Aquila 
of birds established by Brisson in 1760, but hav- 
ing no characters by which it can be exactly 
defined. The name has been loosely applied to eagles 
and other large diurnal raptorial birds which have no tooth 
of the beak. It is now restricted and aommrtet daflnitely 
applied to eagles having iiimtctl larsi, that is, having the 
shank more or less cc.nipletely feathered. Such an- the 
Kotden caulc, .1. r/i ///*"''"*, of BarDM and North America ; 
the spotted ea^le, .1. niffin. of Asia and Kurope ; the im- 
perial eagle, A. lii'liiH-ii, "I the same region ; the Ku.ssian 
eagle, A. nmiiliiik, etc. See .'lit under eagle. 
2. A nortlirru constellation situated in the 
Milky Way, nearly south of Lyra, and contain- 
ing tho bright star Altair. It has for its outline the 
figure, of a tlying eagle carrying in its talons the liny \n- 
tiliolls, tile p. 1^1 i>t' the clnpi-nir Hadrian. See ellt . p. -'-1. 
3. [/. c. ; ]il. <]i<il(i- (-le).] A reading-desk in 
the form of an eagle. 
aquilatedt (ak'wi-lfi-ted), a. [< ML. aquilatus, 
adorned with eagles' heads, < L. m/nHit, an 
eagle: see ;tt/>til<i.~\ In ln-r., adorned with the 
heads of riigli's: as, a cross nqiiilntcil. 
Aquilegia (ak-wi-le'ji-ii), it. [NL. (ML. u//uilc- 
I/HI, aqiiil<-ia), said to be < L. aquila, an eagle, 
whose claws the spurs of the petals are sup- 
posed to resemble. Cf. L. Aqiiilria, Gr. 'Anv- 
Ar/ta, Aquileia, a town of Austria near the Adri- 
atic.] A genus of acrid plants, natural or- 
Inflorescence of Aquilegia vulgaris {garden columbine). 
a, flower ; t>, same, cut vertically ; c, pistils. 
der Ranunculacece, widely distributed over the 
temperate parts of the northern hemisphere. 
The flowers have five flat, elliptical, colored sepals, alter- 
nating with as many spurred petals ; the fruit consists of 
five follicles with numerous seeds. The spurred petals 
with incurved heads have been compared to five pigeons, 
the sepals representing the wings, and to this the English 
name columbine refers (from Latin cotitmba, a pigeon). 
Several species are common in cultivation, and, as they are 
prone to sport and hybridize, the varieties of form and 
color are numerous. There are 10 North American spe- 
cies, in some of which, from the Kocky Mountains and 
Mexico, the spurs are several inches in length. 
Aquilinae (ak-wi-li'ne), . pi. [NL., < Aquila + 
-'. Cf. aquiline.] A conventional subfamily 
of Falcoitulee, containing eagles. It has no as- 
signable technical characters. See Aquila, 1. 
aquiline (ak'wi-lin or -lin), a. [= F. aquilin, < 
L. aquilinus, pertaining to an eagle, < aquila, 
an eagle: see Aquila.'] 1. Of or pertaining to 
the eagle. 
When mortals lived 
Of stronger wing, of aquiline ascent. 
Young, Night Thoughts, ix. 967. 
2. Resembling an eagle ; having the character- 
istics of an eagle ; especially, resembling an 
eagle's beak ; curving ; hooked ; prominent. 
Terribly arched and aquiline his nose. 
Cotvper, Task, iii. 
Even before objection was made to his presence in the 
Board . . . the aquiline suggestions of Mr. Oakhurst's 
mien and countenance not only prematurely fluttered the 
pigeons, but absolutely occasioned much uneasiness among 
the fish-hawks. Bret Harte, Argonauts, p. 130. 
aquilont (ak'wi-lon), n. [< F. aquiloii, < L. <n/ni- 
lo(n-), the north wind, Boreas; prob. < aijuilim, 
dark-colored, dun, swarthy (cf. Aquila), with 
allusion to the dark, stormy weather accom- 
panying the north wind.] The north wind. 
[Bare.] 
Blow, villain, till thy sphered bias cheek 
Out-swell the colic of puff'd Aquiloii. 
Shah., T. and C., iv. 6. 
aquiminale, aquimanile (a'kwi-mi-na'le, -ma- 
ui'le), . See aqua'maiialc. 
aquiminarium (a*kwi-mi-na'ri-um), n.; pi. 
aqiiiiiiinin-iit (-a). Same as aquamianalc. 
