artificially 
3. Artfully; craftily. [Rare.] 
There was not, perhaps, in nil England a person who 
understood more artiflaauu to disguise her passions than 
the late queen. 9w\ft, <'han.':c in ijucen s Ministry. 
artificialness (iir-ti-fish'al-iios), . The quality 
of being urtilicial. 
artificioust (iir-ti-fish'us). a. [< V. artificiciijc, < 
L. artijicinsus, made with art, artificial, < arti- 
Hc.iitm. art, etc.: see artifice.] Same as arti- 
'fcinl. 
artilizet (iir'ti-liz), r. /. ; jiret. and pp. artili^ed, 
ppr. <irtili:in<j. [< OF. artinliser, make artificial 
(Cotgrave), as if < "artial, adj., < art + -ial: 
see art, -id, -i:c, and cf. natur-al-ix. Cf. also 
OF. artillcr, fortify, equip, also prepare or do 
with art: see artillcr.] To give an appearance 
of art to ; render artificial. [Rare.] 
If I was a philosopher, says Montaigne, I would natural- 
ize art, instead of artiliziny nature. The expression is 
odd, but the sense is good. l'>nlii/<i-'n-<ike, To Pope. 
artillert, [ME., also arteller, < OF. artiller, 
urtillier, arteillcr (also articulier, after the ML.) 
= Sp. artillero = Pg. artilhciro = It. artigliere 
(ML. reflex artillerus, etc.), < ML. *articulari- 
us (cf. OF. artillcr, artillier, fortify, equip, pro- 
vide with artillery, also prepare or do with art, 
= Sp. artillar = Pg. artilhar = It. artioliare, 
provide with artillery, < ML. *articulare), < 
ML. articula, art, articulum, art, artifice, skill, 
dim. of L. ar(t-)s, art. Cf. engine and gin*, ult. 
< L. ingenium, genius, skill. The word has 
also been referred to L. articulm ( > OF. arteil, 
artoil), a joint, dim. of L. artits, a joint, which 
is closely related.] A maker of implements of 
war, especially, a bowyer. 
artillerist (ar-til'e-rist), n. [< artillery + -ist.] 
1. A person skilled in designing and construct- 
ing artillery. 
Our artillerists have paid more attention ... to the de- 
structive properties ... of cannon than to ... range. 
li. A. Proctor, Light Science, p. 258. 
2. One skilled in the use of artillery; a gun- 
ner ; an artilleryman. 
artillery (ar-til'e-ri), 11. [< ME. artylerye, ar- 
tylrie, artilrie, artelrie, etc., (. OF. artillerie, 
arteillerie = Pr. artilheria = Sp. artilleria = Pg. 
artilharia = It. artiglieria (ML. reflex artilla- 
ria, artilleria), < ML. as if "articiilaria, fern, ab- 
stract to *articularius : see artiller and -cry.] 
If. Implements of war : in this sense formerly 
with a plural. 
With tonres suche as have castiles and other maner edi- 
fices, and armure, and artilries. 
Chaucer, Tale of Melibeus. 
In particular 2f. Engines for discharging mis- 
siles, as catapults, bows, crossbows, slings, etc. 
And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said 
unto him, Go, carry them to the city. 1 Sam. xx. 40. 
The Parthians, having all their hope in artillery, over- 
came the Romans of tener than the Romans them. A wham. 
3. In modern use, properly, all firearms dis- 
charged from carriages, in contradistinction to 
small arms, which are discharged from the 
hand; cannon; ordnance. Guns, howitzers, and 
mortars are the three kinds of artillery employed in the 
land service of the United States. They are classified as 
lirjht and heavy artillery, according to their character, and 
as field, siege, and Ren-coast artillery, according to their 
principal use. See phrases below. 
Hence 4. The particular troops employed in 
the service of such firearms. 5. The science 
which treats of the use and management of ord- 
nance Artillery fire. See fire. Field-artillery. 
