Aretine 
Aretine (ar'e-tin), a. [< L. Aretinm, < Aretiun, 
the ancient name of Arezzo in Tuscany.] 1. 
Of or relating to the town of Arezzo in Tuscany, 
or to its inhabitants. 2. Same as Arettnion. 
Aretine ware, a kind of ware of which the paste is of 
a red coralline color, pale when broken, and does not be- 
come redder when subject to a red heat, but falls, when 
ground, into an orange-red calx. Vases in this ware are 
coated with a very slight glaze, which is levigated and is 
usually of a red-coral color ; occasionally it is black, vary- 
in;: toward azure, and sometimes iron-gray, or with a 
bright metallic luster. Jiircli, Ancient Pottery. 
Aretinian (ar-e-tin'i-an), a. [See Aretine.'] 
Pertaining to or originated by Guido Aretino 
(Guido d' Arezzo), a noted Italian musician of 
the eleventh century. Aretinian syllables, the 
syllables ut, re, mi, .fit, ml, la (the initial syllables of the 
lines of a Latin hymn to St. John the Baptist which begins 
" Ut queant laxis "), chosen by Guido d 1 Arezzo to name the 
notes of the hexachord, C, D, E, F, O, A, because in the 
Gregorian melody for the hymn they fall upon tlie.se notes 
respectively. They are still used, especially in France, as 
the common names of these six notes. Since the intervals 
I id ween these notes are the same as those between the first 
six tones of the modern major scale, the syllables have 
also been used extensively as names for those tones and 
as guides in studying their relations. This application 
is called uoltnizatwn. When thus used, ut is generally 
changed to do, and the syllable si (tonic sol-fa, te) is added 
for the seventh tone. 
Aretinist (ar'e-tin-ist), . [< Aretino + -ist.~\ 
A profligate of the stamp of Pietro Aretino, an 
Italian poet (1492-1557), noted for his impu- 
dence and profligacy, and for the virulence of 
his satire. 
aretology (ar-e-tol'o-ji), . [< Gr. as if *apc- 
To'Jioyia (of. aperafoiia, discussion or praise of 
virtue, otherwise jesting, < aperaUyof, a jester, 
lit. one who talks about virtue), < apery, virtue, 
+ -\oyia, < Aeyen', speak : see -ology.] That part 
of moral philosophy which treats of virtue, its 
nature, and the means of attaining it. Also 
called aretaics. [Rare.] 
arettet, v. * See aret. 
arewt, prep. phr. as adv. An old form of arow. 
arfvedsonite (iir'ved-son-it), n. [Named from 
J. E. Arfvedson, a Swedish chemist.] A min- 
eral related to hornblende, composed of silicates 
of iron and soda with a little alumina and lime. 
arg. In her., an abbreviation of argent. 
argal 1 (ar'gal), n. See argol 1 . 
argaPt (ar'gal), adv. A ludicrous corruption of 
Latin ergo, therefore. 
He drowns not himself : argal, he ... shortens not 
his own life. Shak., Hamlet, v. 1. 
argala (ar'ga-la), n. [Anglo-Ind., also argee- 
lah, formerly also argali, argill, hargill, repr. 
Hind, hargila.] In ornith. : (a) The adjutant- 
bird, Ardea argala (Latham), now Leptoptilns 
argala, of India. (6) A similar bird of Africa, 
Leptoptilus cruminiferus. Tcmminck. Properly 
called marabou, (c) [cap."] [NL.] A generic 
name of both these birds. Hodgson, 1838. See 
adjutant-bird, marabou. 
argali (ar'ga-li), n. [P., Russ., NL., etc., after 
the Mongolian and Tungusian name.] 1. The 
large wild sheep of Asia, Oeis ammon (Linnasus), 
now Caproi'is argali, supposed to be the origi- 
nal stock of the domestic sheep. It stands about 
4 feet high at the withers, and is of a very stout build, with 
enormously thick 
and long spiral- 
ly curved horns, 
which are about 
18 inches in cir- 
cumference at the 
base, and are some- 
times upward of 
3 feet in length 
measured along 
the convexity of 
the curve. The 
horns rise boldly 
from the forehead, 
and curve back- 
ward and outward, 
then downward, 
outward, and for- 
ward, coming to a 
recurved point ; 
and they taper 
gently from base 
to tip. The animal is gregarious, living in small flocks, 
chiefly in mountainous or northerly regions and on high 
plateaus. 