Aquitanian (ak-wi-ta'ni-an), a. [< L. Ar/itita- 
niii, said to be< Celtic Aqui, name of a people, 
+ fan, country.] Pertaining to Aquitania, one 
of the great divisions of ancient Gaul. Accord- 
ing to Ca>sar, it was bounded by the Uaronne, the Pyrenees, 
285 
and the ocean. Augustus extended it as a Roman pn >\ im. 
northward to the Loire. It afterward heeanie the Frankish 
and French duchy (and fur --nine time kiimilniu) <>f Aqui- 
t.uiii- (belt! :ts an appanage of the IjiL'lisb iTnwn through 
intermarriage for about 300 years before 1 i:Vi). and tlnally, 
ureatly reilueed, the l''reneh province of (itiicnnc (u nicilie- 
val rolTiijitinii lit A'/uituiin 1 ). 
aquitef. r. t. An old form of acquit, t'liuiiri r. 
Aquitelae (ak-wi-te'le), . />!. [NL., < L. IK/HH, 
water, + tela, web.] A subdivision of spiders, of 
the family Arniicula 1 , corresponding to the old 
genus .li i/i/i'oiii't/i and tollic ,\ai/adrt<t>{ Walcke- 
naer or the aquatic Tahiti Ite of Latreille. It con- 
tains slleh s|,i ! I. - M Hi" ilivillL' \\ater-spider, .1 /''/I,,-,,,/, M 
ii'inn/u-n. So called because they spin their webs in the 
water. Sre cut under Anritroin'ta. 
aquocapsulitis (a"kw6-cap-su-li'tis), n. [XL.. 
CL. aqua, water, fluid, + rajimilu, box, + -iti.i: 
see aqua and capsule.] Inflammation of the lin- 
ings of the anterior and posterior chambers of 
the eye. 
aquometer (a-kwom'e-ter), . [The analogical 
L. form would be *</iiiiin "ti r, < m/iiu, water, + 
nii'l ni ni, measure. Cf. iir/iiiiiiit.'ter.] A steam- 
pump which acts both by direct steam-pressure 
and by vacuum. It has two working chambers, into 
which steam is alternately admitted. By the condensation 
of the steam a partial vacuum U formed, to till which water 
rushes in. When the chamber is full of water a valve 
opens, and steam enters and forces the water out into a 
pressure- or delivery-chamber. The steam condenses as 
before, causing the intlow of a further supply of water. 
One chamber is filling while its companion is discharging, 
thus keeping up a continuous delivery. See pulmimter 
and rtit'ti i< ii<-ji IH/I. 
aquose (a'kwos), a. [= F. aqueujc = Pg. aquoso, 
\ L. aquosus, < aqua, water: see aqua.'} Wa- 
tery; abounding in water. [Kare.J 
aqUOSity (a-kwos'i-ti), n. [= F. aquositt = Pg. 
aquosidade, (. LL. aquosltas, moistness, < . 
aquosus: see aquose.] 1. The abstract essen- 
tial qualities of water ; wateriness as a quality. 
We do not assume that a something called aquosity 
entered into and took possession of the oxide of hydrogen 
as soon as it was formed, and then guided the aqueous 
particles to their places in the facets of the crystal, or 
among the leaflets of the hoar-frost. 
Huxley, Lay Sermons, p. 136. 
Life Is thus only an abstraction from the properties of 
living things, just as aquosity would be an abstraction 
from the properties of water. New Princeton Kev., II. 71. 
2. The state of being aquose or watery ; moist- 
ure. 
aquula (ak'w6-la), n. [L., also aquola, acula, 
a little water, a little stream, dim. of aqua, 
water: see aqua.'] In anat., & small collection 
of watery fluid Aauula acustica, the auditory fluid, 
the endolyraph or perifymph of the labyrinth of the ear. 
ar 1 (ar), ii. [< ME. ar, pi. arres, < AS. er, < L. 
er, the name of the letter r; < c, the usual as- 
sistant vowel, + r: see r.] The name of the 
letter R. Also formerly spelled arre. 
There was an V. and thre arres togydre in a sute 
With letters other, of whiche I shal reherse. 
Pol. Poem in Archceologia, XXIX. 31. (ffalltivell.) 
ar 2 , n. See arri. 
ar 3 t, ar 4 t, etc. Obsolete forms of arei, ere, or, 
ore, etc. 
ar-. The assimilated form, in Latin, etc., of ad- 
before r; in older English words a restored 
form of Middle English and Old French a-, the 
regular reduced form of Latin ar-, as in array, 
arrange, etc. 
-ar 1 . [ME. -ar, occasional spelling of -er 1 , -ere. ] 
A suffix of nouns denoting an agent ; a variant 
of -er 1 , as in beggar, liar, formerly and properly 
beijger, etc. 
-ar'-*. [ME. reg. -er, < OF. -er, -ier, -air, mod. F. 
-ier, -aire = Sp. Pg. -ario = It. -ario, -ajo, < L. -dr- 
iu-s, fern, -ar-ia, neut. -ar-iu-m, a common adj. 
and noun suffix, = Goth, -ar-ei-s = OHG. -art, 
-art, MHG. -are, -er, G. -er = AS. -ere, E. -er, 
suffix of nouns of agent : see-rl. The reg. OF. 
form was -er, -ier, > ME. -er, now restored to -ar. 