Same as liffht artUleni, Imt often used specifically for foot- 
artillery, the heaviest class of field-artillery. Flying ar- 
tillery, artillery designed for very rapid evolutions, the 
gunners being either all mounted or accustomed to ride up- 
on the ammunition-chests when the pieces are to be dragged 
from one part of the fleld to another. Foot-artillery, 
field-artillery which is served by artillerymen on foot, as 
distinguished from horse-artillery. It is used in connec- 
tion with infantry. Heavy artillery, all artillery not 
formed into batteries or equipped lor field evolutions ; it 
is divided into tierje and Rta-coaxt artillery. Horse-ar- 
tillery, light fleld- or machine-guns, of which the can- 
noneers In manoeuvering or marching are mounted on 
horsel>ack. It generally accompanies cavalry. Light 
artillery, artillery for service in the fleld. It is organized 
into batteries, and is armed with guns of different cali- 
bers according to its special function, and with machine- 
guns, and includes flying artillery, loot- or field-artillery, 
horse-artillery, and mountain -artillery. Also called feW- 
artillei-y.- Mountain-artillery, light artillery of small 
caliber, used in mountain warfare, and mounted either on 
light carnages or on pack-animals for transportation. 
Park of artillery. See park. Royal regiment of ar- 
tillery, a collective name for the whole of the artillery 
belonging to the British army. This force is divided into 
a number of brigades, which in respect of size would cor- 
respond with the regiments into which the other forces 
aredivided. Sea-coast artillery, artillery consisting of 
guns of the heaviest caliber, used for the armament of per- 
manent works chiefly on the sea-coast. Their carriages do 
not subserve the purposs of transportation. Four distinct 
systems of mounting are use-1 with such artillery, name- 
ly, the siege-, the casemate-, the barbette-, and the nwrtar- 
328 
carriaaf. Siege-artillery, artillery used in attacking 
fortified places, and, when it accompanies armies in their 
operations in war, mounted on carriages for transporta- 
tion ; when employed in the defense of field-works it is 
sometimes called yarrison-artillery. Train of artillery, 
a number of pieces of ordnance, mounted on carriages, 
with all their furniture, and ready for marching. 
artillery-carriage (ar-tn'e-ri-kar/aj), n. See 
ffiin-carrifit/r. 
artillery-level (ar-til'e-ri-lev'el), n. An in- 
strument for indicating the angle of elevation 
which it is desired to give to a piece of artillery 
in aiming. It is made to stand on the piece, and 
marks, by means of a pendulous pointer, the angle made 
by the axis of the piece with the horizon. 
artilleryman (iir-til'e-ri-man), .; pi. artillery- 
men (-men). [< artillery + wan.] One who 
serves a piece of artillery or cannon ; a soldier 
in the artillery corps. 
artillery-plant (iir-til'e-ri-plant), . A name 
given to some cultivated species of Pilea, as P. 
serpyllifolia and P. muscosa, natives of tropi- 
cal America. The name has allusion to the forcible 
discharge of the pollen from the anthers by the sudden 
straightening of the elastic filaments. 
artimorantico (iir-ti-mor-iin-te'ko), n. An alloy 
imitating old gold, composed of tin, bismuth, 
sulphur, and copper. 
artiodactyl, artiodactyle (iir"ti-o-dak'til), a. 
and n. [\ NL. artindactyltis, < Gr. aprios, even in 
number, complete, perfect^ exact (('apri, just, 
exactly, just now, < / *ap, join, fit, redupl. 
pres. apapiansiv : see arts, arm 2 , etc. ), -t- MKTVAOC,, 
a finger, toe: see dactyl."] I. a. Of or pertain- 
ing to the Artiodactyla ; cloven-footed; even- 
toed. Also artiodactylous. 
