asphalt 
The banks of 
it l>order tlie river of life. 
H. H". Iliiliurf, Autocrat, Iv. 
Bog-asphodel, the name of species of Xiirlln-rinni. A 
.lee asho, 
Scotch 
nish composed of :! parts of asphalt. 4 of boiled linseed- 
oil, and from i:> to 18 of oil of turpentine. Mexican as- 
phalt. Same as i-/i"///i/f. 
asphalt (as-falf). e. /. [< nxplinn, n.] To cover 
or treat with asphalt. 
asphalter (as-fal'ler), H. Hue who covers (as 
a path or a roof) with asphalt. 
asphaltic (as-fal'tik), . [< nxpliiilt + -/<.] Of 
the nature of or containing asphalt; bitnmi- asphyxia ( !is : n k'si-a), H. 
nouH. Asphaltic cement or asphaltic mastic. San"- 
Aspila 
families a- l-'uxurillulii'. Hn/inliilir. etc. 
Aspii/iilirinirliiiilii. 
Al-o 
sphodel. the name of species of .V,-(/,,-.-/,, .\ . Aspidochirotae I a - pi-do-kl-ro'te), H. pi. [XL.. 
^"_^l^^..'^. r '7r^:..;.?f l i 8 --M9!? w ttflS < <ir. Snric (<TT|-). a shield, + X np, a hand.] 
a i/'i, . 
asphalting (as-fal'ting), ii. Tho process of 
covering or paving with asphalt. 
In Paris . . . <i.,,,/m///i.'/ is Mill extensively practiced in 
the more spacious thoroughfares 
AVi/v.i;/', Mil. Encye., p. 113. 
American name of planUof the ^cnn> Tiitn-l<hn. 
asphodel, '/'"/"''''"' iiin*tri*. 
asphyctic (as-fik'tik), a. [< Gr. aa^iwrof, with- 
out pulsation (see agphyxta), + -/<.] 1. I'er- 
taining to asiihyxia. 2. Pulsele.-s. 
as-fik'si-a), 11. [XL., < Gr. aefvfia, a 
stopping of the pufse, (. aafyvKmc, without pul- 
sation. < ii- priv. + nfyi\eiv (-^ "aifivy), pulsate, 
throb.] If. Originally, absence of pulse. 2. 
The extreme condition caused by lack of oxy- 
gen and excess of carbon dioxid in the blood, 
A group of ordinary pedate holothurians or sea- 
oucuiiibers, with peltate tentacles : equivalent 
In the family llalotlniriiitir: contrasted with 
Diiiilnii'liiriilii' (which see). Also spelled As- 
i -irnlir. 
In tlie Aniiiilnrliiriilif. or holothnriiins with disk- or 
shield shaped tentacles furnished with tentacular am 
pulhe, tlie left respiratory tree is hound to the body-walls, 
I hero are no retractor muscles to the pharynx, and I'miei 
iun organs are present. These arc tlie highest type of 
llolothiiroidea, and are mainly tro|ii<-nl in their distribu- 
tion. Slflii'l. \ill. Ilii'.. I. Iv!. 
brought about by any sufficient interference 
with respiration, as in choking, drowning, or aspidochirote (as'pi-ilo-ki'rot), a. Pertaining 
asphaltite (as-fal'tit). a. [< L. Anphattites, a paralysis of the muscles of respiration. Also or belonging to the AspidiM-liirnln: Also spelled 
term applied especially to the Dead Sea; < asphi/ry. Local asphyxia, t&tiynaud's disease, axpiilni'ln irnti: 
Gr. da0a/r/7v/r, of asphalt, < amio/mr, asphalt.] asphyxial (as-fik'si-al), a. [< asphyxia +_-'.] Aspidogaster (as'pi-do-gas'ter), n. [NL., < 
Asphaltic; bituminous, Relating to asphyxia; resulting from or indi- Gr. aairif (aairtA-), a shield, + yaart/ii, stomach.] 
asphaltost (as-fal'tos), . [XL., <Gr. affij>o/7w;: eating asphyxia: as, as/iliyxial symptoms. A genus of Triiinitu/lii, or fluke-worms, para- 
see asphalt.] Same as nx)>liiitt. asphyxiant (as-fik'si-ant), n. [< as/iltysiii + sit ic in the pericardial cavity of the fresh-water 
asphaltotype (as-fal'to-tip), n. [< Gr. acupa/- -unti.] Any poisonous chemical substance mussel. A. rimi-liicold is an example. See cut 
ror, bitumen, + rr-o;-, type.] A negative photo- which produces asphyxia. under Tmitatiittu. 
graph produced, by the process of Niepce, on a asphyxiate (as-fik'si-at), v. t. ; pret. and pp. as- Aspidoglossa (as"pi-do-glos'a), w. [NL., < Gr. 
plate coated with a film of bitumen. Ssephotog- 2>ltyxiated, ppr. asphyxiatiny. [< asphyxia + 
-ate 2 .] To produce asphyxia in; suffocate, or 
deprive of oxygen to the extent of producing 
death or very serious symptoms. 
Tlie deprivation of oxygen, and the accumulation of 
carbonic acid, cause injury long before the a*iiliyiiiiiin : i 
point is reached. Huxley and Youmam, Physiol., 12S. 
