archpillar 
archpillar (areh'pirilr), n. [< arch- + pillar.] 
A main or principal pillar ; a chief support. 
Archpillar and foundation <if human sorirtv. 
Ilin-tiini-, tr. of lira's Sermons, p. '^If. 
archpoet (iirch'po'et), . [< /v/i- + /></. "'. 
olNL. archipoeta.] 1. A chief or preeminent 
poet. 2f. A poet laureate ; an official poet. 
The title (if aivliijioeta or ar<-li-j'l . 
/'/>'', '!"' I'oct l.amvatr. 
archpolitician (iirch'pol-i-tish'an), . [</</'- 
+ poliliciHii.] A chief or leading politician ; 
a great political lender. HHCOH. 
archprelate (iirch'prel'at), w. [<rc/<- + prel- 
ate.} A chief prelate. Hooker. 
archpresbyter (ilrch'pres'bi-ter), . [< arclt- 
+ prrxbylrr. Cf. arrlipriext and LL. <ircl/i/ms- 
byter.] A chief presbyter. Ayl((le, Parergon. 
archpresbytery (iirch'pres'bi-te-ri), . [</</(- 
+ prrxbylrry. ] The absolute dominion of pres- 
liylei-y; presbytery iis exercising supreme or 
sovereign authority. [Rare.] 
.\frli-lirmlnjtrrii . . . claiming tn itself H lordly power 
ami sniTint<'Milrliry, lintll o\rr Hocks ulld pastors, OVIT 
IHTMULS and "iiyivi-'iititins no way their O\MI. 
Milton, Kikonoklaates, 13. 
archpriest (iirch'prest'), [< late ME. arclte- 
fircst, < OF. wSflWWlrt, mod. F. archiprftrc 
(at. G. crzpriester), < LL. archipresbyter (Je- 
rome), < LGr. lu>xncptoj)brtpo{ (Sozomen) : see 
arehi- and presbyter. Cf. Gr. a/>x'fl>?i'f, arch- 
priest, chief priest, in N. T. high priest: see 
ftrchierey.] Kccles., the chief among the priests, 
called by the Greeks protoprenliytfr, and later 
prolopope. An a title It dates from the fourth ecu- 
tury, and was originally given to the senior by ordina- 
tion in a diocese, a rule long strictly observed In the 
Weak The arehprie.st or dean of the cathedral assisted 
the bishop in solemn functions ami in his spiritual ad- 
ministration, though without ordinary jurisdiction; the 
rural archpriest or dean had a limited superintendence 
over the parish priests of his deanery or district of the dio- 
cese, and formed with them the rural chapter, as the bishop 
with his canons formed the cathedral chapter. For rela- 
tions with other officials, see archdeacon. At present, in 
the Koman Catholic Church, areh/irie*t is, for the most 
part, a title of honor only, the former duties of the office 
being performed by the auxiliary bishop or the dean of 
the cathedral chapter. The duties of the rural archpriests, 
since the Council of Trent, have commonly devolved on 
the vicars forane, still sometimes called rural deans, or 
directly on the bishop's vicar-general. In the rare case 
when rural archpriests and vicars forane are found in the 
same diocese, the latter have the precedence. 
archprimate (arch'pri'mat), . [< arch- + pri- 
nidti:] A chief primate. 
One arch-primate or Protestant pope. 
Milton, Church Gov., i. 0. 
archprophet (arch' prof 'et), n. [< arch- + 
prophet. Cf. Gr. apxmpoQf/Tt/f, chief prophet.] 
A chief prophet ; a great prophet. T. Warton. 
archprotestant (arch'prot'es-tant), . (X arch- 
+ -Protestant.] A leading or eminent Protes- 
tant. 
These archprotetttant* and master ministers of Germany. 
Stapleton, Fortress of Faith, p. . 
archprotopope (arch'pro'to-pop), H. [< arch- 
+ protopopc?] The chief of the archpriests or 
protopopes. 
The archprotopopt of Siua, where the royal residence was. 
Encyc. Brit., XIX. 715. 
arch-see (arch' se'), H. [< arch- + see 2 .] The 
see of an archbishop. Drayton, 
arch-sodality (arch'so-dal'i-ti), w. [< arc/i- + 
xodiiliti/.] An arch-confraternity (which see). 
arch-stone (arch'ston), . [< orc/il + stone.] 
