archesthetism 
evolution: opposed to mctestJietisin (which see). 
Also arohastketism, archcsthcticism, archa-stheti- 
oism. 
The place of the doctrine of arch&athetixm, as distin- 
guished from the opposing view of metcesthetiem, which is 
held liy many nionists. 
K. D. Cujie., Amur. Naturalist, XVI. p. 469. 
archetto (iir-ket'6), . [It., a small arch, an 
arched stick, fiddlestick, < area, an arch, bow: 
see a rvh 1 .] An implement, consisting of a wire 
stretched across a forked or bent stick, used for 
cutting away clay from a molded piece of pot- 
tery. 
archetypal (ar'ke-ti-pal), a. [< archetype + 
-al,'] Of or pertaining" to an archetype; con- 
stituting a model or pattern ; original: as, "one 
archetypal mind," Cudworth. Also archetypic, 
archetypical. 
Glorified eyes must see by the archetypal Sun, or the 
light of God. Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., iii. 15. 
Archetypal idea, a Platonic idea. Archetypal world, 
an immaterial world supposed by some Platomsts to have 
been tirst created as a pattern, according to which the 
sensible world was constructed : opposed to p.ctypal world. 
archetype (ar'ke-tip), . [Formerly also arelti- 
type; = F. archetype,< L. archetypum,<. Gr. apxc- 
-virov, a pattern, model, neut. of ipxtrvxot, 
first-molded, as an exemplar or model, < apxc-, 
apxi-, first, + TUTTTCIV (y *TVX), beat, stamp, > 
TtTrof, stamp, mold, pattern, type: see type.'] 
1. A model or first form ; the original pattern 
or model after which a thing is made; espe- 
cially, a Platonic idea, or immaterial preexist- 
ing exemplar of a natural form. 
Among the ancients, the co-existence of the Epicurean 
and Stoical schools, which offered to the world two en- 
tirely different archetypes of virtue, secured in a very re- 
markable manner the recognition of different kinds of 
excellence. Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 166. 
Man is the archetype of the animal creation, the highest 
manifestation of life. Damon, Nat. and the liible, p. 39. 
2. In coining, the standard weight by which 
others are adjusted: now called the prototype. 
3. In compar. anat., a primitive generalized 
plan of structure assumed to have been subse- 
quently modified or lost by differentiation and 
specialization: as, the vertebrate archetype. 
4. The original form from which a class of re- 
lated forms in plants or animals may be sup- 
posed to have descended. Darwin. 
archetypic (ar-ke-tip'ik), a. [< archetype + -ic.] 
Same as archetypal. 
archetypical (ar-ke-tip'i-kal), a. [< archetype. 
Cf. Gr. apxerinriKuf, adv.] "Same as archetypal. 
archetypically (ar-ke-tip'i-kal-i), adv. In an 
archetypal manner ; after the mode or plan of 
an archetype. 
archetypist (ar'ke-tl-pist), . [< archetype + 
-ist.] One who studies early typography. N. 
E. D. 
archeus, . See archams. 
arch-fiend (arch'fend'), . [< arch- + fiend; = 
G. erzfeind.] A chief fiend ; specifically, the 
devil. 
archi-. [L., etc., < Gr. apxi-, apxf-, nrs t| chief: 
see arch-, the naturalized E. form of the same 
prefix.] A prefix of Greek origin, the original 
form of arch-, first, chief. See arch-. 
archiamphiaster (iir''ki-am-fi-as'ter), . Same 
as archamphiaster. 
archiannelid (ar-ki-an'e-lid), . and u. I. a. 
Of or pertaining to the Archiannelida. 
II. n. One of the Archiannelida, as an annelid 
of the genus Polygordius. Also arch iannelidan. 
Archiannelida (ar"ki-a-nel'i-da), n.pl. [NL.,< 
Gr. apxi-, first, + NL. Annelida.'] A subclass 
or other leading division of annelids, supposed 
to be the nearest living representatives of the 
archetypal segmented worms. The best-known 
genus is Pohigordius (which see). 
archiannelidan (ar"ki-a-neri-dan), a. and n. 
I. a. Pertaining to the Archiannelida. 
II. . Same as archiannelid. 
archiater (ar-ki-a'ter), n. [= Kuss. arkhiya- 
teru = OHG. arzdt, MHG. arzet, G. arzt = D. 
arts, etc., a physician, < ML. archiater, < L. 
archiatrus, < Gr. apxiarpor,, < apx'-, chief, + 
torpor,, physician.] A chief physician: a title 
first given by the Roman emperors to their 
chief physicians, and now applied on the conti- 
nent of Europe to the first or body physician of 
a prince, and to the first physician of some 
cities ; specifically, in Kussia, the first imperial 
physician. 
archiblast (ar'ki-blast), n. [< Gr. ap X t-, first, 
primitive, + /Waorof, germ.] In embryol. : (a) 
The formative yolk of an egg ; that which com- 
poses the germ, and in germination becomes the 
embryo, as distinguished from the food-yolk or 
parablast. U'illirliii, Histology. (l>) A name 
given by His to the epiblast. 
