Arctipalatales 
Arctipalatales (.a'rk ti-pal-a-la'lex), n. jil. 
I XL.] Same as .lrftij>altilea. 
Arctipalates (ark'ti-pa-hi'te/.), ii. i>l. [NL.. 
<L. arctun. prop, f'r/ii.- 1 . (-(impressed (see arft).+ 
liiiltitum, palate.] In Sundevall's system of 
classification, a group of fringilline and tana- 
grine oscine passerine birds, embracing six 
families of huntings, 
crossbills, rice-birds, 
and various ether co- 
nirostral /'i/xxi /<>. 
Arctisca (iirk-tis'kjn. 
. />!. [NL., dim. of 
tir. />\r(if, a bear.] 
The water-bears, 
or bear-animalcules, 
otherwise known as 
the Tnrdittrnda, Ma- 
crobiotidti, or Colpo- 
da, a group of uncer- 
tain value and posi- 
tion, formerly associ- 
ated with the rotifers, 
but now usually con- 
sidered an order of 
Arachnida, and lo- 
cated in the vicinity 
of the Acarida. They 
are microscopic aquatic 
creatures, living ia moss 
and wet sand, often in 
company with rotifers. 
They have a vermiform 
I 
A Water-bear, or Bear-animalcule 
. Wacrobiotus tchttltMfi), one of 
the Arctisca or TarJifrafta, much 
>"-.,'. With four pairs Of magnified. 
very short feet terminal - . i. a. 3. 4. the limbs ; a, mouth with 
300 
Arctoidea (iirk-toi'de-ii), H. i>l. [XL. : see .</<- 
toiil.] One of throe superfamiliesot' the lissiped 
or terrestrial carnivorous mammals itho others 
being .Elitroitlea and Ci/iit>iiliti), including the 
bears and their relatives, as disiingiiished from 
i he feline and canine members of the t'enr jix- 
aipedia. They have the follouin^ eharai ters in ctiln- 
imill. a-- contrasted with .Klnr>iiil<ti a skull with the par- 
occipital process not closely applied to the auditory 1'lllla : 
the mastoid process prominent, projecting behind the ex- 
ternal auditory mcatus ; the carotid canal distinct and in 
ad\ ance of the foramen laeerum po>terins. \\ltich is distinct 
from the eondyloid foramen ; the glcuoid foramen cen- 
erally well dellned : a lame os penis; l'o\\per"s glands not 
de\cloped; prostate i;land not .salient: ami no intestinal 
aerum. Arctoidea mustellformia, the family .MH..-- 
Miiltr alone. Arctoidea typica, the family i 
alone. Arctoidea procyonitorniia, t he racoon-like se- 
ries, including the families ^Klm-i'i'f, (' <<</< -j'ti<' > 
i/nni'/ii'. and />Vf.'rN-n//</''. See these names. 
Arctomyinae (ark'to-mi-i'ne), n. j>1. ||NL., < 
.Ircttimu.t + -ina'.] One of two subfamilies into 
wliich the squirrel family, Sciitrida: is divisi- 
ble, containing the terrestrial as distinguished 
from the arboreal members of the family, as the 
marmots or woodchucks, the prairie-dogs, the 
susliks, the ground-squirrels or spermophiles, 
etc. They are generally distinguished by larger size, 
stouter form, .shorter and less bushy tail, and terrestrial 
and fossori.il habits, but offer a very easy transition 
thRHigh some forms into the true squirrels. The prin- 
cipal genera are Antomgi, Stvriiin/ihilti.t, and Tamitu ; 
their species are numerous, and are very generally dis- 
tributed over the northern hemisphere. Also called Arcto- 
muxt. Ai-<-1<>>iii,<li/i,t. and .ti'ctxinin'na. 