1. A wedge-shaped stone used in the construc- 
tion of an arch; a voussoir. See cut under 
itrch. 2. A flat stone by which the opening 
into the chamber of some furnaces is covered. 
archtraitor (areh^tra'tor), . [< arch- + trai- 
tor.] A chief traitor: sometimes applied spe- 
cifically to the devil. Hakeirill. 
archtreasurer (arch'trez'ur-er), w. [< arc*- + 
treasurer. The G. word is erzacltatzmeister.] 
The great treasurer of the German empire, a 
dignity held by the restored electorate of the 
Rhine Palatinate from 1648 to 1777, and later 
by the Elector of Hanover. 
archtype (arch'tip), . [< arch- + type ; sug- 
gested by archetype, q. v.] An archetype. 
Carticri</lit. 
archvillain (areh'vil'an), . [< arch- + rillain.] 
A desperate, confirmed villain. 
An arrli-rillnin keeps him company. 
Shale., T. of A., v. i. 
archvillainy (arch'vil'a-ui), . [< arch- + vil- 
lainy.] Atrocious villainy. Beau, and Ft. 
archway (arch'wa), w. [< archl + way.] An 
entrance or a passage under an arch or vault ; 
an opening that is closed in or covered by an 
arch. 
Through tlie piers ran ni'>'l>i''K;ix in both iiileeti..n-, M 
as to open a narrow aisle on each side of the nave and 
transept. 
''. //. .V/ '<>/(, < 'hiirch-bnililin;.' in Middle Aues, p. ;.:{. 
Compound archway. Bat Mmotmd. 
archwifet (iiivh'wif), w. [< arch- + irift:] A 
woman of strong, masculine physique ; a hardy, 
masculine woman disposed to rule her husband. 
Ye / i,' i t"''r>/r t ',i, stondetb at ilefetiee. 
Sin ye be strong a.s is a ;:lvel eainaiile [ramelj; 
Ne sntfereth nat tbat men >o\v ilon otleiiee. 
Chaucer, Clerk's Tale, I. nat. 
archwise (iirch'wi/,), adr. [< <nr/il + /.-.] 
In the form or manner of an arch. 
In the fashion of a bow U-nt <o. -A '/..,. 
.1 ,nl iff, I'arergon. 
archy 1 (ar'chi), H. [< arch 1 +-(/'.] Resembling 
anarch; having arches ; arching. [Rare.] 
lieneath the black and nirtnt brows shincd forth the 
bright lamps of her eyes. l'n,-ll,,'ti'-iti S'n-,-,i (Hfctt), l*ref. 
archy 2 (iir'chi), . [< F. as if "arcln': arched, 
pp. of "archer, v.: see arch^, c.] In her., same 
as arched, 2. 
archy-flected (ar'chi-flek-ted), a. In her., same 
as arched, 2. 
arcid (iir'sid), . A bivalve mollusk of the fam- 
ily Arcida: 
Arcidae (iir'si-de), . /it. [NL., < Area + -idii: ] 
A family of asiphonate acephalous bivalves, 
or lamellibranch mollusks, naving equivalve 
shells with a long row of transverse teeth. The 
family is a large one of world-wide distribution at the 
present day, and dates back in geologic time to the Lower 
Silurian. Its leading genera are Area, Axiiuea (or /',,/,/// 
eului), Anumalncartlia, Cuculltra, etc.; but the limits of 
the family vary. The species are very numerous. See cut 
under Area. Sometimes wrongly spelled Arcu<i<r. 
arcifer (ar'si-fer). H. [< NL. arcifer : see Ar- 
cifera.] An amphibian of the group Arcifera. 
