area 
ficies of an inclosed or defined surface-space; 
the superficial contents of any figure or surface ; 
superficial extent. Hence 2. Any particular 
extent of surface; region; tract: as, the set- 
tled area of the United States. 3. The space 
or site on which a building stands; the yard at- 
tached to or surrounding a house; specifically, 
a sunken space or inclosure between the base- 
ment part of a bxiilding and the street. 4. A 
bald place on the head; a disease of the hair 
which causes it to fall oil' and leave bald patches. 
N. E. 1). Area Celsi, alopecia areata (which see, under 
nlni/eria). -Area Cniralis, in anat., the crural area: a 
term applied to that part of the surface of the base of the 
brain which is hounded by lines projected laterally from 
the polls Varolii anil optic chiasiu. It may be recognized 
for convenience, but has no anatomical significance. 
Area elliptica, in nnnt., the elliptical area; the surface 
of the olivary body of the medulla oblongata. Area em- 
bryonalis, i /'//"/., the embryonic area; the central 
thickened portion of that part of the blastodermic vesicle 
<>[' mammalian embryos which is lined with hypoblast. 
From this the main body of the animal is developed, while 
the rest of the blastodermic vesicle goes to form the um- 
bilical vesicle. Area germlnativa, in rmbi-iml., the ger- 
minal area; the spot where the first rudiments of an em- 
bryo appear as a little heap of blastospheres ; the germinal 
disk. - Area intercruralis, in anat., the intercrural area ; 
the space between the crura or peduncles of the brain. Also 
called the area tnterpsdunaulatrit. Area of a contour, 
the area of its maximum orthogonal projection on a plane. 
Area ovalis, in anat., the oval area; an elevated space 
on the inferolateral surface of the cerebellum, on the outer 
side of the area elliptica. Area pellucida, in embryol., 
the clear space ; the fluid interior of a blastula; a kind of 
blastoctele. Area postpontilis, in anat. , the area of the 
ventral aspect of the brain behind the pons Varolii, being 
the ventral aspect of the metencephalon, including the 
area elliptica and area ovalis. Area prsechiasmatica, 
in anat., the surface of the base of the brain in front of 
the optic chiasin. Area septalis, in anat., the septal 
area ; the mesal surface of each half of the septum lucidum. 
Areasof Cohnheim,inoK.,the polygonal areas into 
which the cross-section of a muscle-fiber is seen to be di- 
vided. Also called field* of Cohnhe tin. Area vasculosa, 
in embryol., the vascular area about the clear space, when 
blood-vessels are developed in the mesoblast. Area 
Vitellina, in embryol., the yolk-area beyond the vascular 
area in meroblastic eggs. Blind area, faunal area, 
etc. See the adjectives. 
areacht, *'. [Early mod. E. also areche, ar- 
reach, aretch (pret. araught, arraught), Sc. 
areik, etc., < ME. arechen, < AS. drcecan (= 
OHG. arreichan, MHG. Gr. erreichen), reach, 
reach to, get at, < a- + rcecan, reach: see a- 1 
and reach."] I. trans. 1. To reach; get at; 
get; obtain. 2. To reach, hand, or deliver (a 
thing to a person). 
To whom Y schal areche a sop of breed. 
Wyclif, John xiii. 20. 
II. intrans. To reach ; stretch ; extend, 
areadt, aredet (a-red'), v. t. [In mod. use ar- 
chaic, and of unsettled orthography ; also writ- 
ten areed, arreed; < ME. areden, < AS. arcedan, 
arcdan (weak verb, pret. drcsdde, pp. arasded, 
dried, but orig. strong), determine, decree, ex- 
plain, interpret, read (= OHG. arrdtan, MHG. 
erraten, G. errathen, guess, conjecture), < - 
+ ratdun, determine, counsel, read: see a- 1 
and read, rede.'] 1 . To declare ; tell ; interpret ; 
explain. 
