ash 
336 
of 'still larger size, scoria, cinders, and Imulw. 
erupted ashes fall into water, they assume a stratified form. ashen 3 t, n - Obsol 
Rocks of this character have been called /,! iim-aqueous as li er y (ash'e-ri), 
o ; 'in,a mains; nf t.lip ruimfl.n bodv when ?'*. ~ n J'i 
If the vi. 14. 
Obsolete plural of ash 2 . Chaucer. 
), n.; pi. asheries (-riz). [< 
<iiiu j/n*ii/-<.'/'vi.-.. "^- , - - .. s'W jS "T" -firii I A. l)lUiC6 101* tlSIlCS } flll StSll- 
E^SSSSSr*^^?^ -. A -nufaLry of potash or pearl- 
ashe't (ash'et), ?(. [So., earlier asset, < F. as- 
sictte, a plate.] A large platter or dish, gener- 
ally of an oval shape, on which meat is brought 
to the table. [Scotch.] 
ash-fire (ash'flr), . A slow fire of live coals 
remains. 
Poor key-cold figure of a holy king ! 
Pale ashes of the house of Lancaster! 
Thou bloodless remnant of that royal blood ! 
Shak., Rich. III., i. 2. 
Black ashes, crude soda. Blue ashes. See blue. 
Clavellated ashes, see eln crlluted. Dust and ashes, 
a Scriptural phrase expressive, when applied to one's self. 
of deep humiliation : as, " I which am but dvxt and axlir*, 
Gen. xviii. 27. Ultramarine ashes. See ultramarine. 
ash 2 (ash), v. t. [< as}fl, (.] 
sprinkle with ashes. 
. 
1. To strew or 
, . 
banked or covered with ashes, used in chemical 
operations, and by bakers and others. 
ash-fly (ash'fli), n. The oak-fly, Cynips quer- 
They ask and powder their pericraniums. 
Jlowell, Letters, iv. 5. 
cusfolii. 
ash-furnace (ash'fer"nas), H. A kind of furnace 
or oven in which the materials for glass-making 
are fritted. 
ash-hole (ash'hol), . A repository for ashes ; 
the lower part of a furnace ; an ash-bin. 
[< o 3 
2. To convert into ashes. 
The folded filter paper brought into a scorifler and 
athed in a glowing muffle. Amer. Chen. 78. ag ] line (a-shin'), prep. phi\ as adv. or a. 
ashame (a-sham_'), v. [<_(!) ME. aschamen, + shine'."] Shining; bright; luminous. 
aslmmen, < AS. ascamian, asceamian (= MHG. His Ilardfeature8 , 
irscamen, erschemen, G. erschamen) ; mixed with 
(2) ME, 
all agrlu and ashine with glee. 
Charlotte Bronte, Shirley, iii. 
S. yshamen, yschamen, < AS. geseamtan, Ashkenazic (ash-ke-naz'ik), a. Pertaining or 
gesceamian, gescomian (= Goth. gasKOman, refl. ), re i a ti n g to the Ashk'enazim. Encyc. Brit., XV. 
and (3) ME. ofschamen, < AS. 'ofscamian (the 2 92 
last two in ME. only in pp.); < AS. a- (E.a-l), Ashkenazim (ash-ke-naz'im), n. pi. 
AS. ge- (E. -), or AS. of- (E. a-*), respectively, German-Polish Jews,' as distinguished from the 
+ scamian, sceamian, shame__: see a-i, -*>, a-*, Sephnrdim or Spanish-Portuguese Jews. They 
[< ashl + Iceyl. 
tthe i 
Of. ma- 
and shame, v.~\ I.t intrans. To feel shame; be f or ni about 90 per cent, of the Jewish race, and djrferfrom 
ashamed. the Sephardim in liturgy 
II. trans. To shame ; make ashamed. [Now but not in doctrine, 
rarely used except in the past participle ash-key^ (asn'ke), n. 
ashamed, with the force of an adjective.] 
It should humble, ashame and grieve us. 
Barrow, Works, II. 417. 
ashamed (a-shamd' ), p. a. [< (1) ME. ashamed, 
aschamed,"< AS. dscamod, mixed with (2) ME. 
ysshamed, < AS. gescamod, and (3) ME. of- ashkoko(ash-koko)w. A native 
schamed, < AS. *ofscamod; pp. of the preceding name in Abyssinia of the cony, a 
verb.] 1. Affected or touched by shame; abash- 
ed or confused by guilt or a conviction of some 
Asiarch 
a narrow tool ; pointed, when wrought with a tool still 
narrower- rusticated, or quarry-faced, when the joints 
only are hewn, the face of the stone being left irregular ; 
prison ruMc, when pitted into deep holes ; herring-bone, 
when tooled obliquely in alternate directions ; and nigged, 
when dressed with a pointed hammer. 
