
numbers, solve with tolerable exactness questions in 
trigonometry, navigation, etc. Artificial marble. See 
marble. Artificial meerschaum. See meerschaum. 
Artificial mineral, a mineral made in the laboratory, not 
by processes of nature alone. Artificial mother. See 
brooder. Artificial numbers, logarithms.- Artificial 
person. See person. Artificial printing, a method 
of printing from an etched plate In which the print owes 
more or less of its tone to the way in which the ink has 
been spread over the plate, whether by playing over the 
surface with a soft muslin rag rolled together, by tinting 
with a stiff rag, or by wiping with the rag only. In arti- 
ficial printing difference of tone is also obtained by in- 
creasing or diminishing the pressure, and by variety of 
texture in the muslin rags used. Also called artistic print- 
iii'i. - Artificial sines, tangents, etc., the logarithms of 
the natural sines, tangents, etc. =Syn. 3. Manufactured. 
4 and 5. Sham, pretended, spurious. 4-6. Unnatural, 
etc. See factitious. 
U. n. I. A production of art. Sir W. Petty. 
[Rare.] 2f. An artificer; an artisan. 
No, sir, ye are deceived, I am no peasant ; I am Bunch 
the botcher : peasants be ploughmen ; I am an artificial. 
Webster (?), Weakest Goeth to the Wall, 111. 0. 
insincerity. 
It is a curious commentary on the artificiality of our 
lives, that men must be disguised and masked before they 
will venture into the obscure corners of their individu- 
ality, and display the true features of their nature. 
Loieell, Fireside Travels, p. 55. 
2. That which is artificial ; an artificial thing 
or characteristic. 
artificialize (ar-ti-fish'al-iz), c. t. ; pret. and pp. 
artificialized, ppr. artificializing. [< artificuil 
+ -tee."] To render artificial. [Rare.] 
It has artiticialized large portions of mankind. 
J. S. Mill, Pol. Econ., 11. 12. 
artificially (ar-ti-fish'al-i), adv. 1. In an arti- 
ficial manner ; by art or human skill and con- 
trivance. 
The entire spot, church, mansion, cottages, and people, 
form a piece of ancient England artificially preserved 
from the intrusion of modern ways. 
Fraud*, Sketches, p. 233. 
2f. With good contrivance ; with skill or inge- 
nuity. 
A grove of stately trees, amongst which are sheepe, 
shepherds and wild beasts, cat very artificially in a grey 
stone. Evelyn, Diary, Oct. 17, 1644. 
The spider's web, finely and artificially wrought 
Tillotton, Sermons, I. xv. 