Arede my dremes. Chaum; Death of Blanche, 1. 289. 
Arede, good gentle swaine, 
If in the dale below, or on yon plaine, 
Or is the village situate in a grove. 
W. Browne, Britannia's Pastorals, i. 3. 
Areed my counsel aright, and I will warrant thee for 
the nonce. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 136. 
2. To counsel; advise; direct; teach. 
But mark what I arreed thee now ; Avauut. 
Milton, P. L., iv. 962. 
3. To guess; conjecture. 
.So hard this Idole was to be ared, 
That Florimell herselfe in all mens vew 
She seem'd to passe. Spenser, F. Q., IV. v. 15. 
4. To read. 
Her hardly opeu'd book, which to aread is easie. 
John Hall, Poems, p. 61. 
areadt, aredet, [< aread, v,~\ Advice; dis- 
course; narration. 
Fayre areedes 
Of tydinges straunge. Spenser, F. Q. , I. ix. 28. 
arese, n. Plural of area in its anatomical senses. 
areal (a're-al), a. [< L. arealis, of a threshing- 
floor (cf . ML. arealis, areale, n., an area), < area, 
an open space, threshing-floor, etc. : see area.] 
Pertaining to or of the nature of an area : as, 
areal interstices. 
The rapid study of the areal geology of the country in- 
cluding the outlines of its commercial problems. 
Science, IV. 362. 
Areal coordinates. See coordinate. 
areality (a-re-al'i-ti), >i. [< areal + -ity.] The 
condition or relation of anything in respect to 
area. .V. E. T). [Rare.] 
practically 
rear; to the 
302 
arearH (a-reV), r. t. [Early mod. E. aluo amirc, 
and erroneously^ arrear, < ME. arercn, < AS. 
drif'fati, < d- + rferan, raise, rear: see a- 1 and 
rear 1 ."] 1. To raise; erect; build; rear. 2. 
To lift up; exalt. 3. To arouse; start; ex- 
cite ; stir up. 
'),}n'cji.j>hr.aaarlr. [< <i% + >> >-; 
equiv. to arrear^, adv."] In the 
le rear. [Rare.] 
arear'-'t, '"'<' and n. See amai-z. 
area-sneak (a're-S-suek), . A person who lurks 
about the areas of dwelling-houses for the pur- 
pose of stealing ; a sneak-thief. 
areasont, r. t. [Early mod. E. also arrai.mii. 
< ME. araisonen, aresonen, aresunen, < OF. are- 
sioier, aresoner, araisoner (mod. F. arraisouner 
= Pr. arrazonar = Pg. arrazoar), < ML. arra- 
tionare, reason with, call to account, arraign, 
< L. ad, to, + ML. rationare, discourse, reason: 
see reason, and cf. arraign^, a doublet of area- 
son."] To question; call to account; arraign. 
Love hym aresoneth. Rom. of the 7i'w, 1. (;->-_'4. 
areca (ar'e-ka), n. [Formerly also areka, arceka, 
arreqiia, ereeca, also arke, arak, areek, areque, 
<Pg. Sp. areca, < Malayalam ddekka, Canarese 
ddike, ddiki, Tamil ddaikdy, < adai, denoting 
close arrangement of the cluster, + kdy, nut, 
fruit (Bishop Caldwell, in jY. E. D.). The first 
consonant is cerebral d, variable to >.] 1. A 
tree of the genus Areca and its fruit (betel-nut). 
See next definition, and areca-nut. 2. [//.] 
[NL.] A genus of palms, natives of tropical 
Asia and the Malay archipelago, with pinnate 
leaves and solid, fibrous-coated nuts. There are 
about 20 species, the most important of which is the]iinan^ 
or betel-palm, A. Catechu, which furnishes the well-known 
betel-nut. It is one of the noblest palms of India, its 
slender trunk rising to a height of 80 feet. 
areca-nut (ar'e-ka-uut), n. The betel-nut; the 
fruit of an East Indian palm, Areca Catechu. 
