archaistic 
archaistic (Ur-ka-is'tik), a. [< archaist + -ic.] 
Imitating that which is archaic ; exhibiting the 
attempt to reproduce the 
characteristics of the archa- 
ic ; affecting archaism. 
In spite of the ii'-i'hit^lic efforts 
of many writers, both in forms and 
ill vocabulary, the language ISwcd- /bUffi \& > 
ish] nevertheless underwent rapid 
changes during the Kith and 17th 
centuries. Km't/c. Itrit., XXI. 37-'. 
archaize (iir'ka-i/.), .-./.; pret. 
and pp. ai'clini.iK/, ppr. ar- 
chai-iii;/. [<Ur. /j i/Cf/v: see 
archaism.] To use or imitate 
what is archaic; imitate an 
olden style; especially, to 
make use of archaisms in 
speech, 
archaizer (ar'ka-i-zer), . 
One who archaizes ; one who 
affects an archaic style. 
But it may lie remembered that 
Varro was himself something of an 
archaizer. >,'/.(/'. />'///., XIV. :i:ti. 
archallt, An old form of 
arc/iil. 
archamceba (ar-ka-me'ba), Archaisuc Bronze 
primitive, + NL. amoeba-."] A !" imitation of Greek 
hypothetical primitive sim- ^"Vc."" sixth ' 
pie amoeba supposed by 
Haeckel to have made its appearance in the 
earliest geologic period, and to have been the 
progenitor of all other amoebte and also of all 
higher forms of life. 
archamphiaster (ar-kam-fi-as'ter) ; n. [Also 
archiuniphiaxter t ( Gr. ap%i-, first, + a/jifii, around, 
+ darfip, star. See amphiaster.] In etnbryol., 
one of the nuclear cleavage figures developed 
from the germinative vesicle or primordial nu- 
cleus at the time the polar cells or globules are 
expelled from an ovum, at or before the begin- 
ning of development. 
The history of the early stages of the spindle and the 
archawphiusters shows their agamic origin. 
Hyatt, Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist. (1884), p. 65. 
archangel (ark'an'jel), . [< ME. archangel, 
urcJiaiingel, etc. (in AS. hedh-angel, lit. high aii- 
gel), < OF. archangel, archangele, mod. F. areli- 
ange = Pr. archangi = Sp. arcdngel = Pg. arcanjo, 
archanjo = It. arcangelo = D. aartsengel = G. erz- 
engel = Sw. erkeangel = Dan. erkeengel ; < LL. 
archangelus (= Buss, arkhangelti = Goth, arkag- 
gilus), < Gr. apxa-y-j '?.oc, archangel, chief angel, 
< apx-, apxi-, chief, + d^'e/tof, angel: see arcli- 
and angel.'] 1. An angel of the highest order; 
a chief angel. The word occurs in two passages of the 
Bible, 1 Thes. iv. 16, and Jude 9. Michael, mentioned in 
the latter as an archangel, also in Daniel as the spiritual 
prince of the Jews, and in Rev. xii. 7 as the leader of the 
heavenly hosts against the dragon and his angels, is the 
St. Michael of the church calendar. Coming after him in 
dignity, three others are especially known by name as arch- 
angels: Gabriel, the heavenly interpreter and annunciator 
or herald (Dan. viii. IB, ix. 21; Luke i. 19); Raphael, the 
guardian angel commemorated in the book of Tobit ; and 
l-riel (2 Esd. iv. 1), the fire or light of God, often men- 
tioned, like the others, in Milton's " Paradise Lost." Three 
other names are added by tradition to make the number 
seven (Tobit xii. 15, Rev. viii. 2, where the angels men- 
tioned are taken as archangels), Chamuel, Jophiel or Zo- 
phiel, and Zadkiel ; and still others are spoken of. 
For archangels were the first and most glorious of the 
whole creation : they were the morning work of God, and 
had the first impressions of his image. 
Dryden, Ded. of Plutarch's Lives. 
