argumental 
argumental (Hr-gu-men'tal), . [< L. ;</- 
mentaliii, < nrgunientum : si-e argument.] Be- 
longing to or consisting in argument. 
Thus they dispute, gnilding their tongues' report 
With instances ami fii-'iiitiifntn/l sauc-. 
(i. IHarthain, Sir It. (irlnuilc (Arb. reprint), p. 4n. 
I am nt length recovered from niy iir<(t"in'iit'il delirium. 
J<iliii""ii, K;iritMrr, No. '.;,. 
argumentation (Hr*g9.-meix-t4'hjjn)i . [= 
F. argiiHiuiitatiiiH, < L. argumeiil<iti(ii-), < <//</- 
nirnliiri, pp. iiryHiH<:>tttititx, adduce us proof: see 
argument, r.] 1. The setting forth of reasons 
together with the conclusion drawn from them; 
also, the promises and conclusion so set forth. 
Those scholastic forms Hi .tis. ninsr ;n,- in it less liable to 
fallacies than the plainer ways of OtyummtuMm, Lttcki'. 
Anjuiiii'iii'iU'ni c,r reasoning is that operation of the 
inlnii whereby we infer one tiling, that is, one proposition. 
from twoormore propositions premised. K't;/M, Louie, Int. 
2. A course of reasoning; discussion; debate. 
The relation of his meaning to science is essential, but, 
in orderly ni-<nnu. ,,t<i!in,>, subsequent. 
I':,/,. No. M,,., XXVIII. 619. 
= 8yn. See i-<-n*:nnii<i. 
argumentative (iir-gu-men'ta-tiv), . [< F. 
fii-gumentiitif, < L. as if *argiiiiientiit!nix, < urgii- 
ineiitatux: see argumentation.] 1. Consisting 
in argument; containing a process of reason- 
ing; controversial: as, an argumentatire dis- 
course. 
We lire not to dwell upon the mental proeesses which 
eoniposeil the proof, upon the ai-<nun>-iitntirt". part of re- 
ligion; hut upon the things proved. 
IlliuMoiir, Might o( Klght, p. 2i7. 
2. Showing reasons for. [Bare.] 
Another thing ai'iruHtentative of Providence is, etc. 
Kay, Works of Creation. 
3. Addicted to argument; disputatious: as, an 
nnjHnii 'illative writer; ho is \eryargumentatire. 
argumentatively (iir-gu-men'ta-tiv-li), adv. In 
an argumentative manner; with respect to rea- 
soning or arguments. 
Bowles, in losing his temper, lost also what little logic 
he hail, and though in a vague way lesthctieally right, 
contrived always to be aniuuifntatiaelif wrong. 
LoteeU, Study Windows, p. 4:. 
argumentativeness (ar-gu-men'ta-tiv-nes), . 
The quality of being argumentative. 
Thus was the young, vacant mind furnished with much 
talk about Progress of the Species, Dark Ages, Prejudice, 
and the like, so that all were quickly enough blown out 
into a state of windy wyimtmlMfMiMM. 
Carlyle, Sartor Resartns, p. 78. 
argumentator (ar'gu-men-ta/tor), . [LL., < 
L. argumentatus : soe argumentation.] One who 
conducts an argument ; a reasoner. 2f. E. I). 
argumentizet (ar'gu-men-tlz), c. i. [< argu- 
ment + -ize.] To argue; debate; reason: 
as, "aryumentizintj philosophy," Mannyngham, 
Discourses, p. 34. 
argumentum (ar-gu-men'tum). n. ; pi. argn- 
menta(-t&). [L. : see argument.] An argument. 
Argumentum ad crumenam, an argument appealing 
to the purse, or to one's desire to save money. Argumen- 
tum ad hominem. See ad homiium. Argumentum 
ad ignorantiam, an argument based upon an adversary's 
ignorance of the matter in dispute. Argumentum ad 
Inyidlam, an argument appealing to one's hatreds or 
prejudices. Argumentum ad Judicium, an argument 
addressed, to the judgment; a proof drawn from any of 
the foundations of knowledge or probability. Argumen- 
tum ad verecundiani (literally, an appeal to one's mod- 
esty), an argument from the opinions of men whose views 
are commonly accepted as authoritative. Also called ar- 
yuinent from authority. Argumentum bacullmun, an 
appeal to foree ; club- or lyneh-law.- Argumentum ex 
concesso, an argument based on some previous admis- 
307 
snots. The general plumage is brown, variegated with 
lighter and darker tracery. The female Is a plain bird, 
lacking the extraordinary de- 
velopment of the wing- and 
tail-feathers. 
4. A genus of gastro- 
pods, liohadsch, 1761. 
5. A genus of lepi- 
dopterous insects. Sco- 
poli, 1777. 6. A genus 
of arachuidans. It'ull.ei-. 