Hence 2. Some other similar wild sheep, as 
the following American argali, the Eocky lloun- 
tain sheep or bighorn, Ovis montana. See bighorn. 
Bearded argali, the Barbary wild sheep or aoudad, Am- 
motragus tragelaphun. See aoudad. 
Argand gas-burner, lamp. See gas-burner, 
lamp. 
Argantidae (ar-gan'ti-de), n. pi. Same as Ar- 
gasida?. 
argan-tree (ar'gan-tre), n. [Ar. (Morocco) ar- 
gdn, prop, arjan.] A sapotaceous tree of Mo- 
rocco, Argania Sideroxt/lon, the only species 
Of the genus Argania. The nuts furnish an oil. simi- 
Argali (Cafrtrais argali). 
304 
lar to olive-oil, which is an important article of food for 
the inhabitants. Its wood is remarkable for hardness and 
durability. 
Argas (iir'gas), n. [NL.,prob. < Gr. apyo*;, contr. 
of depj'df, not working, idle ; cf. dpy#e<?, Doric 
dpy(/f, bright, shining.] A genus of mites, of 
the family Ixodidie, having no eyes. The best- 
known species is A. reflex\w, a parasite of birds, especially 
doves, and known as the dove-tick. Other species are A. 
perxu't'x and .1. nigra. 
Argasidae (ar-gas'i-de), . pi. [NL., < Argas + 
-iaa:.] A family of ticks, named from the ge- 
nus Argas. Also Argantidce. 
Argeau (Ur-je'an), a. [< L. Argens, pertaining 
totheArgo: see Argo.] 1. Pertaining to the 
ship Argo, or to the constellation of that name. 
2. Pertaining to Argeia (Argolis or the dis- 
trict of Argos) in Greece, or to the Argives, the 
ancient inhabitants of Argos. 
argel, arghel (ar'gel), H. [Syrian.] The leaves 
of the asclepiadaceous plant Solenostemma Ar- 
gel, used in Egypt for the adulteration of senna. 
Also written arguel. 
argema (iir'je-ma), n. ; pi. argcmata (ar-jem'a- 
ta). [NL., < Gr. apyKjia, dpye/ww, a small white 
speck or ulcer, < dpyop , white. Cf . agrimony. ] 1 . 
A small white ulcer on the cornea. 2. [cap.] 
In zoo!., a genus of lepidopterous insects. 
Argemone (iir-je-mo'ne), n. [L., < Gr. apyefiuvii, 
a Tund of poppy, named from its supposed 
medicinal qualities ; < apye/iov or dpye/ja, a small 
white speck in the eye : see argema."] A small 
genus of plants, natural order Papaveracece. 
The species are all ornamental, and natives of America, 
but are widely naturalized. From the seeds of A. Mexi- 
eana the Mexicans obtain an oil very useful to painters. 
Both yellow and white varieties of this species are often 
cultivated tinder the name of the horned or prickly 
poppy. 
argent (ar'jent), n. and a. [< F. argent, < L. ar- 
gentum, silver, money, = Oscau aragetom = Skt. 
rajata, white, silver; cf. Ir. Gael, airgiod, sil- 
ver, money, connected with Ir. Gael, arg, white, 
Gr. dpyof, white, bright, shining ; cf . Gr. apyvpos, 
silver (with different suffix) ; Skt. arjuna, sil- 
ver-white, < yrij, shine, ranj, color, be red.] I. 
n. 1. Silver, or something resembling it; for- 
merly, in a more general sense, money. 
