archaean L'93 
siliferous stratified formations. Thin series Is still " 8 combining sonic characters ni a lizard with those of a 
called by some writers iiznir. because thus far it has not hlnl. The original fossil t ..... slated only of the impression 
been found to contain any traces of life. It also includes ot ilngle f*Mhar,-apoa which tin- name .!,</.. 
:in undetermined portion of the rocks formerly designated 
as pr/iriiiii'>', ami by sonic \\riters is vaguely used to indi- 
cate crystalline rocks of uncertain un<l often ijuitc recent 
age. Sec rv:mV anil /'//;/""//'.-. 
archaei, n. Plural of iircliifiif. 
Archaejurus (iir-ke-lii'rus), n. [NL., < Or. apx-, 
primitive. + oUov/oof, :i cat. | A gcnuii of fossil 
cats t'nmi the .Miocene of North America, hav- 
ing 4 upper |ireiiiolars, :{ lower prrmolars, and 
2 lower nmlars. A. ilrltilis was about as large 
as the puma. I',. l>. Cii\i< j , 1879. 
archaeo-. [<. NU itrrlum-, !r. I'I/UHJH-, stem of 
apxaiof, ancient, primeval) <;MV> beginning, < 
apxfli', be lirst, begin, lead. rule. (T. tirt-li-,] 
Ancienl ; pi-imeval : tlielirsl part of a number 
of compound wientilie words. Also written 
ttrrlmi-, and, rarely, tirrlni'm-. 
Archaeoceti (iir''ke-o-se'ti), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
iipxuiof, ancient, ( K'/rof, whale.] A suborder 
of cetaceans, framed to include all the fossil 
forms usually referred to the genus Xeuglodnn 
(or Jiiisil/i.-niiii'iia): equivalent to X/'iit/lntlotiliti 
of some naturalists. The dentition is, :t' incisors, 1 
canine, and 5 grinders on each side of each jaw, = :>, like 
that of some seals. The skull is elongated and depressed, 
and Kir cervical vcrtclinr arc free. 
Archaeocidaris (iir"k("-6-8id'a-ris), . [NL., < 
Gr. Hpxalof, ancient, 4- ~NL. ("ularis, a genus of 
sea-urchins: see Cidaris.] A genus of fossil 
sea-urchins or cidarids, from Carboniferous and 
Permian strata, having small hexagonal plates 
and long spines, either smooth or notched and 
denticulated. 
archaeographical (ar"ke-o-graf'i-kal), a. Re- 
lating or pertaining to archteograpliy. 
archaeography (iir-ke-og'ra-fi), . [< Gr. ap- 
XUOYpSSoc. writing ot antiquity, < apraioc, an- n . ate *"SP an<1 otl ' er features of modem birds. 
cinU;,'^",, write, descrine.] treatise ?SX'3^&^'^* " 
on antiquity; a description of antiquities in archseostoma (ar-ke-os'to-ma), . ; pi. archao- 
general, or of any particular branch or series. stowi^aV'ke-o-sto'ma-ta). [NL.,<Gr.<ipra;or 
archaeologian, archeologian (iir''ke-o-16'ji-an), ancient, + arou'a, moutn.]" In biol, a primitive 
n. [< arflimiliiay + -tin.] An archteolpgist. blastopore ; a primitive unmodified enteric ori- 
archaeologic, archeologic (ar"ke-o-loj'ik), a. fice, both oral and anal : opposed to deuteros- 
feame as arfltavlofliwl. toma. Also written arehaosto-me. 
archaeological, archeological (ar*ke-o-loj'i- Archaeostomata (ar'ke-d-sto'ma-ta), n. pi. 
kal),,, [<(tr. apxaiofo, muc, <ap X aio^ia,a.icha,- [NL., pi. of iircluKoxtomutus : Hee arctiavstoiiia- 
archaist 
Horses Soul tliat is ilcail. hut -i \, ral distinct .\,rtiei that 
do as naturally joui with the Matter of hi* ho.lv. so pntri- 
lii'il and irt-]>ari il. the Oowei oome to 6>i in 11- -It 
Dr. II. Muf. Ami, lot,- : ,.,. : ,|,|,' X j. 