1837. 7. [I.e.] A name 
of certain euryalean 
ophiuriaus, or sand-stars with 
branching arms. Shetland ar- 
gUS, the Axtfofthiffim (or Etiryalv) 
Kcutatttui, or gorgon's-head, a kind 
of basket-ttsh, basket-urchin, or sea- 
basket, sometimes measuring a foot 
across. The ultimate ramifications 
of its rays are estimated to be some 
80,000 in nuniber. See Astrophyton 
argyrite (ar'ji-rit), H. [< Gr. up; < 
ore, fern, of apyvpin/f, of silver, < ip 
. 
ArgUS (iir'gus), n. [L., < Gr. "Apyof, < apyuf, 
bright.] 1. In Grecian legend, a giant of vast 
strength, held in early times to have four eyes, 
and later to have eyes without number. Hera 
set him to guard the heifer lo, and after he was 
slain by Hermes transferred his eyes to the tail 
of the peacock. Hence 2. Any observant or 
sharp-sighted person : as, he is a very Argus in 
watchfulness. 3. In ornith. : (a) A genus of 
gallinaceous birds, of the order Gullinte and 
family PliHxuiiiiittr, characterized by the enor- 
mous development of the secondary feathers of 
the wings and middle feathers of the tail, the 
former being adorned with numerous ocelli, lik- 
ened to the many eyes of Argus. The type is the 
argus-pheasant (I'litt*iiniii< /n-'rirx, or At-fftw fftifanteun or 
IMVoiunun) of the Malay archipelago. Other species or 
varieties are the Ar<nt* ifrayi of Elliot, from Borneo, the 
.li\'/i<x tfCfUatiM of Verreaux, and the ,4/v/H* bipunctatu*. 
Other forms of the word, as a genus name, are ArgtuaHH* 
and Arywianu*. (ft) [/. <.] Any species of the 
genus Argus; an argus-pheasant. The common 
species has a body only about as large as that of a barn- 
yard hen, but sometimes measures 5 or 6 feet in total 
length, owing to the extraordinary development of the 
tail-feathers. The inner feathers of the wing are 2 or 8 
feet long, and beautif ully ocellated with metallic iridescent 
Argus-eyed (iir'gus -id), a. 
Vigilant; watchful; extreme- 
ly observant. See Argus, 1. 
argus-pheasant (iir'gus-fez'- 
ant), n. Bee Argus, 3. 
argus-shell (ar'gus-shel), H. [< 
argus (with allusion to the pea- 
cock's tail) + shell.] A gastro- 
pod of the family Cypraridai, or 
porcelain-shells, Cyprtea argus, 
beautifully variegated with ocel- 
lated spots. It is an inhabitant 
of the Pacific ocean. 
argutationt (iir-gu-ta'shou), H. [< argute, q. v. 
Cf. L. argutatio(n-), a creaking, < argutari, pp. 
argutatus, creak, make a noise, < artjutua, clear, 
sharp, shrill: see argute.] Cavil; over-refine- 
ment in arguing; quibble; subtlety: as, "friv- 
olous argutationn," Kp. Hall, Myst. of Godli- 
ness. 8. 
argute (iir-gut' ), . [ < L. argutus, clear, bright, 
sharp, sagacious, formally pp. of arguere, make 
clear: see argue.] 1. Sharp, as a taste ; shrill, 
as a sound. 2. Subtle; ingenious; sagacious; 
shrewd; keen. 
t will have him, continued my father, . . . vigilant, 
acute, arifutc, inventive. Sterne, Tristram Shandy. 
The active preacher, the restless missionary, the argute 
schoolman. Milman, Latin Christianity, x. 
argutely (ar-gut'li), adv. 1. Shrilly. 2. In a 
sharp or subtle manner; sagaciously; shrewdly. 
Sterne. 
arguteness (ar-gut'nes), M. 1. Shi-illness. 2. 
Acuteness; wittiness; sagacity; shrewdness. 
This [Seneca] tickles you by starts with his aryutenem, 
that [Plutarch] pleases you for continuance with his pro- 
priety. Dryden, Plutarch, p. 118. 
Argynnis (ar-jiu'is), . [NL., appar. orig. a 
misprint for "argyrius or 'argyreus, < Gr. apyi-- 
pfof, silvery, < apyvpof, silver.] A genus of but- 
terflies, of the family \ymphalidte, commonly 
called fritillaries, the several species of which 
have the under side of the wings marked with 
silvery spots. A. paphia, the silver-washed 
fritillary, is a typical example. 
argyranthemous (ar-ji-ran'the-mus),a. [< Gr. 
apyupof, silver, + avOc/iov, a flower.] In bot., 
having silvery-white flowers. Craig, 1847. 
