artless 
2. Without knowledge of art ; ignorant ( the 
(iin' arts. [Rare.] 
Anil as fur .Mr. Ktlskin's world of art being a place 
where he nuiy take HIV; easily, woe to tin- hn-kless nu.i Mil 
who enters it with any surh disposition. . . . The poor 
wanderer SIMIII lupins to look hark with infinite longing 
to the lost paradise of tin- iirtli'xx. 
II. .Iniiirx. Jr., I'ortraits of I'laees, p. IW. 
3. Showing no artistic skill i inartistic ; rude. 
[Bare.] 
Hail it been a practice uf the Saxons tn set up Ihese 
assemblages of urtli'.<H and massy pillars, mole specimens 
would have remained. T. \Vttflnn. Hist, of Kiddington. 
4. Free from guile, craft, or stratagem; sinijili'; 
sincere; unaffected; imdcsigning; uusophisti- 
cated: as, an url/m mind. 
Tile little itrtli-M Kosc.v \\:irliled on her pretty ditties. 
rAOI '' i-nii. The Nc.ueoiues, II. .VS. 
= Syn. 4. Guileless, open, candid, frank, natural, unaf 
fectcd, ingenuous, simple ininileil. naive. It. -nest. 
artlessly (iirt 'los-lh, mlr. In an artless man- 
ni-r. (,i) Will. ..nl art orskill. [Rare.] (li) With- 
out guile; naturally; sincerely; unaffectedly. 
Some liuds she arranged with a vast deal of care, 
To look as if nrtlfKHly twilled in her hair, 
l.inivll, Fable for Critics. 
artlessness (iirt'les-nes), . The quality of 
being artless; simplicity; sincerity; onameet- 
edness. 
artlyt (iirt'li), a. [< art* + -lyl.] Artistic: 
skilful; artful. [Rare.] 
'I'heir <ii-tli/ and pleasing relation. 
Chapman, Odyssey, ix. '.nti. 
artocarpad (iir-to-kiir'pad), n. A member of 
tlic tribe Artncarpeie, lAndley. 
Artocarpeae (itr-to-kar'po-e), . pi. [NL., < Ar- 
tocarpiis, q. v.] A tribe of trees or shrubs 
under the natural order Urticaccie, but by some 
botanists retained as a distinct order, charac- 
terized generally by a milky juice, small uni- 
sexual flowers numerous upon a fleshy recep- 
tacle, erect anthers, and pendulous ovules. 
There are about 2n genera, including the fig (Fwnw), the 
eo\v-trce(/>V<>x/m/Mu), the upas (^4 ntiaris), the india-nibber 
tree of Central America (Castilloa), and the breadfruit 
(Ai-(<-iii-fiiix). The tribe is mostly tropieal, and is repre- 
sented in the I'nited States only by a few species of >'teiw 
in southern Florida. 
artocarpous, artocarpeous (iir-to-kar'pus, 
-pe-us), a. [< NL. Artocarpun + -oits, -eous, q. y.] 
Re'lating to the Artocarpete, or to the breadfruit- 
tree. 
Artocarpus (iir-to-kar'pus), n. [NL., < Gr. 
apTof, bread (of unknown origin), + /capirof, 
fruit.] A genus of tropical trees, natural order 
Urticacece, tribe Artocarpeas. Many species are 
known, some of which in the forests of Bengal and Mala- 
bar yield valuable timber, called anffttfaeood* The most 
important species is A. incuta. the breadfruit-tree of the 
South Sea islands. See bivmlfriiil-tivr. The jaca-tree or 
jack-tree, A. inteijrifolia, is the breadfruit of tropical Asia, 
where it is extensively used for food. See mctyruit. 
artolatert, [< Gr. a/jrof, bread, + -/lar^f, 
worship. Seeartolati'y.] A worshiper of bread. 
artqlatryt (ar-tol'a-tri), . [< Gr. apraf, bread, 
+ Aarpeia, worship.] The worship of bread, 
especially in the mass or eucharist. 
artole (ar'to-le), n. An East Indian weight, 
equal to 90 grains troy. 
artophorion (iir-to-fo'ri-on), . ; pi. artophoria 
(-a). [Gr. a/>T<xj>6piov, a pyx, a bread-basket 
(cf. dpro^o/wf, holding bread), < a/rrof, bread, + 
-<t>opof, < <j>ep?tv = E. bear 1 .] In the Gr. Ch., a 
pyx. J. M. Neale, Eastern Church, i. 
artotype (iir'to-tip), n. [Irreg. < art'* + type.] 