She shall haue the first day a whole pecke of argent. 
Udall, Roister Doister, i. 4. 
With that she tore her robe apart, and half 
The polish'd argent of her breast to sight 
Laid bare. Tennyson, Fair Women. 
2. In her., the metal silver: represented con- 
ventionally in uneolored drawing or engraving 
by a plain white surface. 
Often abbreviated to a., ar., or arg. 
Argent comptantt, ready money. 
II. a. Made of silver; resembling silver; 
bright like silver ; silvery-white. 
Pardon me, airy planet, that I pnze 
One thought beyond thine argent luxuries ! 
Keats, Endymion, ill. 
argental (ar-jen'tal), a. [=F. argental, < L. 
argentum, silver.] "Of, pertaining to, or resem- 
bling silver Argental mercury, a native amalgam of 
silver. 
argentan (ar'jen-tan), n. [< L. argentum, sil- 
ver, + -an.'] 1. An alloy of varying proportions 
of nickel, copper, and zinc ; one of the names 
given as a trade-mark to German silver (which 
see, under silver). 2. A species of French 
point-lace. 
argentate (ar'jen-tat), a. and n. [< L. argen- 
tatus, silvered, ( argentum, silver.] I. a. Sil- 
very, or of a shining white color with a tinge of 
gray. A. Gray. 
II. n. In chem., a salt of argentic acid. 
argentation (ar-jen-ta'shon), n. [< L. argen- 
tatus, overlaid wiA silver:" see argentate.'] An 
overlaying with silver. 
argentea (ar-jen'te-a), n. ; pi. argentew (-e). 
[NL., fern, of L. argenteus, silvery: see ar- 
genteous.] A membrane which enters into the 
formation of the eyeball of some animals, as 
Cephalopoda : so called from its silvery color. 
There may be two such membranes, in which case they 
are known as the argentea externa and argentea inlerna. 
argentei, . Plural of argenteus. 
argenteous (ar-jen'te-us), a. [< L. argenteus, 
silvery, < argentum, s'ilyer.] Silvery. [Rare.] 
argentert. n. [Also written argentier, < OF. ar- 
gentier,<.L. argentarius, a money-changer, bank- 
er, LL. a silversmith, prop, adj., < argentum, sil- 
ver,money.] 1. A money-changer; a banker. 
2. A silversmith. A. Wilson, Hist. James I. 
argenteus (ar-jen'te-us), n. ; pi. argentei (-i). 
[L. (sc. nummus), or silver: see argenteous.] A 
Roman silver coin, weighing about 80 grains, 
introduced by the emperor Caracalla, and worth 
a denarius and a half. It gradually supplanted the 
argentometer 
denarius, from which it may be distinguished by having 
the head of the emperor radiate. After a short time it 
became only a copper coin washed with silver. 
Obverse. 
Argenteus of Caracalla, British Museum. 
Reverse. 
(Size of the original.) 
argentic (iir-jen'tik), a. [< NL. argenticus, < 
L. argentum, silver.] Containing silver in 
chemical combination. See argentous. 
argentiert, Same as argenter. 
argentiferous (ar-jeu-tif'e-rus), a. [< L. ar- 
gentum, silver, + fe'fre = E. bear 1 .'] Producing 
or containing silver: as, argentiferous ore, 
veins, etc. 
argentifict (iir-jen-tif'ik), a. [< L. argentum, 
silver, + -fic.un, "< faccre, make : see -fie.] Pro- 
ducing silver. [Rare.] 
argentifyt (iir-jen'ti-fi), v. t. [< L. argentum, sil- 
ver, + -ficare, make : see-/;/.] To turn into silver. 
argentilla (ar-jen-til'ii), . [It., formed as a 
dim. of aryento, < L. argentum, silver.] A 
Genoese lace, much like point d'Alencon. 