Arcifera (ar-sife-rS), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. of 
arcifer (cf. ML. arcifer, an archer), < L. arcitx, 
a bow (see arc 1 ), + ferre E. bear 1 .] A sec- 
tion of phaueroglossate salient amphibians, 
with coracoids and precoracoids connected by 
an arched cartilage (the epicoracoid), that of 
the one side overlapping that of the other. It 
includes the true toads (Bufiiida>), the tree- 
toads ( Hylida>), and others. 
arciferous (ar-sif'e-rus), a. [As Arcifera + 
-out.] In zoiil., pertaining to or of the nature 
of the Arcifera. Also arcigeroiis. 
arcifinious (ar-si-nn'i-us), a. [< LL. arciftniux 
(also arcifinalin), (, L. arx (arci-), a citadel, de- 
fense, + finis, pi. fines, boundary.] 1. Serving 
both as a boundary and a defense : applied to 
rivers, mountains, the sea, etc. Wor. Diet. 
2. Having a frontier which forms a natural 
defense: as, "arcifinious states," Ticiss, Law of 
Nations, H. 215. N. E. D. 
arciform (ar'si-form), a. [< L. arcus, a bow, 
+ forma, form.] Bow-shaped; curved; arched. 
Arciform fibers, in anat., the arcuate nerve-fibers, 
especially the superficial ones, seen on the surface of the 
upper part of the medulla oblongata. 
arcigerous (ar-sij'e-rus), a. [< L. arcus, a bow, 
+ gerere, carry.] Same as arciferous. 
arcitenentt (ar-sit'e-nent), a. [< L. ardte- 
nen(t-)s, holding a bow, < arcus, a bow, 4- 
tenen(t-)s, ppr. of tenere, hold: see arc and ten- 
ant.] Holding or carrying a bow. Blount. 
arc-light (ark'llt), . An electric light pro- 
duced by the voltaic arc ; the electric current 
passing between a pair of visible carbon-points 
slightly separated. See electric. 
arcograph (ar'ko-graf), n. [< L. arcus, arc, 
+ Gr. ypaifetv, describe.] An instrument for 
drawing an arc without the use of a central 
point. It consists of a thin and pliable strip of wood or 
metal, the ends of which are attached to a straight bar, 
which can be shortened or lengthened to form a chord of 
the required arc. It U used as a templet. 
arcosolium (ar-ko-so'li-um), . ; pi. arcosolia 
(-a). [ML., < L. arcus, an arch, + soliutn, a seat, 
throne.] A name given to certain recesses for 
dead bodies in the Roman catacombs, consisting 
of a deep niche cut in the rocky wall and arched 
above, a sarcophagus being hewn from the rock 
under the arch. The flat cover of the sarcophagus may 
sometimes have been used as an altar. Such tombs were 
often richly ornamented. 
arc-piece (ark'pes), H. In mech., a piece serving 
to adjust the angle of elevation of a cutting-tool. 
arc-secant (ark'se'kant), . In math., an angle 
regarded as a function of its secant. 
arc-sine (iirk'sin)j n. In math., an angle re- 
garded as a function of its sine. 
arctt (arkt), i\ t. See art*. 
Arctalia (ark-ta'li-a), . [NL., < arctic + Gr. 
<J/Ua, assemblage (with an intended allusion to 
d?, sea).] In zoiiyeoa. , a primary marine realm 
or zoological division of the waters of the globe. 
Arctiidae 
embracing the seas of the northern hemisphere 
as far to the south as floating ice descends. 
am. 
Arctalian (iirk-tu'li-an). ". [< .Irclalin.] Of 
or pertaining to Aretaliii. 
Arctamerican (iirk-ta-incr'i-kan), (i. [< Airhc 
-r- AiiHTH'itii ,\ In '.'iitift/rf,, same as Atnil'niii'iin : 
as, " Aiiglogiean or . Irrliiiin rit-iiii realm.'' Hill. 
arc-tangent (ark'tan'jent), ii. Iii iiinlli., an 
angle n-ir.,].,!,.,! as a function of its tangent. 
arctation (ark-ta'shon), ii. [< F. iirrlnliiiH, < 
L. MS it' *n >'rl<itiit(n-}, < ttrrfat't . prop, iii'lui'i, pp. 
, /irli/ltix, draw close, tighten, < 
prop, iirtus, close, tight: see nrt :t , ttrtirlr, . 
