Ascidia 
has been used In breathing. A single nervous mass asciferOUS (a-sif e- 
or ganglion represents the nervous system, this mass be- rl m\ ,, rs INJT. 'o 
ing placed between tin- two apertures of the body. .Male 
and female reproductive organs exist in each ascidian. 
These animals m;iy be tiinrih'or tint }>['. *<><-<<il. nr r<>m/"'//'/. 
In social uctdlaiu (lie peduncles of a number of indi- 
viduals are united into u common tubular stem, with a 
partial common circulation of blood. The species are 
more or less gelatinous, and some are used as food in 
China and on the shores of the Mediterranean. The 
Ascidia are divisible into two orders not well defined, 
railed /;//</"'/< and .lw/V/<m//(, anil by other names, one 
containing the Safpnltf and Doliotiiitr, the other the rest 
of the class. Also written Axciilitv. See cuts under A}>- 
{ii'n<Hi-t<n->ii, l)liti/i{lrt'. Sriljxt, and Tunicata. 
2. [Used as a singular.] Less proper form of 
Ascidium. 3. [/. c.] Plural of iixciilhini. 2. 
Ascidiacea (a-sid-i-a'se-a), u. ///. [NL., < Ascid- 
ium + -acett.] Same as'Ascidioida, 2. 
Ascidiae (a-sid'i-e). . j>l. [NL., pi. of Ascidia, 
2.] 1. Ill Gegenlmur's system of classification, 
a division of Arn/xi, embracing the true ascid- 
ians as distinguished from the Pyrosomatida>, 
DplioMu; and Kali>idn: It contains three groups, aSClteS (a-si ten), . 
Simptii-* \, Nf.cm^-.*. and Cf>ntj>xil"', or the simi>le, social, 
and compound ascidians. 
2. Same as Ascidia, 1. 
ascidian (a-sid'i-an), n, and n. [< Ascidium + 
-fin.J I. a. Of or belonging to the Ascidia or 
Tmiicata. 
II. . One of the Ascidia or Tunicata; a 
sea-squirt. 
.1 scidiarium (a-sid-i-a'ri-um), n.; pi. ascidiaria 
334 
cus, q. v.. + L. ferrc 
= K. /Wri.] Hav- 
ing asci. 
There is a parallelism 
between the fructifica- 
tion of lichens and the 
/(xr//'<'ro(/x section of 
fungi. 
Kiifiic. I'jfil. . XIV. 557. 
ascigerous (a-sij'e- 
rus), a. [< XL. as- 
cux, q. v., + L. ge- 
rere, bear.] In hot.. 
bearing asci, as li- 
chens and ascomy- 
cetous fungi. See 
unrus, and compare 
[L., < Gr. 
(sc. I'iiauc, disease), 
a kind of dropsy, 
\s> iiliimi of a Plant. 
ascribable 
Asclepias (as-kle'pi-as), n. [NL., < Gr. < 
mac., an uncertain plant, < 'AmAi/moc. Doric 'Aa- 
Ktjmrtfa, Asclepius, > L. JEsculapius, ^Esculapius, 
the tutelary god of medicine.] A large genus 
of North American herbs, natural order Asclepi- 
adacecE, popularly known as milkweed or silk- 
weed. The plants are perennial herbs with milky juice, 
mostly upright with opposite or verticillate leaves, the 
flowers in umbels, and the seeds tufted with long silky 
hairs. Of the more than 70 species, nearly 50 are found 
within the United States. The butterfly-weed or pleurisy- 
root. A. tubfnma, has diaphoretic and mild purgative prop- 
erties. The bastard ipecacuanha of the West Indies, A. 
OHftMfttvfaa, is a powerful emetic. Some of the species 
afford an excellent fiber. 
ascocarp (as'ko-karp), . [< Gr. amo;, a bag 
(see ascus), + 'ra/jjrof, fruit.] The developed 
fructification in Ascomycetes, consisting of asci 
and ascophores. 
ascogenous (as-koj'e-nus), a. [< Gr. aanoc,, a 
bag (see tixcitx), + -~;n'//r, producing: see -ge- 
HIIIIX.] In hot., producing asci: applied to the 
hyphas upon which asci are developed in the 
ascomycetous fungi. 
ascogone (as'ko-gon), n. Same as a-tseogonium . 
< dtTA-of, a leathern Leaf of pitcher-piam (Ntftnthts) ascogonium (as-ko-go'iii-um). i. ; pi. 
^^"eTut^tch^'^om'T.f (-JV). [NL., < Gri loK&t, a bag (see 
i Decaisne'i ' 
ral de Botanique.") 
bag, a bladder : see 
ascus.~\ In patliol., 
a collection of se- 
rous fluid in the peritoneal cavity; dropsy of 
the belly. 
n), + 
--jovoc., producing : see -gony.] The female or- 
gan in certain of the lower cryptogams, which 
after fertilization develops asci. Also called 
carpogoniiim and arcliicarp. 