A form of photolithograph printed in ink from 
a photographic plate in bichromated gelatin. 
artotypy (ar'to-tl-pi), n. The art or process 
of making artotypes. 
Artotyrite (ar-to-trrit), n. [< LL. Artotyrita;, 
pi., < Gr. aprfcvpof, bread and cheese, < aprof, 
bread, + rtyxif, cheese. Cf. butter.] One of a 
sect in the primitive church who used bread 
and cheese in the eucharist, alleging that the 
first oblations of man were the fruits of the 
earth and the produce of their flocks. They 
admitted women to the priesthood and to the 
episcopate. 
artsman (iirts'man), .; pi. artsmen (-men). 
[< art's, poss. of 'arft, + num. Cf. craftsman.] 
A man skilled in an art or in the arts; espe- 
cially, a learned man ; a scholar. [Archaic.] 
The pith of all sciences which inaketh the artnnan differ 
from the inexpert is in the middle proposition. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, II. xiii. 2. 
The triumphs of an artsman 
O'er all infirmities. 
Alamtinffer, Emperor of the East, iv. 4. 
No artsman is literally without conscious and systema- 
ti/ed, selected knowledge, which is science ; and no scien- 
titie man can remain absolutely inoperative. 
Dr. J. Umini, Spare Hours, 3d ser., p. 195. 
macttlatum). 
329 
art-union (iirt'u-nyon), M. An association or 
society the object of which is to cultivate art, 
to aid in extending the knowledge of and love 
for the arts of design, or to give encouragement 
and aid to artists. The method emplo.\i-d b> assoeia 
tions called art-iini'ins has been usually the distribution 
of works of art by lot among subscribers to their funds, 
this distribution Iwing Ihe chief inducement for subsi rip 
tion. Such art unions uere at one lime numerous in the 
railed Slates, but they \>ere generally dec-land by the 
courts to be of the nature of lotteries, and therefore illegal. 
artus (iir'ttis), .; pi. urtnu. [L., a joint, a 
limb: xcc iii'tii-li-.] \\\<iiint., a limb; a member; 
.111 extremity. Artus abdominalis, artua pelvi- 
cus, artus postlcus, the abdominal, pelvic, orbimllimb. 
Artus antlcus, artus pectoralls, the fore limb, , 
pectoral limb. 
art-wormt, . [As art(er) + inini/.] Hame as 
nrli r. 
Arum (a'runi), n. [L., also aroii, < (!r. apov, 
tin- wake-robin.] 1. A genus of plants, natural 
order Aracece, na- 
tives of Europe 
and of regions 
bordering on the 
Mediterranean. 
The- only llritisb spe 
cies is A. maeulalum 
(wake-robin, cuckoo- 
Ct, or lords-and- 
ies), the root of 
which yields a starch 
known as Portland 
sago or arrowroot. 
See also cut under 
Aracece. 
2. [1. c.] A name 
given in the 
United States to 
plants belonging 
to the order Aracece, but not to the genus 
Arum (although some of them were formerly so 
classed), as the arrow-arum (I'eltandra Viryini- 
ca), the dragon-arum (Arismna Dracontium), 
and the water-arum (Calla iialustris). 
Arundelian (ar-un-de'lyan), a. Pertaining to 
an Earl of Arundel, particularly to Thomas How- 
ard, Earl of Arundel and of Norfolk (1592-1646). 