The nut has long been used by the Asiatics as a mastica- 
tory, and is largely cultivated for this purpose, the exports 
from Ceylon to India alone amounting to nearly 4,000 tons 
annually. The fruit of the palm is of the shape and size 
of a hen's egg, consisting of a thick fibrous rind inclosing 
a nut like a nutmeg, with hard white albumen. This is 
used either when young and tender or after boiling in 
water, and is chewed with a little lime in a leaf of the 
betel-pepper, Charica Belle. It is supposed to sweeten 
the breath, strengthen the gums, and promote digestion. 
The powder of the nut is used in pharmacy as a vermifuge. 
aredet, areedt, ' and . See aread. 
areek (a-rek'), prep. plir. as adv. or a. [< a? + 
reek 1 ."] In a reeking condition. 
A messenger comes all areek. Swift, To Peterborough. 
arefactipnt (ar-e-fak'shon), . [= F. ar^f action, 
< L. as if *arefactio(n-),'< arefacere, pp. arefac- 
tus, make dry, < arere, be dry, + facere, make.] 
The act of drying; the state of being dry. 
arefyt (ar'e-fi), v. t. or i. [< L. arefacere, but 
with second element modified: see aref action 
and -/#.] To make or become dry. 
So doth time or age arefij. Bacon, Nat. Hist., 294. 
areiset, v. t. [See aralse."] Same as raise. 
arena 1 (a-re'nii), n. [L., sand, a sandy place, 
beach, arena; more correctly harena, OL. ha- 
sena, asena = Sabine fasena, sand ; not related 
to arere, be dry.] 1. The inclosed space in 
the central part of the Roman amphitheaters, 
in which the combats of gladiators or wild 
beasts took place. It was usually covered with sand 
or sawdust, to prevent the gladiators from slipping and 
to absorb the blood, and, for the protection of the specta- 
tors from the beaste, was surrounded by a high wall, 
which was often surmounted by a strong grating. 
2. Figuratively, the scene or theater of exer- 
tion or contest of any kind: as, the arena of 
war or of debate. 
Rival politicians contending in the open arena of pub- 
lic life. 
Sir G. C. Lems, Authority in Matters of Opinion, ix. 
3. Inpathol., sand or gravel in the kidneys. 4. 
In arch., the main area of a temple, church, or 
other building. [Rare and incorrect.] 
arena 2 (ar'na). [= E. are no, i. e., are not; 
na = E. M01, q. v.] Are not. [Scotch.] 
Things . . . arrna keepit in mind ... as they used 
to be. Scott, Antiquary, xxiv. 
arenaceocalcareous (ar - e - na'shio - kal - ka're- 
us), a. [< arenaceous + calcareous.] Of the na- 
ture of, or consisting of, a mixture of sand and 
carbonate of lime. 
Near Nice, in places where the great cylindrical cast- 
ings . . . abound, the soil consists of very fine arenaceo- 
calcareoialosan. Dannn, Veg. Mould, p. 275. 
arenaceous (ar-e-na'shius), a. [< L. arenaceus, 
haretMceiis, sandy, < arena, harena, sand: see 
arena 1 .] 1. Sandy ; abounding in sand ; having 
the properties of sand. 2. Figuratively, dry; 
arid. 
Arenicoli 
An ntntncffniK quality in the style, which makes progress 
wearisome. LtnoiU, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 230. 
3. Composed largely of sand or sandy par- 
ticles, (a) In ffeol., applied to rocks: as, arentirfim* 
limestone. A rock is said to be un'tini-i-uirx when it con- 
tains a considerable, amount of quartz-sand, or is largely 
made up of sandy particles. 
A reddish, softish, somewhat an'mimm* marly rock. 
Daririn, Geol. Observations, ii. :!<',. 