2. A member of the lowest but one of the nine 
orders of angels composing the "celestial 
hierarchy" of Dionysius the pseudo-Areopa- 
gite, whose classification was adopted by Pope 
Gregory the Great, and is generally accepted 
by the theologians of the Roman Catholic 
Church. The nine orders are : seraphim, cherubim, 
thrones, dominations, virtues, powers, principalities, 
archangels, angels. 
3. [ML. archangelus, arehangeliea.'] In bot. : 
(a) The name of several labiate plants, as 
Staehys sylratica and species of Lamium. (b) 
An umbelliferous plant, Arcliangelica offieiualix. 
See angelica. 4. A slim-bodied, thin-faced va- 
riety of domestic pigeon, of rather small size, 
with long head and beak, a peaked crest, and 
rich metallic lustrous plumage, black on the 
shoulders and tail, but coppery elsewhere. The 
origin of the breed is unknown : it was introduced into 
England from Ghent. The name is supposed to allude to 
the brilliancy of the plumage. Tlie bird breeds very true, 
the chief points being the peaked crest and the luster. 
archangelic (ark-an-jel'ik), a. [< ML. archan- 
geliciis, < LGr. apxajyefaKOf, < Gr. apxatje/of, 
archangel.] Of or pertaining to archangels: 
as, "archangelie pomps," Mrs. Browning. 
-'94 
arch-apostate (arch'a-pus'tat), >i. [< arch- + 
apostate,] A chief apostate. 
arch-apostle (arch'a-pos'l), n. [< arch- + apos- 
tle. Ct'. ML. arcliia'postolus.'] A chief apostle. 
Archarchitect (arch'iir'ki-tekt), n. [< arch- + 
architect.] The supreme Architect; theCreator. 
I'll ne'er believe that the Archarrl/itrrt 
With all these fires the heavenly arches decked 
Only for show. Sylwiler, tr. of Du Bartas. 
arch-band (iirch'band), n. A name given by 
artisans to that portion of an arch or rib which 
is seen below the general surface of vaulting. 
arch-bar (ilrch'bar), w. 1. Any metallic bar of 
arched shape, as the iron bar taking the place 
of a brick arch over the ash-pit door of some 
furnaces. 2. The upper member of a curved 
truss. 3. A wrought-iron bar extending from 
the bolster of a car-truck each way to the top of 
the journal-boxes. It forms the compression-member 
of the trusswork which transmits the weight of tlie body 
of the ear from the truck-holster to the car-axles. 
archbishop (iirch'bish'up), . [< ME. arclihix- 
nhn/1, archfbiseoj), etc.,< AS. arce-, avce-, ercebis- 
cop (also hedh-bisc/ip, lit. high bishop) =OFries. 
arcebixkop = D. aartvbixschop = OHG. erzibiscof, 
G. erzbischof= Icel. erkibixkiqi Dan. Sw. erke- 
bixkop = F. archeveqite = Sp. arzobispo = Pg. 
arccbifipo = It. arcirmcovo, < LL. archieptefopnx. 
< LGr. apxieirlanoirof, chief bishop, < Gr. apxt-, 
chief, + F Tr/mcoTTOf, bishop : see arch- and bishop.] 
A title used in the Christian church as early as 
the fourth century, and regularly given in that 
and the next four centuries to the bishops of the 
highest rank, afterward known as patriarchs. 
It was also occasionally applied in the East to exarchs and 
metropolitans of sees of exceptional antiquity or dignity, 
and was sometimes extended in later times to others 
of the same rank as a special distinction. In the West, 
from tlie eighth or ninth century, the title was given to 
metropolitans of every class, and this is still the use of the 
Roman Catholic Church. Archbishops have certain rights 
of honor and jurisdiction over their suffragan bishops 
(that is, the bishops of the dioceses making up their eccle- 
siastical province), such as those of calling and presiding 
over provincial councils, receiving appeals in certain cases, 
etc.; but these rights, formerly very considerable, are now 
comparatively limited. At present the archbishop is not 
aiways a metropolitan, since there have long been a few 
archbishoprics without suffragans, and oftener still tile 
title is purely honorary. See primate. The insignia of an 
archbishop in the Roman Catholic Church are the woolen 
pallium, before receiving which from the pope he cannot 
exercise the functions of his office, aud the double cross 
borne processionally before him. In the Anglican Church 
there arc four archhishops, two in the Church of England 
(those of Canterbury and York, the former of whom is 
metropolitan of all England), and two in the Church of 
Ireland (those of Armagh and Dublin, the former of whom 
is primate). The Church of Sweden has one archbishop, 
whose see is at Upsala. Abbreviated to nlip. 