Arctomys (ark'to-mis), . [NL., < Gr. apxrof, 
a bear, + pit = L. nuts = E. mouse, q. v.] The 
' ' 1 ,, "11011 ICCb LC11I11IUIL- , . 3. 4, vile IIIIIIKl , , 1I1UUUI WIU1 
ed by hooked claws, no dis- six oral papiiix ; t. gullet, calcified 
tinelion of rnnhilnMiornv st )[ lels ; ' salivary glands ; rf, mus- 
U1HUOIIOI (epn.lioinotax cular pharynx : f, ovary ; A vesicula 
and abdomen, and a sue- seminalis -'f, testis. 
torial mouth with two 
stylets, resembling that of a tick or mite. Tlie young usu- 
ally have the same number of legs as the adult. The 
Arctisca are mostly hermaphrodite, and are oviparous. 
They are represented by a single family, Marralriotida, of 
which Macrobiotus is the leading genus. 
Arctiscon (iirk-tis'kon), n. [NL. : see Arctisca.] 
The typical genus of Arctisconida;. 
arctiSCOnid (ark-tis-kon'id), H. An acarid of 
the family Arctisconida: 
Arctisconidae (iirk-tis-kon'i-de), w. pi. [NL., < 
Arctiscon + -ida:'] A family of atracheate aca- 
rids with all 8 legs developed, legs of 3 joints, 
and without caudal prolongations. 
arctitude (ark'ti-tud), n. [< P. arctitude, equiv. 
to arctation, q. v.] Same as arctation. 
Arctocebus (iirk-t6-8e'bus), H. [NL., < Gr. 
dp/croc, a bear, + Kij/iof, an ape : see ape and Ce- 
bus.] A remarkable genus of lemurs, having a 
very short tail, small fore and hind feet, the 
digits partly webbed, and the index finger rudi- 
mentary. A. calabarensis, the typical species, 
inhabits Old Calabar in Africa. 
Arctocephalus (ark-to-sef'a-lus), ii. [NL., < 
Gr. apurof, a bear, + k-f^a/jjj head.] A genus 
of eared seals, of tlie family Otariidce, suborder 
Piimijtedia. The name is used in various senses by dif- 
ferent authors ; it formerly included the northern as' well 
as the southern fur-seals, but is now properly restricted 
to the latter. The species are commonly known as sea- 
bear*. 
Arctocyon (ark-tos'i-on), H. [NL., < Gr. aptcrof, 
a bear, + KVOV, a dog, = E. Iiound.] The typical 
/ 
v/ii ***- 
r/A^Mlfcc- 
jm fch.7^: ' 
s, from the Eoi 
TI Tertiary mammal. 
arctocyonid (ark-to-si'o-nid), n. A carnivo- 
rous mammal of the family Arctocyon id<e. 
Arctocyonidae (ark'to-si-on'i-de), n.pl [NL., 
< Arctocyon + -ida:] 'A family of fossil carniv- 
orous quadrupeds, having 44 teeth, the last up- 
per premolar trituberculate, and all the molars 
tuberculate, containing the genus Arctoci/on 
and its allies, placed by Cope in a suborder Cre- 
- J *T (which ^ 
most completely terrestrial and fossorial habits of any of 
the members of the subfamily. The leading old-world 
species are A. marmotta, the marmot of Europe and Asia, 
and A. bobac, of Russia. The American forms are known 
as woodcliucks, and are A. ntonax, of tlie Eastern States, 
and A. flavitentrij and A. pniiHosus, of the Western and 
Northern States. 
Arctopithecini (ark'to-pith-e-si'ni), . pi. 
[NL., < Arctopitlieciis + -ini.] 'A synonym of 
Midida; used by some as a family name of the 
marmosets of South America. 
The Arctopithecini ... are small, thickly furred, long- 
tailed, habitually quadrupedal, Squirrel-like animals, 
which are found only in South America. 
Huxley, Anat, Vert., p. 39i 
Arctopithecus (ark'to-pi-the'kus), n. [NL., 
< Gr. ApKTof, a bear, '+ x-ifh/icof. an ape.] A 
genus of marmosets, giving name to the Arcto- 
l>ithecini. 