Argentina (iir-jen-ti'na), .. [NL., fern, of L. 
*argentinus, pertaining to silver: see argen- 
tine.] 1. A genus of malacopterygian fishes, 
giving name to the family Argentinidce : so 
called from their silvery scales. A. sphyrima, 
of European waters, is the type. 2. [I. c.] A 
name given to unglazed porcelain, coated with 
gold, silver, or copper by a process similar to 
that of electroplating. 
argentine (ar'jen-tin), a. and n. [= F. argen- 
tin, < L. *argentinus, pertaining to silver (as 
noun, LL. Argentinns, the god of silver money), 
< argentum, silver.] I. a. 1. Pertaining to or 
resembling silver ; silvery ; argent. 
Celestial Dian, goddess argentine. 
Shak., Pericles, v. 2. 
2. [.cap.] Of or pertaining to the Rio de la 
Plata (Sp. plata, silver), the estuary of the 
rivers Parana and Uruguay in South America, 
or the country called from it the Argentine 
Republic or Confederation, or Argentina. 
Argentine flowers of antimony. See antimony. 
Argentine glass, an ornamental glassware haying the 
sheen of silver. It is generally formed by inclosing deli- 
cate white silvery incrustations of dry porcelain clay In 
solid and transparent glass. 
II. n. 1. A silvery- white slaty variety of 
calcite, containing a little silica with laminae 
usually undulated, found in primitive rocks and 
frequently in metallic veins. 2. The tetroxid 
or antimoniate of antimony. 3. The silvery 
coloring matter of the scales of fishes. 4. A 
fish of the family Scopelida; or JUaurolicidai. 
5. White metal coated with silver. 6. [cap.] 
A citizen or an inhabitant of the Argentine Re- 
public. Sheppey argentine, Scopelus pennanti, a nsh 
of the family Scopelidoe, commonly called the pearl-side. 
argentinid (ar-jen'ti-nid), n. A fish of the 
family Argentinidce, as a caplin or eulachon. 
Argeritinidae (iir-jen-tin'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Argentina + -idtx.] A family of malacoptery- 
gian fishes, typified by the genus Argentina. The 
body is fusiform, covered with moderate or large scales ; 
the branchiostegal rays are few, and pyloric caeca are few 
or wanting. The species were universally referred to the 
family Salmonidce by the older authors, and are still re- 
tained in it by many, but they differ in the characters 
specified and other anatomical peculiarities. The chief 
representatives are the genera Argentina, Osmerus (in- 
cluding the smelts), Mallotu* (caplin), and Hypome&u*. 
They are chiefly inhabitants of cold or temperate seas, but 
some, as the smelts, enter and live in fresh water. 
Argentininse (ar-jen-ti-nl'ne), n. pi. [NL., < 
Argentina + -inai.] A subfamily of fishes, typi- 
fied by the genus Argentina, referred to the fam- 
ily Salmonida:: same as Argentinida!. 
argentinoid (ar-jen'ti-noid), a. Pertaining to 
or having the characters of the Argentinidce. 
argentite (iir'jen-tlt), . [< L. argentum, sil- 
ver, + -i'fc 2 .] Silver sulphid, a blackish lead- 
gray mineral, occurring in crystals, in crusts, 
and massive. It is a valuable ore of silver, found in 
the crystalline rocks of many countries. Also called ar- 
yyrite, arqiiroae. 
argentobismulite (ar-jen-to-biz'mu-Ut), n. 
[^argentum + bixmii(th) + -lite.] Anative sul- 
phid of bismuth and silver. Sometimes called 
bismuth silver. 
argentometer (ar-jen-tom'e-ter), n. [< L. ar- 
gentum, silver, + Gr. fiirpov, a measure.] A 
graduated glass tube used in ascertaining the 