Arundelian or Arundel marbles. See marble. 
arundiferous (ar-un-dif 'e-rus), a. [< L. arun- 
difer, harundifcr, cane-bearing, < harundo, reed, 
cane, + ferre = E. bear^.] Producing reeds or 
canes. 
arundinaceous (a-mn -di-na ' shius), a. [< L. 
arundinaceus, harundinaceuy, like a reed, < lia- 
rundo (-din-), a reed, cane.] Pertaining to a 
reed ; resembling a reed or cane. 
Arundinaria (a-run-di-na'ri-a), n. [NL., < 
Arundo (Aruiidin-) + -aria.] A genus of tall 
woody grasses, allied to the bamboo, includ- 
ing about 25 species of America and Asia. 
A. macroitperma, the cane of the southern t'nited States, 
and .1. ! ,'tii. the small or switch cane, are the only bam- 
busaceous species that are found in North America north 
of Mexico. The cane ranges from Texas to Kentucky and 
Virginia, occupying rich river-bottoms and forming dense 
cane-brakes. It grows to a height of from 10 to 40 feet, 
rarely producing seed. It is used for fishing-rods and va- 
rious other purposes, and cattle and hogs are fond of the 
young plants anil the seeds. 
arundineous (ar-un-din'e-us), a. [< L. arundi- 
neus, harundineus, reedy, like a reed, < harundo 
(-din-), a reed. ] Resembling a reed ; reedy. 
Arundinicola (a-run-di-nik'o-lii), n. [NL., < 
L. arundo, harundo (-din-), reed, + colere, in- 
habit.] A genns of South American clama- 
torial passerine birds, of the family Tijrannidic. 
A. leucocepltala and A. dominicana are two Bra- 
zilian species. Lafresnaye, 1839. 
arundinose (a-run'di-nos), a. [< L. arundino- 
sus, better harundinosiis, abounding in reeds, < 
harundo (-din-), a reed.] Abounding in reeds. 
Arundo (a-run'do), n. [L. arundo, better ha- 
rundn, a reed.] A genus of tall reedy grasses, 
with large, dense flowering panicles. There are 
6 or 7 species, widely distributed over the globe, of which 
.1. Dttnax is the most common, a native of the south of 
Europe, Egypt, and the East, and also found in the 
warmer parts of America. It is sometimes cultivated, 
and attains a height of 9 or 10 feet, or even more, with 
broad and long leaves. Its canes or stems are imported 
from Spain and Portugal for the use of weavers and for 
fishing-rods. 
amra (a-ro'rji), . [< Gr. apovpa, tilled or arable 
land, ground, a measure of laud in Egypt, < 
apoeiv, plow, = L. arare, plow: see arable.] An 
ancient Egyptian measure of surface, accord- 
ing to Herodotus the square of 100 cubits, 
which would be 27.35 ares, or 0.676 of an Eng- 
lish acre. Under Roman rule in Egypt another arura 
was established, equal to 2 jugcra, which was -^ of the 
old arura. Also spelled artmra. 
aruspex, aruspice (a-rus'peks, -pis), n. ; pi. 
nnitiiiii't'n (-pi-sez). See haruspex. 
aruspicy (a-rus'pi-si), . See haruspicy. 
ary 
arval 1 , arvel (iir'val. -vel), . and n. (Now 
onlydial.. ;il><> / 1 // ami ni'r/ill, formerly arrall, 
nrrill,<. ME. ttrrtlt (cf. e<|iiiv. \V. /-///, apptir. 
n<l;i|ili-d from the 10. ), appal'. < led. (;;//'/ = ( )Sw. 
iirnil = ])an. nrrriil. n wake, a funeral feast (cf. 
led. rrli and rrj'illin-iililf, the same). < Ic^d. arfr 
(= Sw. nrf Dan. nrr = AS. <-rl'i; .'/';/'), inheri- 
tance, + nl, an ale. a feast: see <il< . and cf. 
liriilnl.] I. a. A funeral feast; awake. 
II. n. Connected with or relating to funeral 
celebrations. 
'file inarriaL-- ami uri'iil ".alhenn-s after the summer. 