The usual mod. F. form is -aire. In E. -ar 2 as 
an adj. suffix appears as -art/ 1 , q. v.] A suffix 
of Latin origin, occurring in some nouns, as in 
bursar, medlar, mortar, ricar, etc. 
-ar 3 . [ME. reg. -er, < OF. -er, -ier, mod. F. -ier, 
-aire = Sp. Pg. -ar = It. -are, < L. -aris, neut. 
-are, eqiuv. to -dlis (E. -al), for which it is used 
when I precedes: see -al. In E. -ar3 also ap- 
pears as -an/ 2 , q. v.] A suffix, of Latin origin, 
(1) of adjectives (and of nouns thence derived), 
being equivalent to -al, for which it is used 
when I precedes, as in alar, polar, reqular, sin- 
gular, etc. (see -al, and compare -ar^) ; (2) of 
nouns, as in altar, collar, pillar, scholar, etc. 
In these nouns and other old words -ar is an alteration 
(to suit the Latin) of the Middle English -er, from Old 
French, or (as in scholar) from Anglo-Saxon. 
ar. In her., a common abbreviation of argent. 
The Constellation Ara. 
arabesque 
Ara 1 (a'rji). . [L., an ;ilt:tr.] One of the 15 
ancient southern constellations; the Altar. It 
is situated south of the 
Scorjijiin. Its t V*-. lui^ht- 
est stars an ..i the third 
magnitude. 
Ara-' Oi'rji), . [NL. '<. / 
(Brisson) ; appar. a 
native liriu. name; 
see def., at end.] A 
genus of American 
birds, of the family 
I'sitiiiridii; the ma- 
caws, of large size and 
gorgeous coloration, 
with very long cune- 
ate tail and moiv or 
less naked face; some- 
times made the type 
of a subfamily Arimr. 
containing the wedge- 
tailed American par- 
rots. Lending species are A. inarao, the red and blue 
macaw; .1. nrnrnnnn, tile blue anil yellow macaw; and A. 
li'in*-, niln ',M, the b\ aciiithine macaw. It is a synonym of 
Macrocercns (Vieillot, 181tt) and ,sw,v (Wagler, 1830). 
The related fonns, arra, arras, aracanga, ararnenuna, 
ararauna, and itrttra, are severally used for species or 
-ci ti., us of the genus Ara. 
Arab (ar'ab), n. and a. [< L. Arabs, pi. Arabeti 
(also ArabiiK, pi. Arabi), < Gr. "A/m^, pi. "A/iaJfc,, 
= Turk. Arab, < Ar. Arab.] I. 11. 1. A native 
of Arabia, or a member of the Arabic race (now 
widely spread in Asia and Africa, and formerly 
in southern Europe); an Arabian, whether a 
civilized inhabitant of a city or a dweller in 
the desert, commonly known as a Bedawi (see 
Bedouin) or nomadic Ishmaelite. 2. A neg- 
lected outcast of the streets, particularly on 
outcast boy or girl, often styled a street Arab, 
in allusion to the wandering Arabs. 
\\ hen he read about the street Arabs, and of the doings 
of the young fry of thieves, he ... wiped his eyes, and 
said, " God bless me ! " Mrs. Riddell. 
H. a. Of or pertaining to the Arabs or to 
Arabia ; Arabic ; Arabian : as, an Arab steed. 
The delicate Arab arch of her feet. 
Tennyson, Maud, xvi. 1. 
araba 1 , arba (a-ra'ba, ar'bii), n. [Also aroba, 
= Bulg. araba, Buss.' arba, ( Hind. Pers. araba, 
Araba. 
(From Lewis's "Constantinople.") 
Turk. Ar. 'arabah, a cart, wheeled vehicle.] A 
heavy, springless wagon, usually covered with a 
screen as shelter from the rays of the sun, drawn 
by oxen or cows, and used throughout north- 
western and central Asia, India, Turkey, and 
Bussia, wherever Tatars have settled. 
Not a single waggon is to be found in the district, and 
the wooden arba is not even known there. 
Encyc. Brit., XII. 3. 
araba 2 (ar'a-ba), ii. [S. Amer. ; cf. gtiariba, 
guareba, and araguato, names applied ito a dif- 
ferent species of the same genus.] A howling 
monkey of the South American genus Mycetes, 
M. stramineus. See howler. 
arabesque (ar-a-besk'), a. and n. [Alsoai-6esfr, 
< F. arabesque, < It. arabeseo (= 8p. Pg. ara- 
Moorish Arabesque Hall of Crowns. Alhambra, Spain. 
), < Arabo, Arab (see Arab), + -esco : see 
-esque. The arabesque style is so called because 