(b) In zoril., specifically applied to those Fin-t>iiiin(^-,->i 
whose membranous case becomes hardened by the attach- 
ment of foreign substances, as particles of sand or shelly 
matters. 
Arenaria (ar-e-nii'ri-a), w. [NL., fern. sing, of 
\j.arfniiriiis,liarfnarhts: see arenartow.] 1. In 
ornitli. : (a) [/. c.] A disused specific name of 
several shore-birds or limicoline species of 
Scolouacidtc, as the redshank, Totaling calidrin. 
(b) A generic name of the turnstone^ Strepsilas 
interpret. Bristson, 1760. (c) A generic name of 
the sanderling, ( 'alidrix arenaria. Meyer, 1810. 
(d) [?.c.] The specific name of the same. Lin- 
nants, 1758, and most modern writers. 2. A 
genus of bivalve mollusks, of the family Tel- 
liitklai: synonymous with Scrobicvlaria. Miil/l- 
feld, 1811. 3. In bot., an unimportant genus 
of low herbs, of the natural order Caryopliyl- 
lacea', allied to the chickweeds; the sandworts. 
Arenariinae (ar-e-na-ri-i'ne), n. pi. [NL., < 
Arenaria, I (b), + -/.] The tumstones, as a 
subfamily of Cltamdriidai, taking name from 
the genus Areitaria. See Arenaria, 1 (6), and 
Strepgilae. 
arenarious (ar-e-na'ri-us), . [< L. arrnarius, 
hareiiariiw, sandy, < arena, harrna, sand: see 
arena 1 .'] Sandy; composed wholly or in part of 
sand : as, arennrious soil. 
arenated (ar'e-na-ted), a. [< L. arena/its, prop. 
liarenatus, < arena, harena, sand: see arenffl.] 
Reduced or ground into sand; mixed with sand. 
arenation (ar-e-na'shon), n. [< L. arenatio(n-), 
harenatio(n-), a plastering with sand, < arena- 
tus, harenatus, sanded, mixed with sand, < 
arena, harena, sand: see arena!."] In men., a 
sand-bath ; the application of hot sand to the 
body of a diseased person as a remedy. 
The practice of arenation or of burying the body in the 
sand of the sea-shore ... is very ancient, as also that of 
applying heated sand to various parts of the body. 
Kncyc. Brit., III. 439. 
arendalite (a-ren'da-lit), . [< Arendal + -ite 2 .] 
A lime and iron epidote from Arendal in Nor- 
way, consisting of silica, alumina, iron peroxid, 
and lime. Also called acanticone. See epidote. 
arendator, . See arrendator. 
areng, arenga (a-reng', -ga), n. [E. Ind.] A 
valuable sago-palm of the Indian archipelago, 
Arenga saccharifera. it yields a black bristly fiber 
resembling horsehair, which makes excellent cordage, and 
Arenga sacchariftra, with fruit entire and in section. 
is known as gomuto or gomuti fiber. The trunk affords a 
considerable amount of sago of good quality, and the 
abundant saccharine juice from the flower-sheaths is col- 
lected for.the sake of its sugar and for fermentation. 
Arenicola (ar-f-nik'o-la), . [NL., < L. arena, 
harena, sand, + eolere, inhabit, dwell.] The 
typical and principal genus of the family Arcni- 
colida; (which see); the lobworms or lugworms, 
which live in the sand of sea-coasts. A. 
torium, a common European species, much used by fish- 
ermen for bait, burrows a foot or two deep in the sand, is 
8 or 10 inches long, with an eyeless head, anil arbuscular 
gills upon the segments of the middle part of the body. 
Arenicoli (ar-e-nik'o-li), . pi. [NL., pi. of 
'arenicoltis, as Arenicola, q. v.] A group of 
scarabaeoid beetles, corresponding to the fami- 
lies Geotrypidie and Trogida' of Macleay. 