aria 
argyranthous (iir-ji-ran'tlms). a. [< Gr. ap- 
,iii'":, silver, + i'n'H<i<; a (lower. J In lint., same 
argyraspid (iir-ji-ras'pid), H. [< Gr. ap; i~p6airi- 
iW, pi., lit. the silver-shielded, < n^jiyx*;, silver, 
+ cnri'f (ion''-), a shield.] A soldier of a chosen 
body in the army of Alexander the (ireat, distin- 
guished by carrying shields plated with silver, 
as a mark of honor. The name a> n -Mined after 
the time of Alexander for soldiers of Minihir chosen Undies 
ill other \l:lrrdnlli;Ul :HI'I <['< k ILrlllifS. 
argyria (ar-jir'i-ii), . [NL., < Gr. (</<; 'y,, sil- 
ver, + -/.] Same an tirgyrism. 
argyriasis (iir-ji-ri'a-sis), . [NL., <Gr.a/>}iyx><, 
silver, + -iimin.] Same as argyrioii. 
argyric(iir-jir'ik), u. [ir. tpytpadf, of silver, 
< ap'/v/xif, silver, silver money; cf. L. equiv. nr- 
gi-ntum: see argent.] In diem., of silver: same 
as ttrgi iilie. 
argyrism (ar'ji-rizm), . [(For form, cf. Gr. 
apyvpta/jijf, a getting money, < apyvpi&oOai, get 
money) < Gr. apyvpifctv, be of a silver color, < 
apyvpnf, silver, money.] A discoloration of the 
skin and other parts of the body due to the 
medicinal use for a considerable time of prep- 
arations Of Silver. It Is caused by the dc|>ositiotl of 
silver or Ita compounds in a state of minute subdivision In 
certain tissues. \\~<> "< "/ '". argyriairi*. 
silver 
sil- 
ver.] In mineral., same as argentite. 
argyrized (ar'ji-rizd), . [< Gr. dp-jvpa;, silver, 
+ -ize + -etft.] Exhibiting argyrism. 
argyrodite (iir-jir'o-<Ut), . [NL., < Gr. apyy- 
P<JOIK, like silver, rich in silver (< &pyvpof, sil- 
ver, -t- eMof, fonn), + -j'te 2 .] A mineral con- 
taining silver, sulphur, and the new element 
germanium. It occurs in steel-gray crystalline 
aggregates at Freiberg, Saxony. 
Argyroneta (iir^ji-ro-ne'ta), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ap-) vpof, silver, + w/roV, verbal adj. of veiv, spin.] 
A genus of aquatic spi- 
ders, of the family 
Agalenida (or Araneidte 
in a strict sense). The 
type of the genus la the well- 
known water-spider or div- 
ing-spider, A. amtatiea, of Eu- 
rope, which spins a tubular 
web under water, like a div- 
ing-bell, mouth downward, 
which is then inflated with 
air carried down in bubbles 
upon the spider's Inxly and 
set free beneath the bell. 
Argyropelecinae (ar'ji- 
ro-pel-e-si'ne), . pi. 
[NL., < Argyropelecux + 
-t<p.j A subfamily of 
Sternoptychida; repre- 
sented by the genus 
Argyropeleeux, with the 
abdominal outline ab- 
ruptly contracted in ad- 
vance of the anal fin, 
several produced neural 
spines constituting a 
serriform ridge in advance of the dorsal fin, 
and about nine branchiostegal rays. 
Argyropelecus (iir'ji-ro-pere-kus), n. [NL., 
< Gr. &p}vpof, silver. + ire^envc., hatchet.] The 
typical genus of fishes of the subfamily Argy- 
ropelecina; : so called from the silvery color and 
somewhat hatchet-like shape. 
argyrose (ar'ji-ros), n. [F., < Gr. apyvpof. see 
argent.] In mineral., same as argentite. 
arh-, in words of Greek origin. See arrh-. 
Arhan (iir'han), n. Same as Arluit. 
arhapedan (ar-hap'e-dan), n. A Syrian mea- 
sure of land, a square of 100 feet on the side. 
Arhat (ar'hat), n. [< Skt. arhant, deserving, 
worthy, fit, ppr. of / arh, deserve, be worthy.] 
The highest rank of Buddhist saiutship; spe- 
cifically, one of the original five hundred disci- 
ples of Gautama Buddha. Also Arahat, Rahat, 
and Arhan, Rahan. 
arhatship (ar'hat-ship), M. [< Arhat + -ship.] 
The state of an Arhat. Also arahatship. 
The central point of primitive Buddhism was the doc- 
trine of JraAa(Ayi, a system of ethical and mental self- 
culture, in which deliverance was found from all the mys- 
teries and sorrows of life In a change of heart to t>e reached 
here on earth. Kncye. Brit., XIV. 22. 
U*W "> 
arhizal, arhizous, More common but less 
correct forms of arrhizal, arrhizous. 
aria (a'ri-a or a'ri-a), . [It., < L. aer, air: see 
air$, also"ari.] Jn music: (a) A rhythmical 
and metrical melody or tune for a single voice 
(rarely for a monophonous instrument), having 
a vocal or instrumental accompaniment: dis- 