K,i:-!ti: /;.-.'., Ml, MB. 
arval- (iir'val), . [< L. arrttli.t, < itrniai. ii field, 
proji. neut. of nrruK, that has been plowed, < 
arare, plow: see arable.] Pertaining or relat- 
ing to arable or plowed land.^ Arval Brethren or 
Brothers I Latin. Fiiiln Arrnl. -I. a i-ollege nominally of 
luelve priests in aneient Koine, \vho ottere-l saeritlees, 
with a lixed eeiemonml, t<) the rural goddess Dia. Ib- 
lists of them never give more than nine names, but the 
eolle-.'e was supposed to have been instituted by KonilllllH 
with twelve IIH nib. i -. n insist ing of himself and his eleven 
foster-brothers, sons of his nurse Ana I. amentia, one of 
their principal duties was the annual performance of the 
public ainliai-v.ilia on the borders of the country at the 
same time with the private ones. See ambarvalia. The 
college evisted till about A. ]>. 400. 
arvel, . and a. See arvafi. 
Arvicola (ar-vik'o-la), n. [NL., < L. arvum, a 
field, arable land (see arvaft), + colere, inhabit.] 
The central and typical genus of the subfam- 
ily Arrimlinii', containing the great bulk of the 
species which have perennial prismatic molars, 
Meadow-mouse (Ai-vitola rifariiis). 
ungrooved incisors, and no special peculiarity 
Of the tail or claws. The test-known species are the 
water-vole aud field-vole of Europe, A. amphilnut and 
A. agrestiz, and several meadow-mice of North America, 
as A, ripariits, A. (iitfttfrux, and A. pinetonnn. 
arvicolid (ar-vik'o-lid), n. Same as amcoline. 
Arvicolidae (ar-vi-kol'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < Ar- 
vicola + -id<c.] The Anicolince, rated as a fam- 
ily. Waterliouse, 1840. 
Arvicolinae (iir-vik-o-li'ne), n. pi. [NL., < 
Arvicola + -ina;.] One of several subfamilies 
into which the family Muridu; is divided, it 
contains those miirine rodents which (except Emtomyn) 
have the following characters : perennially growing, 
prismatic, rootless molars, with flat crowns ami sen-ate 
periphery; incisors usually broader transversely than in 
the opposite direction ; the root of the under incisor some- 
times causing a protuberance on the inner side of the 
mandibular ramus between the condyloid process and 
the strong hamulate angle of the mandible, which latter 
attains the level of the molar crowns ; the zygomata high 
and wide, not dipping to the level of the arched palate, 
and the nasal tones not produced beyond the premaxil- 
laries ; and the dental formula of 1 1; teeth, there being 1 
incisor and 3 molars on each side of each jaw, without 
any canines or premolars. The Arvicolitiit are specially 
characteristic of the northern hemisphere, and are very 
abundant in high latitudes. They include all kinds of 
voles or fleld-mice properly so called, the water-rat of 
Europe, the meadow-mice of America, the lemmings, the 
muskrat, etc. The leading genera are : Ervtvinyti (Coues), 
Arvicola (Lacepcde) with ita several subdivisions, St/nap- 
tomi/s (liaird), Mi/odes (Pallas), CumVruitu (Waglerj, and 
Fiber (Cuvier). The species are very numerous, 
arvicoline (iir-vik'o-lin), a. and M. [< NL. ar- 
vicolinus : see ArvicoliiKe.] I. a. 1. Inhabiting 
fields. 2. In zoo'l., having the characters of 
the Arricolin<f. 
II. n. A rodent of the subfamily Arvicolina. 
Also called arvicolid. 
arvicolous (ar-vik'o-lus), a. Same as arrico- 
linc, 1. 
arwet, A Middle English form of arrow. 
( 'liinicer. 
ary (ar'i or er'i), a. [Formerly also ery, a modi- 
fication of e'er a for erer a (with ever in a gen- 
eralizing sense) toward any, of which ary is 
now regarded as a dial. form. Cf. the negative 
nary.] Any: as, I haven't seen ary one of 
them. [Prov. Bug. and U. S.] 