archbishopess (arch'bish'up-es), . [< arch- 
bixhoji + -fxs.] The wife of an English arch- 
bishop. Miss Barney. [Rare.] 
archbishopric (arch'bish'up-rik), . [< ME. 
arctiebischopriche, -ryk, etc., < AS. arcebiscoprice, 
< arcebiscop, archbishop, + rice, jurisdiction. 
Cf. bishopric."] The titular see or diocese of 
an archbishop; the province over which an 
archbishop exercises authority. 
arch-board (iirch'bord), n. In ship-building, a 
plank placed across a ship's stern, immediately 
under the knuckles of the stern-timbers. On 
this board the ship's name is sometimes 
painted. 
arch-brick (arch'brik), . 1. A wedge-shaped 
brick used in arched work. See compass-brick. 
2. A hard and partly vitrified brick, taken 
from one of the arches of a brick-kiln in which 
the fire is made. 
archbutler (arch'but'ler), n. [< arch- + butler. 
The G. equiv. is erzsehenke, 'arch-skinker.'] 
A chief butler. Formerly it was the title of an official 
rank in the Roman-German empire, one of the imperial 
court-offices connected witli tlie electoral dignity, and held 
by the King or Elector of Bohemia. 
arch-buttress (arch'bufres), w. Same as flying 
buttress (which see, under buttress). 
archchamberlain (arch'cham'ber-lan), n. [< 
arch- + chamberlain. Cf. ML. archicameraritis, 
> G. erzku'mmerer, ' arch-chamberer ' : see cham- 
berer.] A chief chamberlain. It was formerly the 
title of an official rank in the Roman-German empire, 
held by the Elector of Brandenburg. 
archchancellor (arch'chan'sel-or), n. [< areh- 
+ chancellor, after F. archichaucelier = G. erz- 
l-amler,<ML.archica>icellarius, archchancellor.] 
A chief chancellor; formerly (a) The title 
of an office in the Roman-German empire, held 
by the electoral archbishop of Mainz, who was 
actual chancellor of the empire. (6) An hon- 
orary official rank held by the electoral arch- 
bishops of Cologne and Treves, the former 
nominally for Italy and the latter for Burgundy 
(Gaul and the kingdom of Aries). 
archduchess 
archchantert (iirch'chau'ter), . [< arrli- + 
chanter. Cf. ML. archicantor, chief singer.] 
The chief chanter or president of the chanters 
of a church ; a choir-leader or precentor. 
archchaplain (arch'chap'lan), n. [< rtrch- + 
chaplain, after ML. arohieapeUaniu.] In the 
early French monarchy, the court chaplain, 
often the same as the papal, or later the im- 
perial, apoerisiary, and identical with the grand 
almoner and archchancellor. The title became ex- 
tinct with the Carolingian, or second race of kings, before 
A. D. 1000. 
arch.ch.emic (iirch'kem'ik), n. [< arch- + 
chcmic.] Of supreme chemical powers: as, 
"the arch-clicmie sun," Milton, P. L., iii. 609. 
[Rare.] 
arch-confraternity (iirch'koii"fra-ter'ni-ti), . 
In the Horn. ('nth. Ch,, a chief confraternity 
having affiliated societies and endowed with 
special privileges: rarely called arcTi-godaUty. 