II. . One of the Artiodactyla. 
Artiodactyla (ar"ti-o-dak'ti-ia), n. pi. [NL., 
neut. pi. of artiodactylus : see artiodactyl.] An 
order or a suborder of ungulate or hoofed mam- 
mals which are cloven-footed or even-toed and 
have hoofs in pairs (either two or four), as all 
ruminants (Bocidte, Cervida?, etc.) and hog-like 
ungulates (Hippopotamidw, Suidte, etc.): op- 
posed to odd-toed ungulates or Perissodactyla, 
as the horse, rhinoceros, tapir, etc. The charac- 
ter indicated in the name is only one expression of a wide 
difference which exists between all the living ungulates of 
the two series named, though various extinct lorms go lar 
toward bridging over the gap between them. The func- 
tional digits of the Artiodactyla are the third and fourth 
ol the typical pentadactyl loot, forming the pair of large 
true hoofs, in addition to which there may be present a 
pair (second and fifth) of smaller hoofed digits, the false 
hoofs. The metacarpals and metatarsals are correspond- 
ingly modified, in typical cases by the reduction of the lat- 
eral ones (second and fifth) and the ankylosis of the en- 
larged third and fourth into a stout single canon-bone. 
A 3 
Artiodactyl Feet. 
A, Yak (Bos grunnicns}. E, Moose (Alces malcftis). C. Peccary 
( Dicotyles torqitatus}. Left fore foot of each. s t scaphoid ; I. lu. 
nar ; c , cuneiform ; /, trapezoid ; nt, magnum ; u, uncif^rm ; f, 
pisiform; //, ///, //', I/, second, third, fourth, and fifth digits; i, 
proximal phalanx ; 2, median phalanx ; 3, ultimate phalanx. The 
fifth digit of moose is moved outward to show its length. In Bof and 
A Ices metacarpals /// and IV are fused in a single canon-bone. 
There are also modifications of the carpal and tarsal bones. 
The femur has a third trochanter. The dorsolumbar ver- 
tebrae are, in general, 19: dorsal 12-15, lumbar 7-t. The 
premaxillary Iwnes are more or less flattened toward their 
ends, and in the ruminants bear no teeth. The stomach 
is more or less subdivided and complex. This group in- 
cludes all the ungulate (not the solidungulate, however) 
animals domesticated from time immemorial, as the rumi- 
nants and the pigs, all the wild ruminants, as the deer and 
antelopes, and the peccaries and hippopotamuses. 
artiodactyle, . and n. See artiodactyl. 
artiodactylous (ar'ti-o-dak'ti-lus), a. [As ar- 
tiodactyl + -ous.] Same as artiodactyl. 
artisan (ar'ti-zan, in England often ar-ti-zan'), 
n. [Also artizan; < F. artisan, earlier artisien, 
artist, = Sp. artesano = Pg. artesSo = It. arti- 
tliano (ML. reflex artesanus), < ML. *artitianug, 
< L. artitus, skilled, pp. of artire, instruct in 
arts, < ar(t-)s, art, skill: see art*.] 1. One 
artless 
skilled in any art, mystery, or trade ; a handi- 
craftsman ; a mechanic. 
The painter who is content with the praise of the world 
in respect to what does not satisfy himself, is not an artist, 
but an artiiffin. Allxttin. 
The soldier was on a sudden converted into an artisan, 
and, instead of war, the camp echoed with the sounds of 
peaceful labor. Preacott, Ferd. and Isa., I. 15. 
2t. One skilled in a fine art ; an artist. 
Best and happiest artisan, 
Best of painters. Guardian. 
artist (iir'tist), n. [< F. artiste = Sp. Pg. It. ar- 
tista, < ML. artista, < L. ar(t-)s, art: see art 2 and 
-z's^.] If. A person of especial skill or ability 
in any field ; one who is highly accomplished ; 
especially, one versed in the liberal arts. 
The wise and fool, the artist and unread. 
,SVijfc.,T. andC.,i. 8. 