(-a). [NL., < Ascidium + -ariunt.] A compound ascitic (a-sit'ik), a. Kelating to ascites ; drop- Ascomycetes (as"ko-ml-se'tez), n. pi. [NL., < 
ascidian, consisting of two or more individual sical. n ~ -' ~ 1 ' x -^ ' - 
ascidiozooids. See cut under cyathozooid. ascitical (a-sit'i-kal), a. Same as ascitic. 
It [a fixed aseidian] may remain simple, or it may de- aSCititioUS (as-i-tlsh'us), a. Same as adsciti- 
yelop Inuls and give rise to a compound organism or Ancid- fio /i* f 
asclent(as-klent'), a</r. A Scotch form of aslant. 
asclepiad (as-kle'pi-ad), n. [<1i.Asclepi<t<l>'itm 
(sc. meti'um). < Gr. 'AaKAqirtaditoc (sc. ffr/^of, me- 
ter), the meter of 'Aon/.t/xiafiric;, a Greek poet, lit. 
descendant of Asclepius, < 'Aan/t/mif, Asclepius : 
see Asclepian."] 1. [cap.] In anc. pros., an As- 
i'trinnt. > 
ascidiate (a-sid'i-at), a. [< Ascidium + -ate' 1 .'] 
Shaped like a small bottle, or like an ascidian. 
Ascidicola (as-i-dik'o-lii), . [NL., < Ascidium 
+ L. colere. inhabit.] The typical genus of the 
family AscidicoUdcu. 
Ascidicolidae (a-sid-i-kol'i-de), ii.pl. [NL.,< As- 
cidicola + -idai. ] A family of copepod eutomos- 
tracous crustaceans, parasitic upon ascidians. 
ascidiform (a-sid'i-f6rm), a. 
forma, shape.] 1. Shaped _ 
bottle-shaped. 2. Having th 
ascidian ; related to the 
Also ascidiiform. 
ascidiid (a-sid'i-id), . One of the Ascidiidai. 
Ascidiidas (as-i-di'i-de), . pi. [NL., < Ascidia, 
2, + -JoVe.] A family of solitary ascidians, 
typically with the branchial aperture 8-lobed, 
the atrial 6-lobed, the branchial sac not folded, 
the tentacles simple, and the geuitalia in close 
connection with the mantle. It is the typical family 
Gr. uaAof, a bag (see ascus), + /il'taK, pi. / 
a mushroom, akin to L. mucus: see mucus.] A 
family of fungi characterized by the formation 
of free spores within elongated cells (asci), 
often associated with alternation of generation. 
It includes a great variety of forms, such as the micro- 
scopic yeast-fungi or ferments, various mildews, ergot, 
the subterranean truffles, the morels, helvellas, etc., which 
represent the several orders Saccharwmiicetfi, Perispari- 
actte, Pymunnycetes, Tiiberacece, and Ditcontyceteit. Most 
of the lichens are now also generally considered as be- 
longing to this family. See cut under ascus. 
clepiadic (verse or line). 2. In hot., a member 
of the order Axcleinadacea;. 3. [wo.] One of ascomycetous (as"ko-mi-se tus), a. [<Ascomy- 
the Asclepiads (which see). c . e ^ s _ + ~"*^ * or Pertaining to the Ascomi/- 
to glandular appendages of the stigma, the fruit 
a pair of follicles, and the seed coinose. 
mainly tropical, many of the: 
shrubs, usually with milky . 
emetic and purgative qualities. It includes the milkweed 
(Atclepiax), can-ion-flower (Stapelia), wax-plant (Uoya), 
and other handsome greenhouse plants, the Indian sarsa- 
parilla (lltmidmiKiix Indicm), and several fiber-plants, as 
species of Calittropi* and Marndenia, a species of the latter 
genus yielding a blue dye resembling indigo. 
^3 ui UUB BUKiiuh meiruii - AJ///- - ,,.-.-* 
iheseedcomose. They are Ascomyzontld* (as''ko-mi-zon ti-de), .n. pi. 
in African and Indian twining L^ L. , < Ascomyzon(t-) + -id(T. ] A family of para- 
juice, which often has strong sitic epizoic crustaceans, of the order Siphono- 
itoma, 
ascon (as'kon), n. ; pi. ascoiig, astones (-konz, 
as-ko'nez). [NL., < Gr. aoiatf, a bag: see as- 
fw.] One of the Aseones; a sponge having the 
characters of the Aseones. 
as'cidiiform (a-sid'i-i-fdrm), a. Same as ascidi- ^flepiaitii.] Same as Asclepiads. 