The ashler buttress braves its force, 
And ramparts frown in battled row. 
Scott, Cadyow Castle. 
Droved ashler, a Scotch name for ashler of inferior 
quality whether chiseled or random-tooled. 
ashlering (ash'ler-ing), . [< ashler + -Jnff 1 .] 
1. In carp., short upright pieces to which laths 
are nailed, extending from the floor-beams to 
the rafters in garrets. 2. In masonry, ashler 
used as a facing to the body of a wall ; bastard 
ashler. 
ashore (a-shor'),- prep. phr. as adv. or a. [< O 
-t- s/wel.] 1. Onshore; on or to the land ad- 
jacent to water: as, bring the goods ashore; 
the ship was driven ashore. 2. On land: op- 
posed to aboard or afloat: as, the captain of 
the ship remained ashore. 
ash-pit (ash'pit), n. 1. A place of deposit for 
ashes and house-rubbish generally. 2. The 
place where the cinders fall under a furnace 
or fireplace. 
ash-plate (ash'plat), n. The rear plate of a 
furnace. 
ashrafi (ash-raf 'i), n. [Pers. ashrafi.'} A Per- 
sian gold coin, weighing rather more than 53 
grains, and worth about $2.43. 
[Heb.] ash-shoot (ash'shot), it. A tube leading up- 
ward from the stoke-hole of a ship to the deck, 
through which the ashes are lifted. The shoot 
is also utilized as a ventilating shaft. 
Ashtaroth (ash'ta-roth), n. [Heb.] Plural of 
Ashtoreth. 
Ashtoreth (ash'to-reth), n. [Written Astorcth 
bearing. Also called ash-candles. 
wrong action, indecorous conduct, or other im- cony, 2,. 
propriety: hardly used attributively : followed ashlar, 
by of, or by a dependent clause with that. ash-leacJ 
They shall be turned back, they shall be greatly ashamed, 
that trust in graven images. Is. xlii. 17. 
I feel sufficiently my folly's penance, 
And am nshmit'd ; that shame a thousand sorrows 
Feed on continually. Fletcher, Loyal Subject, v. 7. 
Those who base their hopes for the future on the glori- 
ous revelations of the Bible need not he ashamed of its 
story of the past. Dawson, Nature and the Bible, p. 181. 
"Thy name?" . . . 
"Ashamed am I that I should tell it thee. 
My pride is broken : men have seen my fall." 
Tennyson, Geraint. 
2. Keluctant through fear of shame : followed 
by an infinitive : as, I am ashamed to offer it, 
it is so little. 
I cannot dig, to beg I am ashamed. Luke xvi. 3. 
He was not ashamed to answer that he could not li ve out 
of the royal smile. Macaidaij, Hist. Eng. 
ashamedly (a-sha'med-li), adv. With shame. 
ashamedness (a-sha'med-nes), . The state 
of being ashamed. 
Ashantee, Ashanti (a-shan'te), n. and a. [Na- 
tive name.] I. n. A native or an inhabitant of 
Ashantee, a state in western Africa. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to Ashantee. 
ash-barberry (ash'bar"ber-i), n. A name given 
to pinnate-leafed species of barberry (Herberts) 
belonging to the section Mahonia. 
ash-bead (ash'bed), . In the manufacture of 
varnish, a layer of ashes placed near the fire 
over which the gum is melted. The pot containing 
the gum is placed upon the ashes when the heat becomes 
too great, or when the varnish is ready for mixing. 
ash-bin (ash'bin), .. A receptacle for ashes 
and other refuse. 
ash-cake (ash'kak), . A cake baked on or in 
hot ashes. 
ash-candles (ash'kan"dlz), n. pi. Ash-keys: 
an English name of the fruit of the European 
ash-tree, Fraxinus excelsior. 
ash-color (ash'kul"pr), n. The color of ashes; 
a clear, neutral gray. 
ash-colored (ash'kul'ord), a. Of the color of 
ashes; cinerous. 
ashen 1 (ash'en or ash'n), a. [< ME. *aschen, < 
AS. *a?scen (Bosworth), < wsc, ash : see ashl and 
-e 2 .] Pertaining to the ash-tree or its tim- 
ber ; made of ash. 
His ashen spear, that quivered as it flew. 
Dryden, tr. of Ovid's Metamorph., xii. 494. 
Ash-Keys. 
species of Byrax. Bruce. Also 
called ganam and wabber. See 
a, 
See ashler. 
-leach (ash'lech), . A hopper in which 
ashes are placed during the process of the re- 
moval of their soluble salts by lixiviation. 
ashler, ashlar (ash'ler, -lar), n. [Early mod. 