See confraternity. 
archcount (iirch'kounf), w. [< arch-+ count-, 
after ML. archicomc.i, archcount.] A chief 
count: a title formerly given to the Count of 
Flanders in consequence of his great riches and 
power. 
archdapifer (arch' dap M-fer), n. [Modified 
(with E. orfA-forL. archi-) from ML. archidapi- 
fer, < L. archi- + dapifer, a food-bearer, < daps, 
food, feast, + ferre = E. bear*.] The title of 
an official rank in the Roman-German empire, 
held by tlie Elector of the Palatinate; the 
seneschal. 
archdeacon (arch'de'kn), . [< ME. archede- 
ken, etc., < AS. arcediacon, ercediacon = D. 
aartxdeken = Icel. erkidjdkn = Dan. erJeedegn = 
F. archidiacre = Sp. arcediano = Pg. arcediayo 
= It. archidiaco>to, < LL. archidiaconus, < LGr. 
apx'dtaiiovof, < Gr. apxt-, chief, + diaKovof, dea- 
con.] A chief deacon ; strictly, an ecclesiastic 
who has charge of the temporal and external 
administration of a diocese, with jurisdiction 
delegated from the bishop. The word is found as 
the title of an ecclesiastical dignitary from the fourth cen- 
tury. In the East it is last found as applied to an eccle- 
siastical officer of the court of Constantinople under the 
late Byzantine empire. In the West, from the eighth 
century, dioceses began to be divided into separate terri- 
tories, over which rural archdeacons were placed, having 
under them deans or rural archpriests, charged with the 
supervision of the parish priests of their respective dis- 
tricts ; over these was the general or grand archdeacon of 
the whole diocese, who took precedence of the archpriest 
(which see), and held his own court with its officials, dis- 
tinct from that of the bishop, so that appeals were taken 
from the former to the latter. The rural archdeacons 
were often priests, having a cure of souls, as was also the 
grand archdeacon from the twelfth century. Tlie powers 
and privileges of this office were gradually restricted, and 
in the Roman Catholic Church, since the Council of Trent, 
its place is for the most part supplied by the bishop's vicar- 
general, between whom and the parish priests are some 
times found the vicars forane, or present rural deans; 
while the archdeacon of the present day, where the office 
survives, holds a dignity of honor. In the Church of Eng- 
land each bishop has the assistance of two or more arch- 
deacons, who as his deputies inspect and manage the affairs 
of the diocese, and perform a variety of duties partly seen- 
lar and partly ecclesiastical. In two dioceses of the Prot- 
estant Episcopal Church of America the title archdeacun 
has been introduced. Archdeacon's court. See rmirt. 
archdeaconate (arch'de'kn-at), n. [< arch- 
deacon + -ate s , after ML. archidiaconatus, arch- 
deacon's office.] The district over which an 
archdeacon has jurisdiction ; an archdeaconry. 
archdeaconry (arch'de'kn-ri), n. ; pi. archdea- 
conries (-riz). [< archdeacon + -ry.~\ The of- 
fice, rank, jurisdiction, or residence of an arch- 
deacon. In the Church of England ever)' diocese lias 
one or more archdeaconries ; every archdeaconry is di- 
vided into rural deaneries, and every rural deanery into 
parishes. 
archdeaconship (arch'de'kn-ship), . [< arch- 
deacon + -ship.] The office of an archdeacon. 
archdean (arch'den'),w. [< arch- + dean. Cf. 
D. aartudiaken, archdean.] A chief dean ; a su- 
perior over other deans. [Sometimes used by 
Scottish writers for archdeacon.] 
archdeanery (arch'de'ne-ri), it. ; pi. archdeaiK-- 
ries (-riz). [< archdean '4- -ery.] The office or 
jurisdiction of an archdean. 
archdiocese (arch'dl'o-ses), n. [< arch- + dio- 
cese, after ML. archidiarcenis,] The see or dio- 
cese of an archbishop. 
archdruid (ftrch'dro'id), n. [< arch- + druid.] 
A chief druid. 
archducal (arch'du'kal), a. [< archduke; = 
F. archidural : see ducal.] Pertaining to an 
archduke or an archduchy. 
In the Austrian assembly of states Vienna has as many 
votes as all the other archducal towns together. 
JJrmtfthant. 
archduchess (arch'duch'es), n. [< arch- + 
duchess, after F. archiduchesse. The G. word is 