form. Asclepiadean (as-kle"pi-a-de'an), a. [< L. As- 
a'scidioid (a-sid'i-oid), . [< Ascidium + -oid.] *&$* ( see '/' f )'"J- ;] lna.ne.pros., 
Of or resembling an ascidian: as, an aseidivid con8istm g or composed of Asclepiadics. 
form. HltJ'lei/. In his combinations of the Avclepiadean [meter] we note 
Ascidioida (a-sid-i-oi'da), n.pl. [NL., < Ascidia, ^\^a^ ^IStheamfA^t"^ "' to "- 6 whlch per ' 
Ascidium, + -oida.] 1.' Same as Ascidia, Asco- Mned wU^ini'Jlyuonic. " * C 'Sncyc.'Brit^xu iS r ! 
zoa or Tumcata. as a class or phylum of ani- Asclepiadean strophe, a strophe or stanza composed of 
mals. 2. An order Of Ascidia, conterminous Asclepiadics with or without other verses, such as Gly- 
conics and Pherecratics. 
Asclepiadic (as-kle-pi-ad'ik), a. and . [< ascle- 
liinil + -ic.] I. a. Of or pertaining to the As- 
with Acopa (which see). Also c ailed Ascidiacea. 
ascidiology (a-sid-i-ol'o-ji), . [< Ascidium + 
-ology.~\ That department of zoology which 
treats of the ascidians or tunicates. 
ascidiqzooid (a-sid"i-o-zo'oid), n. [< Ascidium 
+ zofiid.] One of the zooids or individual 
organisms which collectively constitute a com- 
pound ascidian or aseidiarium (which see). 
See cuts under ci/athozooid and Doliolida;. 
In the compound or social Tunicata, many ascidiozooidn, 
which are united by a common test into an aseidiarium, 
are produced by gemmation from a solitary metamor- 
phosed larva. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 522. 
Ascidium (a-sid'i-um), n. [NL., < Gr. iuntiitav, 
dim. of dmof, a leathern bag, a wine-skin : see 
asctis.'] I. [Also less prop. Ascidia.] A genus ,.,.., 
of tunicates, typical of the principal family of Tune 
that the inhalent pores open directly into the 
ventricular cavity: distinguished from Leuco- 
ncs and Sycones. See Olynthus. 
Asconidae (as-kon'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < ascon + 
-ida;.J A family of Calcispongia;, the same as 
Aseones. 
ing wine-skins, < (imof, a bag (see ascus), + 
-<t>opoc., < <t>ep(iv = E. bear 1 .'] In bot., the ascus- 
bearing form or stage of development in some 
groups of the Ascomycetes. See cut under 
ascus. 
ascophorous (as-kof'o-rus), a. [As ascophort 
+ -mis.'] In bot., bearing an ascus or asci: 
spondee, two (or three) choriambi, and an iam- applied to the hyphse in lichens, which develop 
bus ; or, according to other authorities, a logaoe- asci at the end of the branches, 
die verse consisting of a basis, three cyclic dac- ascospore (as'ko-spor), . [< Gr. aax6f, a bag, 
tyls, of which the second is syncopated (or five + erjro/rof, seed : ' see ascus and spore.] In bot., 
cyclic dactyls, of which the second and fourth one of a cluster of spores borne within an 
clepiad or Asclepiadic, a kind of verse. 
H. . In anc. pros., a verse consisting of a 
are syncopated), and a trochaic dipody catalec- 
tie. The shorter form is called the lesser, the 
longer the greater, Asclepiadic. 
MSce- | nas atavis | edits re- | gibus 
Maice- [ nas ata- | vis | edits | reglbus. 
Tu 
quftsleris J scir6 n6fas | quern niThl quern | tlbi. 
ascus. 
The characteristic form of reproduction of the Ascomy 
cetes is by ancotfp&reg formed within asci by free cell-for- 
'"tion. Enxyc. Brit., IX. 833. 
ascosporous (as-kos'po-rus), a. [As ascosporf 
+ -OH*.] Having ascospores : as, " ascospornus 
fungi," Encyc. Brit., IV. 162. 
disproportionate growth of some part. The as- 
cidium ordinarily known as a pitcher, as In the pitcher- 
which insects are drowned and macerated. . 
aquatic sacs of species of I'trlcularia are also ascidia 
See cut in next column, (ft) Same as nimix, 1. 
-eputed inspiratio.. , 
of that deity, and were bound by oath not to reveal the asCOZOic (as-ko-zo'ik), a. [< Ascozoa + -ic ~\ 
"^^ tt^^ttad^!* 1 ' the half ri ^ ? '' pertainili to th Asco * a ' tuni ate ; ^ 
^ P ^rfBs5~^S?rtS^^5 aSable (as-kri'ba-bl), . [< ascribe + -abl*.] 
inductive science, were based. Capable of being ascribed or attributed ; at- 
Hnxley, BioL Sci. and Med. tributable. 