E. also astler, asler, etc., < ME. asheler, ascheler, 
achiler, < OF. aisekr, ashler, < OF. aiselle, aissele, 
the Mohammedans on the 10th day of the month 
Muharram. Hughes. 
Ash Wednesday (ash wenz'da). [ME. asche-, 
ask-, ax-wednesday ; ash 2 and Wednesday.] The 
first day of Lent. It is named from a custom in the 
Western Church of sprinkling ashes on the heads of peni- 
tents admitted to penance on that day. The origination 
of this ceremony is generally attributed to Gregory the 
Great. According to the present rite in the Roman Cath- 
olic Church, the ashes are consecrated on the altar, sprin- 
kled with holy water, signed with the cross, and then 
strewn on the heads of the clergy and people, the priest re- 
peating, ' ' Memento quod cinis es, et in cinerem reverteris " 
(Remember that thou art dust, and wilt to dust return). 
as it is brought from the quarry ; such stones 
collectively. 2. In masonry, a squared stone, 
aisselle, < ML. assella, a little board or shingle ashweed (ash'wed), n. [Formerly also ashe-, 
(cf. L. assula, a chip, shingle), dim. of L. assis aish-weed; < ash^ + weed*.] I he goutwort, 
( > It. asse = F. ais), a board, plank, also spelled Mgopodium Podagraria. 
axis, and the same word as axis, axis: sec axis ashy (ash'i), a. [ME. asshy, asky ; < aslfl + -/.] 
1. A block of building-stone, rough 1. Belonging to, consisting of, or resembling 
ashes; hence, ash-colored; pale. 
A timely-parted ghost, 
Of ashy semblance, meagre, pale, and bloodless. 
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 2. 
2. Sprinkled with ashes. Chaucer. 
Asian (a'shian or a'zhian), a. [< L. Asiamis, 
< Gr. 'Aatav6f, < 'Aaia, Asia, a town in Lydia, 
then the region around, extended to mean what 
is now known as Asia Minor ; in Pliny Asia is 
used, as now, for the whole continent. The 
origin of the name 'Aaia is unknown .] Pertain- 
ing to Asia, a continent extending from Europe 
eastward to the Pacific ocean, and from the 
frozen ocean on the north to the Indian ocean 
on the south. 
Asianic (a-shi- or a-zhi-an'ik), a. [< Asian + 
-c.] 1. Of or pertaining to Asia Minor. 
A syllabic writing, evidently of immense antiquity, 
which prevailed throughout the whole of Asia Minor, and 
which has been designated by Professor Sayce as the 
Asianic syllabary. Isaac Taylor, The Alphabet, II. 116. 
2. Pertaining to or characterized by Asianism, 
or a florid and inflated style of literature. 
a, random-range quarry-faced ashler ;b, random-range dressed-face ~ 
ashler; c, coursed quarry-faced ashler ; rf, coursed dressed ashler with ASlaniSHl (a Shian- Or a Zhian-IZm), . [< Asian 
marcin-draft, also showing iron anchor; e, bonder in ashler;/", rub- t . -, 4 j__!lj j i_a"-j _i__i - _.c i 
ble filling back of ashler. 
as distinguished from a stone which is of irregu- 
lar shape ; such stones collectively. 
+ -ism.'] A florid and inflated style of oratory 
or rhetorical treatment, such as was character- 
istic of the Asiatic Greeks in the three cen- 
turies preceding the Christian era. 
Ashlar stones, or ashlars as they are commonly called, Asiarch (a'shi-ark), n. [( LL. Asiarcha, < Gr. 
are made of various sizes on the surface, as the character 
of the edifice may require. Encyc. Brit., IV. 471. 
3. Masonry constructed of ashler, when the 
courses are not regular, but broken up by the use of stones 
of different thicknesses, it is called broken ashler or ran- 
dom-range ashler. Small ashler employs stones of less 
than one foot in breadth. Bastard ashler is an ashler face 
backed with rubble or other inferior work, as in all courses 
but the lowest in the cut. Ashler is said to be plane 
when it is smoothed on the exposed face ; tooled proper, 
when the tooling is in grooves ; random-tooled, when cut 
without regularity ; chiseled arboanted, when wrought with 
, < 'Aaia, Asia, the province so called, 
+ apxeiv, rule, govern.] In the Roman prov- 
ince of Asia, one of the presidents of the pro- 
vincial games. The Asiarchs were chosen annually, 
and celebrated the games wholly or in part at their own 
expense. 
It was probably the policy of the Romans to encourage 
centralisation in the religious organisation of their prov- 
inces, and the titles "Archiereus of Asia" and Anarch 
were probably introduced by them into Asia Minor. 
C. T. Xncton, Art and Arulueol., p. 165. 