Arctostaphylos (iirk-to-staf'i-los), n. [NL., 
( Gr. a/MToc, a bear, 4- orodrAjy, a bunch of 
shrubs, nearly related to Arbutus, and mostly 
natives of California and Mexico, where the 
larger species are known as uianzauita, and 
are sometimes from 10 to 20 feet high. The bear- 
berry, A. Utu-uni, is a trailing plant, found in the arctic 
and mountainous regions of the old and new worlds, and 
valuable as furnishing au astringent tonic, used chiefly In 
affections of the bladder. It is the kinnikinic of the In- 
dians of western America. 
arcua 
northern hemisphere, the fourth in order of 
brightness in the entire heavens, it i, Mtuated 
Itetueeu the thiuhs of liooles. behind the (In at I'.ear, and 
i* easily found by !'ollo\\in- out the curve of the bear's 
tail. Ill the southern hemisphere it m,i\ l,e recognized 
by its forming a nearly equilateral triangle \\ith spiea 
and Deuebola. It is called 1>\ astronomers<n<i//<An) /;<-<i/,r 
Sec cut under /.'.W. .. 
2. [NL.] A genus of isopod crustaceans, of the 
family li/ult iila or .treliiritla: Latrcilte, IS'Ji). 
arcual (ar'ku-al), ti. [< L. ureii.i (see tire 1 ) + 
-til.] I'ortaining to or of the nal lire of an are. 
Arcuata (iir-kn-u'ta), H. pi. [NL., nent. pi. of 
L. arcHdttix : see tirftniti:~\ A group of crabs. 
including those of the typical genus Cancer. 
arcuate (tir'ku-at), . '[< L. areiintiin, ]ip. of 
arcuan: bend like a bow. < tireii.i, bow: see 
tire 1 , iireh 1 .} Bent or curved in the form of a 
bow; arched: as, "oblique and ureiiiiti lines," 
Bacon, Nat. Hist., $ 24. Arcuate fasciculus, in 
: (,i) The longitudinal libels of the-yi'u- tornieatns, 
eouueetiiig the frontal ami temporosphenoidal convolu- 
tions of the hrain as well as intermediate points. Mi'utit'rt. 
(b) The uncinate faseii ulns of \le\iicrt. passing across the 
bottom of tlie Sylviau tlssure to connect the frontal and 
temporosphenoiital eoinolutions of the brain. Qitain, 
Arcuate fibers, in an.it.. the horizontal arching fibers of 
the medulla ohlonguta. {KUIS Vanilii. and teamen turn, espe- 
cially tho>e seeminu r to oi-i-inate in the raphe. ArCU- 
ate ligament, in aunt., the tendinous arch which passes 
on either side of the back-bone over the psoa-s magnns and 
quadratus luinborum muscles, and to which the diaphragm 
is attached. 
arcuated (ar'ku-a-ted), a. Same as arcuate. 
The inferior edges of the mesenteries are free, and nivii- 
ateti in such a manner as to leave a central common chain 
her. Htijcley, Encyc. Brit., I. 129. 
arcuately (iir'ku-at-li), adr. In an arcuate 
manner. 
arcuatilet (ar'ku-a-til), a. [< LL. arcttatilis, 
bow-shaped, < iircuare, bend like a bow : see 
arcuate.] Bent or curved. 
arcuation (Sr-ku-a'shon), H. [< LL. arena- 
tio(n-), an arch, lit. act of bending like a bow, < 
arcuarc: see arcuate.] 1. The act of bending; 
incurvation ; the state of being bent ; curved- 
ness; crookedness. 2. A method of propagat- 
ing plants by bending branches to the ground 
and covering portions of them with earth ; lay- 
ering (which see). 3. The employment of 
arches in architectural work ; arched work. 
Epistylar arcuation. -See epintylar. 
L. as if "arcu- 
The curvature 
of an arch. Bailei/. 
arcubalist (ar'ku-ba-list), . [< LL. arcubalista, 
more correctly arctiballista, a ballista furnished 
with a bow,< L. arcus, bow. + ballista, a military 
engine for hurling projectiles : see ballista. 
Contr. forms are arbalist, arblast, etc. : see ar- 
balist.] Same as arbulist. 