archaic (ar-kii'ik), a. [=!' <n-i-luwin<;< <ir. 
upxaikuc, antiijue, primitive, < ai>x<un<:, old, an- 
'pttryx. (From slab in British Museum.) 
lithui/raphiea was imposed by Von Meyer. A second speci- 
men from the same formation and locality was name I 
.1. tn<i<-n-<! h\- < h\ rn. 'f lie >|H rilir i,l i ntity of the ! \Vo can 
lw neither affirmed nor denied, and their generic identity 
U only presumptive. A third and still more characteristic 
specimen is identical with the second, and has fumi-hed 
many additional characters. Members of this genus had 
teeth, a long, lizard-like tail formed of many vertebrae, and 
separate metacarpal bones, in combination with a cari- 
It is 
Tesents 
, 
ology.] Pertaining to archeology: as, archa'- 
OfogtOM researches. -Archaeological ages or pe- 
rlodS. Sec one. 
[NL., pi. 
torn.] A group of animals retaining or sup- 
posed to retain an unaltered oral orifice or 
archieostoma throughout life; in some sys- 
tems, a prime division of the great phylum 
Permes, including the Rotifera, Gephyrea, Ne- 
matlielmintheg, and Platyfielmintltts excepting 
Cestoidea : distinguished from Deuterostomata. 
Greek Archaic Sculpture. 
Discobolus, AnVns. illustrating the archaic smile and the 
incorrect placing of the eye in profile. 
tique: see ;v/Wm-.] .Marked by the character- 
i >t ics of an earlier period ; characterized by ar- 
chaism; primitive; old- 
fashioned; antiquated: 
as, an archaic word or 
phrase. 
A person familiar with the 
dialect of certain portions of 
.Massachusetts will not fail 
to recognize, in ordinary dis- 
course, many words now 
noted In English vocabularies 
tanrehaie, the greater part of 
which were in common use 
about the time of the King 
James translation of the Bible. 
Hhakspere stands less in need 
of a glossary to most New 
Englanders than to many a 
native of the Old Country. 
Lowll, Biglow Papers, Int. 
There is In the best archaic 
coin work [of the (Jreeks] . . . 
a strength and a delicacy 
which are often wanting in 
the fully developed art of a 
later age. 
Head, Historia Viunorum, 
The archaic, in art, not sim- 
ply the quality of rudeness or 
of being primitive, but a rude- 
ness and imperfection imply- 
ing the promise of future ad- 
vance. Work that is merely 
barbarous is not properly ar- 
chaic. The archaic style, in an art of sufficient force to 
, have any development, succeeds the first rude attempts of 
1. Pertaining to or hav- a P 50 ? 1 " t arrive at graphic representation, and exhibits 
, 4.1 i i._7rj .._ n a manifest sincerity and striving to attain truth, until 
Greek Archaic Sculpture. 
Funeral Relief, illustrating 
the careful but angular and 
" fluted " treatment of drapery. 
accordance with archa?ology. 
S&asSffiSBSttajBSBaaiBMsssT B 
Sfes'^s-sa;;: l^=sr. < . < ifiirst; 
ogu.] An archieologist. The Nation, Dec. 7, 1876 r" 8 ; ; ch , ara ? tels of e Archa:ostomata.2. RnMy the ^.^^ \ tnMi y disappears little by little as 
arcnaaolotrv archeolOffV (sir ke oi ; 6 i T< ~, ?'"'' havm S a Primitive blastopore or truth is reached in the great art-schools, such as those of 
)gy, arcne r-Ke-ol 9-Jl), . K original orifice of iuvagination of a blasto- Greece and of the Renaissance painters, or as art sinks into 
Gr. Afxamtyia, antiquarian lore, ancient le- g hi h h nadeS,. rrogtrulation- re lifeless conventionalism before reaching truth, as in the 
gends or history, < apx<uoU m , antiquarian, lit. ^^^^S^^^JS^Ta^ 8CU i P T ?' ^>t and Mesopotamia 
ire, ai uibuu ff^gjg^ (ar-ka'i-kal), a. [< archaic + -at.] 
h-l. may be acquired Ke i ative to an early period or to a fashion long 
1 out of date; primitive; antiquated; archaic, 
armed by archaically (ar-ka'i-kal-i), adi: In an archaic 
manner. 
archaicism (ar-ka'i-sizm), n. [< archaic + -ism.] 