Some will make me the pattern of ignorance for mak- 
ing this Scaliger [Julius Cjesar] the pattern of the general 
artut, whose own son Joseph might have been his father 
in many arts. Fuller. 
2. One skilled in a trade ; one who is master 
of a manual art ; a good workman in any trade : 
as, a tonsorial artist. [Obsolete, colloquial, or 
vulgar.] 
When I made this an artist undertook to imitate it, but 
using another way, fell much short. Newton. 
" You shall have no cause to rue the delay," said the 
smith, " for your horse shall be better fed in the mean- 
time than he hath been this morning, and made fitter for 
travel." With that the artist left the vault, and returned 
after a few minutes interval. Scott, Kenilworth, I. ix. 
3. One who practises any one, or any branch, 
of the fine arts ; specifically, a painter or a 
sculptor. 
Miss Sharp's father was an artiat, and ill that quality had 
given lessons of drawing in Miss P.'s school. 
Thackeray, Vanity Fair, I. ii. 
Love, unperceived, 
A more ideal artist he than all, 
Came, drew your pencil from you. 
Tennymn, Gardener's Daughter. 
4. A member of one of the histrionic profes- 
sions, as an actor, a tenor, or a dancer. 5. In 
universities, a student in the faculty of arts. 
6t. One who practises artifice; a trickster. 
artiste (ar-tesf), )i. [F., an artist: see artist.] 
One who is peculiarly dexterous or skilful in 
the practice of some art not one of the fine 
arts; one who makes an art of his employ- 
ment, as a dancer, a hair-dresser, or a cook: 
same as artist, 2 and 4. 
artistic (iir-tis'tik), a. [< F. artistique, < artiste : 
see artist and -ic.] Pertaining to art in any 
sense, or to artists ; characterized by or in con- 
formity with art or with an art ; displaying per- 
fection of design or conception and execution ; 
specifically, pertaining to or characterized by 
art in the esthetic sense ; pertaining to one of 
the fine arts. 
To be artixtic, that is, to excite the feeling of beauty 
effectually, the notes [of a song] must not be all forte or 
all piano ; and the execution is the finer the more numer- 
ous the gradations supposing these are such as to satisfy 
other requirements. H. Spencer, Prin. of Psychol., 537. 
Artistic printing, in etching, same as artificial print- 
itui (which see, imder artificial). 
artistical (ar-tis'ti-kal), a. 1. Same as artistic. 
2f. Produced by art ; artificial. 
artistically (ar-tis'ti-kal-i), adv. In an artistic 
manner. 
artist-like (ar'tist-lik), a. 1. Befitting an ar- 
tist. 2. Executed in the manner of an artist ; 
conformable to the rules of art. 
To this day, though we have more finished drawings, we 
have no designs that are more artist-like. 
Whewell, Hist. Induct. Sciences, xvii. 2. 
artistry (Sr'tis-tri), n. [< artist + -ry : see -fry.] 
1. Artistic pursuits collectively. Browning. 
2. Artistic workmanship or effect; artistic 
quality. 
The scene overbowered by these heavenly frescoes, 
moldering there in their airy artistry '. 
11. James, Jr., Trans. Sketches, p. 203. 
Artium Baccalaureus (ar'ti-um bak-a-la're- 
us). [ML., NL.] Bachelor of Arts. See bachelor. 
Artium Magister (ar'ti-um ma-jis'ter). [ML., 
NL.] Master of Arts. See master. 
artizet (ar'tiz), e. [< arft + -!>e.] I. trans. To 
form by art. 
H. intrans. To live by or exercise an art. 
Florio. 
artless (art'les), a. [< art? + -less.] 1. Un- 
skilful ; wanting art, knowledge, or skill. 
The high-shoed plowman, should he quit the land, . 
Artless of stars, and of the moving sand. 
Dryden, tr. of Persius, Satires, v. 149. 
In early times very little that resembles modern joinery 
was known ; every part was rude, and joined in the most 
artless manner. Encyc. Brit., IV. 485. 