Richard was killed by the French from the shot of au 
arcubalist. T. Warton, Hist. Eng. Poetry, I. 158. 
arcubalister (ar'ku-ba-lis'ter), n. [< arcubalist 
+ -er 1 : suggested brLL. arcuballistarius, one 
who used an arcubalist, < arctiballista : see ar- 
cubalist, and cf. arbalist, arblaster.] Same as 
arboKater. 
King John was espied by a very good amtbalinter, who 
said that he would soon despatch the cruel tyrant. 
Cantden, Remains, p. 202. 
arcubust, " One of the numerous variants 
(simulating Latin arcus, a bow) of harqutbuse. 
arcula, . Plural of arculum. 
Arculirostres (ar'kn-li-ros'trez), w. pi. [NL., 
< L. *arculus, dim. of arcus, a bow (cf. arculum), 
+ rostrum, a beak.] In Blyth's system of classi- 
fication (1849), a group of birds, the hoopoes, 
Upupida; as distinguished from the Appcndi- 
rostres or Bucerotida; the hornbills. 
arculum (ar'ku-lum), 11. ; pi. arcula (-la). [L.. 
neut. dim. of arcus, a bow.] A small' circular 
cushion used in antiquity by persons bearing 
s_i.j._ on th e ; r ii ea ^ 8) { interpose between 
'^-] 
a great zoological division of the earth's" land 
surface, comprising the Eurasian, Indian, and 
Ethiopian regions : opposed to Xotog&a. 
Arctogaeal (ark-to-je'al), a. Of or 'pertaining 
to the zoogeographical'area known as Arctogoea. 
In Europe, North America, and Asia, the Arcttxmal 
province was as distinctly characterized in the Miocene, 
and probably in the Eocene epoch, as it is at present 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 70. 
Arctogaean (ark-to-je'an), a. Same as Arcto- 
yifal. 
arctoid (ark'toid), a. [< Gr. apuToetifc, bear- 
like, < apKTOf, a bear, + eMoc , form.] Bear-like ; 
ursine; specifically, pertaining to or having the 
characters of the Arctoidea. 
generalized ursine type. 
arcturid (iirk-tu'rid), n. An isopod of the fam- 
ily Arcturida". 
Arcturidse (ark-tu'ri-de), n.pl. [NL., < Arctu- 
rus + -idai.] A family of isopod crustaceans, 
represented by the genera Arctvrus, Idotea, and 
others: synonymous with Idotcida; (which see). 
In Arcturidtt they (the young] are carried for some time 
clinging on to the antenna' of the mother. 
Pascoe, Zool. Class., p. 84. 
Arctums (Srk-tu'rus), H. [L. (>ME. Arctonr, 
Arture, Arthurus). < Gr. Iptroifot, Arcturus. lit. 
bear-ward, < aparof, a bear, the Great Bear, + 
oirpor,, ward, guard, keeper, akin to E. ir<m'l, 
card, ijiiaril. etc.] 1. A yellow star in the 
, q. v.] In 
an 
arch, > E. nrci, ark 1 , arch 1 , q. v.]j In anat., an 
arch, bow, or ring Arcus adlposus, the arcus 
senilis. Arcus blcipitalis, the bicipital arch; the ten- 
dinous aR-h thmugh which the long head of the biceps 
muscle passes. Arcus neuralis, the neural arch. See 
MI- u mi. Arcus OCCipitalis, a cerebral gyrus Iwunded 
above by the occipital portion of the interparietal flssure, 
and embracing what may be regarded as the upper end 
of the second temporosphenoidal tissure.- Arcus pala- 
toglossus, the anterior pillar of the fauces, in front ot the 
tonsil, formed by the palatogtossus muscle and the mu- 
cous membrane covering it. Also called art-tin ftalatiniis 
anterior. Arcus palatopharyn^eus, the |x>sterior pil- 
lar of the fauces, behind the tonsil, formed by the pala- 
topharyngeus muscle and the mucous membrane covering 
it. Also called nm/.v' poiofdmupMlirior. Arcus senilis, 
the tntw of old age ; an opacity occurring in advanced age 
around the margin of tlie cornea. Arcus superciliariB. 