Ancient style or quality; archaism. A T . E. 1). 
archaio-. Same as arc/two-. 
Hmlni, Anat. Invert., p. 58.5. archaism (ar'ka-izm), . [= P. archaisme, < 
n. Same as ar- Gr. apxaia/uof, an antiquated phrase or style, 
< apxai&iv, copy the ancients, (apxaiof, old, an- 
See arcli- cieut: see archaio-.] 1. The adoption or imi- 
tation of that which is antiquated or out of use ; 
especially, the use of archaic words or forms 
The quality of being archaic ; 
manner, or use, as in art or 
. 
speaking of ancient things, < t<"f, ancient, 
+ aWspeak: see -olot,y.] The science of an- 
tiquities; that branch of knowledge which takes 
cognizance of past civilization^ and invest!- 
gates their history in all fields, by means of the 
remains of art, architecture, n/onuments, in- 
scnptions, literature, language, implements, 
customs, and all other examples which have sur- 
vived. Arclueology is sometimes taken specifically in the 
restricted sense of the science of ancient art, including archaeostome (ar'ke-o-stom), 
architecture, sculpture painting, ceramics, and decora- cJiavstoma. 
^ t TuE^^^cfil^ lll StiSSS^tt2 archaesthetic, archaesthetism, etc. 
archicology of ancient Oreece and Rome. Medieval ar- eli thet ic, etc. 
tion of the endodenn with the exterior ; and the result 
would be the formation of an archceostomatmts gastrula. 
viating little from, a primitive condition ; old- the power of assimilating food. 
ily of fossil birds, containing the genus 
Arclueuph'i-i/jc, the only known representative 
of the subclass Saururw (which see). 
Archseopteryx (ar-ke-op'te-riks), n. [NL., < 
Gr. apxaioc, ancient, 4- Tn-f/Mf, a wing, a bird, 
< TtTfpov, a wing, = E. feather.] A genus of 
fossil reptilian Mesozoic birds discovered by 
Andreas Wagner, in 1861, in the lithographic 
slates of Solenhofen in Bavaria. It is of Jurassic 
age, and is notable as the oldest known avian type, and 
human or animal form I'M posse. He regards the archanis 
as a fluid, that is, as a semi-material substance, like air, 
and seems to consider it a chemical constituent of the 
Mood. Paracelsus had particularly made use of the hy- 
pothesis of the archceus to explain the assimilation of 
food. This function of the archieus became prominent in 
medicine. Van Helmont calls it the door-keeper of the . , _ 
stomach (janitor stmnachf). There are further divarica- ._.!._, -..4. /a./i,: : n t\ . 
tions of meaning. Also spelled archeus. archaist (ar ka-ist), n. 
As for the many pretended intricacies in the Instance of ll ^ an _! Uar ? ', an 
the elformation of Wasps out of the Carcase of a Horse, I 
say, the Archei that formed them are no parts of the 
A select vocabulary corresponding (in point of archaism 
and remoteness from ordinary use) to our Scriptural vo- 
cabulary. De Quincey. 
3. That which is archaic ; especially, an anti- 
quated or obsolete word, expression, pronunci- 
ation, or idiom. 
A permissible archaixm is a word or phrase that has 
been supplanted by something less apt, but has not become 
unintelligible. Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 195. 
Doubtless the too free use of archaisms is an abuse. 
O. P. Marsh, Lectures on Eng. Lang., p. 176. 
[As archa-ism + -ist.] 
archaeologist. [Rare.] 
2. One who makes use of archaisms in art 
or in literary expression. Mrs. Browning. 