etc.] Narrowness or constriction in any sen-e ; 
\\ipntltol., luinatiiral contraction of any natural 
opening, as of the anus; constipation from in- 
flammation. Also called arrlilitdi: 
Arctia (iirk'li-jj), . [NL., < (ir. fywtror-, a bear 
(in ref. to the furriness of the caterpillars: see 
Ari'liiilif).] \ genus of moths, typical of tin- 
family ArcHidir. I. (or l-'n/iri /n'c) rnjn is the 
common tiger-moth. See cut under Kujirepia. 
arctian (ark'ti-an), H. [(Arctia + -an.] A moth 
of the family An-tiiiln . 
arctic (iirk'tik), a. [Early mod. E. also iirlii: 
iirtick, etc., < ME. artil,: < OF. urtii/in: mod. F. 
uretique = Pr. artic = Sp. Pg. nn-lim = It. 
iirtin>, < LL. arcticits, northern, < Gr. apuTtic/n, 
northern, lit. pertaining to the Bear, < apicrot, a 
bear, specifically the constellation Ursa Major; 
sometimes spelled apKof, = Skt. rikxhitH (for *ark- 
xlinit) = L. iirxnn (for "urcsus) = Ir. art, a bear: 
see ursus.] 1. Pertaining or related to the 
northern constellations called the Great and 
Little Bears; hence, pertaining or relating to 
the north pole or the northern polar regions; 
northern: as, the arctic circle, region, or sea. 
Hence 2. Cold; frigid. 
I warn the traveller who goes to see the lovely Madon- 
nas of Bellini in beware how he trusts himself in winter 
to the gusty, arctic magnificence of the Church of the 
Redenture. Homlls, Venetian Life, iii. 
Arctic Circle, a small circle, parallel to the equator, dis- 
tant from the north pole by an angular quantity equal to 
the obliquity of the ecliptic, or 23 28'*. This anil the atil 
arctic circle are called the polar circle*, and within these 
lie the frigid zones, at every point within which the 
sun, theoretically, on at least one day in summer, passes 
through the north point without setting, and on at least 
one day in winter does not rise; practically, allowance 
must be made for the semidiameter and horizontal re- 
fraction of the sun. Arctic fox, a small species of fox, 
t'uli/tn lagopus, of the family Caiiitlcr, celebrated fur the 
Arctic Fox . I'tflpts lagopus . 
beauty and fineness of its fur, which is a valuable article 
of commerce. It is 2 feet in length, anil its tail is 1 foot 
long. It is bluish- or brownish-gray in summer and white 
in winter. = Syn. l^ee polar. 
arctic-bird (ark'tik-berd), . A name origi- 
nally given by Edwards to a species of jaeger 
figured and described by him. It has lieen applied 
to two species of Lextrig or Sterctiraritix, but is identified 
as the long-tailed jaeger or Button's skua, L. or S. louyi- 
cauda of some, S. tniffoni or S. itaraKiticti* of others. 
arctician (ark-tish'an), H. [< arctic + -in.] 
One who has investigated matters relating to 
the arctic regions; an arctic explorer. X. E. D. 
Arctictidinae (ark-tik-ti-di'ne), . pi. [NL., < 
Arcticti(d-)g + -inai.] A subfamily of carnivo- 
rous quadrupeds, of the family Viverrida; con- 
taining the binturongs, characterized by the 
prehensile tail. 
Arctictis (iirk-tik'tis), . [NL., < Gr. &/>KTOC,, a 
bear, -t- <*r<f, the yellow-breasted marten.] The 
typical and only genus of the subfamily Arcticti- 
din<e : synonymous with Ictides. Seebinturoiig. 
arctiid (ark'ti-id), a. and . I. a. Pertaining to 
the Arctiida; : as, an arctiid moth. 
H. H. One of the Arctiida;; an arctian. 
ArctiidSB (ark-tl'i-de), . pi. [NL., < Arctia + 
-ida:] A family of lepidopterous insects, be- 
longing to the section Heterocera; the tiger- 
moths. The types of the family are distinguished by 
the fact that their larvw are very thickly clothed with long 
hairs, whence they have obtained the name of troolly bear*. 
They feed upon the external parts of plants, and inclose 
themselves in cocoons when alMiut to undergo their trans- 
formations. See cut under Euprrjiin. 