archiblastic (ar-ki-blas'tik), a. Of, pertain- 
ing to, or derived from the archiblast: applied 
to those holoblastic eggs which, by equal or 
palingenetic as well as total segmentation of 
the yolk (vitellus), produce an archigastrula in 
germinating. 
archiblastllla (ar-ki-blas'tu-la), .; pi. arelri- 
blagtulic (-le). [NL., < Gr" 'apxi-, chief, + NL. 
blunt iiht.] In cnibrynl., a hollow and usually 
globular vesicle, the walls of which consist of a 
single layer of similar cells, and which by in- 
vagination develops an archigastrula. 
Yelk-division is complete and regular, and gives rise to 
a vesicular moriila (iirehilitaHtiiln of Haeckel), each cell of 
which is provided with a flagellate cilium. 
lltixlnj, Anat. Invert., p. 553. 
Archibllteo (iir-ki-bu'te-6), n. [NL.,< L. archi-, 
first, + biiten, buzzard.^] A genus of buzzards, 
of the family Falconidas, having booted tarsi. 
Rough-legged Buzzard (Archibuteo la 
A. laffopus, the rough-legged buzzard of Europe and 
America, is the best-known species. A. sancti-jvhannw is 
the black buzzard of America, and A. ferrugineus the west- 
ern rough-leg or California!! squirrel-hawk. 
archicalt (ar'ki-kal), a. [< Gr. apx^df, pertain- 
ing to rule, < apx*!, rule, first place, beginning, 
< apxeiv, rule, be first: see areli-.] 1. Of the 
nature of government ; ruling. 2. Chief; pri- 
mary ; primordial. 
archicarp (ar'ki-karp), n. [< Gr. apxi-, first, + 
Kapnis, fruit.] In bot., same as ascogonium. 
archicercal (ar-ki-ser'kal), a. [< Gr. apxi-, 
chief, + KepKOf, tail, + -al.] Having a worm- 
like tail without fin-folds, as a fish ; exhibiting 
archicercy, as a fish's tail. 
archicercy (ar'ki-s6r-si), n. [See archicercal.] 
The state of being archicercal ; the primitive 
condition of a fish's tail when it is archicercal. 
J. A. Ryder. 
archicytula (iir-ki-sit'u-la), .; pi. archicytulai 
(-le). [NL., < Gr. a px i-, chief, + NL. cytula.] 
In embryol., the parent cell or cytula which re- 
sults from an archimonerula by the re-forma- 
tion of a nucleus, and which proceeds, by total 
and equal or palingenetic segmentation, to de- 
velop in succession an archimorala, archiblas- 
tula, and archigastrula. 
Archidesmidae (ar-ki-des'mi-de), . pi. [NL., 
< Archidesma (< Gr. apxi-, chief, + Siaiia, band), 
the typical genus, 4- -idat.] A family of palaeo- 
zoic fossil myriapods of the archipolypodous 
archidiaconal (ar"ki-di-ak'on-al), a. [< L. 
archidiaconm, archdeacon: see archdeacon.'} 
Pertaining to an archdeacon or to his office: 
as, an archidiaconal visitation. 
This Prelate calls himself Exarch, and claims Arcki- 
diaconal rights in the whole Dioecese. 
J. M. Neale, Eastern Church, i. 93. 
archidiaconate (ar"ki-di-ak'on-at), n. [<ML. 
archidiaconatus, < L. arcludiaconus : see arch- 
deacon and -fr 3 .] The office or order of arch- 
deacons. 
archiepiscopacy(ar"ki-e-pis'ko-pa-si), . [As 
archiepiscop-ate + -acy. Cf. episcopacy.] The 
state or dignity of an archbishop. 
archiepiscopal (ar*ki-e-pis'ko-pal), a. [< L. 
archiepiscopus, archbishop: see archbishop.] 
Pertaining to an archbishop or to his office : as, 
Canterbury is an archiepiscopal see. 
A Franciscan friar rode before him, bearing aloft the 
massive silver cross, the archifpiscopal st&ndardof Toledo. 
Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 21. 
archimandritate 
archiepiscopate (ar"ki-e-pis'ko-pat), n. [< ML. 
"archwpisnopatus, < arclii- + episcopal m: see 
archi- and episcopate.] The office or jurisdiction 
of an archbishop; an archbishopric. 
archierey (iir-ki'e-ri), . [< Buss, arkhicri'i. 
< Gr. apxutpeifj a' higli priest, < apx-, apxi-, 
chief, first, + iepei'f (> Russ. icrel), a priest, \ 
ifpir, holy, sacred.] The prelacy: a collective 
term for the higher orders of ecclesiastics in 
the Russian Church, including metropolitans, 
archbishops, and bishops. I'iiil.-i'rtoii. 
archigastrula (Sr-ki-gas'tro-lS), H. ; pi. iirchi- 
!/<ixlrnla- (-le). [NL., < Gr. apxi-, chief, + NL. 
gastrula.i In embryol., a bell-gastmla ; a gas- 
trula which is bell-shaped or has the form of a 
deep cup, resulting from that method of egg- 
cleavage and gastrulation supposed to be prim- 
itive or palingenetic. It occurs in various animals, 
from sponges up to the lowest vertebrates. See metaffaa- 
train, and cut under i/axtrulation. 
archigraphert (ar-kig'ra-fer), . [< LL. archi- 
>/ rn iilnif,; < Gr. apxi-, chief, + ypaQeiv, write. Cf. 
Gr. apxiypaiifjarci^, of same sense and same ulti- 
mate origin.] A chief secretary. Blount. 
archil (ar'kil), n. [Early mod. E. also archall, 
archel, etc., con-upt forms of orchil (q. v.), < 
ME. orchell, < OF. orchel, orcheil, orseil, mod. 
F. orseille, <. It. orcelJa, oricello= OSp. orehillo. 
mod. orchilla = Pg. orzella ; origin undeter- 
mined.] 1. A rich violet, 
mauve, or purple coloring 
matter obtained from cer- 
tain lichens, especially 
the Roccella tinctoria and 
R. fuciformis. 2. The 
lichen from which the dye 
is obtained. See Roccella. 
It is bruised between stones, 
moistened with putrid urine, 
and mixed with quicklime or 
other alkaline liquor. It first 
becomes purplish-red in color, 
and then turns to violet. In 
the first state it is called archil, 
and in the second litmus. Dyers 
rarely use archil by itself, on 
account of its dearness and the 
perishableness of its beauty. 
They employ it to give a bloom 
to other colors, as pinks, blues, 
and blacks ; but this bloom soon decays. Archil is used 
Archil .Roccclla tincloria). 
for tinting the fluid employed in spirit-thermometers, 
while litmus is employed by 
or alkalinity. 
while litmus is employed by chemists as a test for acidity 
Preitcott, Ferd. and Isa., n. 21. 
archiepiscopality (ar"ki-e-pis-ko-pal'i-ti), u. 
[< archiepiscopal + -ity.] The dignity or state 
of an archbishop ; archiepiscopacy. Fuller. 
Also written orchil, and formerly archall, or- 
elial, orchel, orchella. 
Archilochian (iir-ki-16'ki-an), a. [< L. Archi- 
lochius, < Gr. 'Apxi'^X el fi pertaining to 'Apx&o- 
XOf, L. Archilochus, a poet and satirist of Paros, 
who lived about 700 B. c.] 1. Pertaining to 
Archilochus, a Greek poet of Paros, noted for 
the bitterness and severity of his satire. 
Hence 2. Severe; ill-natured: as, Archilo- 
chian bitterness. 3. In anc. pros., noting four 
stanzas (1) A dactylic hexameter alternating 
with a penthemim (called a lesser Archilochian) 
or (2) with an iambelegus. (3) An iambic 
trimeter alternating with an elegiambus. (4) 
A verse consisting of four dactyls and three 
trochees (called a greater Archilochian) alternat- 
ing with an iambic trimeter catalectic. 
archilowe (ar'chi-lou), . [Sc., also archilogh 
and archilagh, a corrupt word; according to the 
Imp. Diet., < D. her-, again, + gelag (OD. ghe- 
laegh), share of expense at an inn, = Sc. laugh, 
lauch, also lawin, towing, tavern-shot, reckon- 
ing: see lowing and law 1 .] The return which 
one who has been treated in an inn or tavern 
sometimes reckons himself bound in honor to 
make to the company: when he calls for his 
bottle he is said to give his arcliilone. [Scotch.] 
I propose that this good little gentleman that seems 
sair forfoiighten, as I may say, in this tuilyie, shall send 
for a tass of brandy, and I'll pay for another by way of 
archilowe. Scott, Rob Roy, xxviii. 
archilute (ar'ki-lut), n. [< archi- + Intel. See 
archlute.] Same as arcJilnte. 
archimage (Sr'ki-maj), . [Formerly also, as 
if It., archimatjo, and as NL. archimagns, q. v.] 
A chief magician or enchanter ; a wizard. 
The character of sage and arch image had fully imprinted 
itself on his countenance. Kimie. Brit., XIV. 462. 
archimagus (ar-ki-ma'gus), .; pi. archimagi 
(-ji). [NL., < Gr. apxi/iayof, chief of the magi, 
< apxi-, chief, + /myof, one of the magi: see 
magi.] 1. The high priest of the Persian magi, 
or worshipers of fire. 2. A chief magician; 
an archimag_e. 
archimandritate (ar-ki-man'dri-tat), n. [< ar- 
chimandrite + -rtfcS.] The dignity, office, or 
province of an archimandrite. 