[< asphyxi- 
asphyxia; a 
asphaltum (as-fal'tum), n. [NL. : see asphalt.] 
One of the so-called bituminous substances 
which are widely diffused over the earth, and are 
of great practical importance. See bitumen and 
bituminous. The asphaltums of various localities differ 
from each other consi<leral> 
I 
agi 
' general appearance or pltc.il (whence the name ol mm- =. "* OK"J """ , . 
pitch, often applied to them), in melting at about the aSphyXiatlVO (as-hk Sl-a-tiv), a. [< asphyxiate 
temperature of boiling water, and in taking flre when + -iff,] Suffocating; producing asphyxia or 
heated and burning with a bright but smoky flame. They su ffocation. 
varultifre."''!'''^ such aToil^fturp^nt^ asphyxy (as-fik'si), 11. See asphyxia. 
hoi. Asphaltum seems, in most cases at least, to have aspic 1 , aspick (as'pik), . [Early mod. E. also 
ted from the hardening of tlie more liunid forms of aspire ; < F. aspic, < Pr. aspic, < L. aspis (aspid-), 
resulted 1 
bitiiminons substances, namely, maltha and petroleum, 
which have oozed out upon the surface and become in- 
spissated by oxygenation or evaporation of their more vol- 
atile portions, or by both causes combined. The most 
interesting locality of asphaltum is the so-called "pitch- 
lake- in the island of Trinidad, about a mile and a half in 
circumference, ami tilled with asphaltum, which near the 
an asp: . 
same as asp' 2 , but used chiefly in poetry. 
They shall find 
That, to a woman of her hopes beguil'd, 
A viper trod on, or an aspic, 's mild. 
Fletcher, Spanish Curate, Iv. 1. 
Thereto she pointed with a laugh, 
Showing the ajtpitKs bite. Tennyson, Fair Women. 
sists of this material more or less mixed witn sana or _ . . - ._j nl ._., B nf ama \} poliher 
other mineral substances. Asphaltum is extensively used 2f. A piece of ordnance of small caliber, 
in a variety of ways, and especially for pavements, foot- aspic- (as pik), . [Early mod. S. aspicke, < AspldOphOra 
shore is quite solid, but nearer the center, in places, is soft 
and bubbling. Most of what is called asphaltum con- 
sists of this niaterial more or less mixed with sand or 
T/f (a<T7r5-), a shield, + yf.uaaa, a tongue (ligu- 
la).] A genus of beetles, 
family Carabidai, of the group 
Searitini. About 20 species are 
known, mostly from Central or 
South America. One, A. subanrru- 
lata (Chandler), occurs in the more 
southern portion of the United 
States east of the Rocky Mountains. 
It is an elongate, convex, and shin- 
ing insect, nearly 8 millimeters in 
length, with very stout fossorial 
legs, and deeply crenulatostriateely- 
tra. Its color is black with a green- 
ish tinge, but the antenna?, legs, and 
apex of the elytra are reddish. It 
Subangular <;r,.uml- is found on moist ground, where it 
beetle (Aspid,>tossa preys on soft-bodied insects. 
SSSSSSHSZ 11 Aspidonectes (as" P i-do- 
nek'tez), n. [NL., < Gr. aanii; 
(tumid-), a shield, + vt/nrtK, a swimmer, < vfariv, 
swim.] A genus of leather-back or soft-shelled 
turtles. A. ; 
nifer is a com- 
mon carnivorous 
voracious species 
of North Amer- 
ica. 
walks, 
pared 
by 
ks, and roofing, for this purpose the material is pre- p; aspic, in huile df aspic for liuile de spic (so first 
ed by mixing it while hot with sand or fine gravel, or . ,. n f aspic j[ e ) . spic lavender spike, 
of SfflSo U A fflS $ S^ney^rl orig. spikenard : P 8 ee spike.} The great la\-en- 
frequently called,- are peculiarly adapted for pavements der, Lavandula spica. See lavender. 
or other special purposes. The localities of Seyssel in asoic 3 (as'pik), n. [F. ; perhaps < aspic, an 
France ^^S^jJ^^J^^StaS.'SnS a P ( see *&&\ with allusion to its coolness, 
BUtaof a Hinesto l ne impregnated 'with bUumnmus 'material there being _a_F_rench proverbial s_aying, "Cold 
to the amount of from 4 to IB per cent. This rock, espe- 
cially that from Val de Travel's, has the remarkable prop 
ra). " H. pi. 
[NL., neut. 
pi. of aspiito- 
phorus, adj. : 
see Aspidoplto- 
rus.] 1. InLa- 
Leitther-back Turtle ( 
sfintftr}. 
as an aspic" (Littre) ; or perhaps from the (sup- treille's svstem of classification, a section of his 
posed) custom of flavoring or seasoning this phyllopodous branchiopods, containing the 
erty of forming without any admixture an extraordinari- g. h .^ ikeg of i aven der: see aspic*.] In genera Apus and Lepidvrus, and equivalent to 
^K^^tS^^n^SfSffSSS cookery* S ?de dish consisting of a elelr, savory fhe mode'm family Apodid* of the , order Phyl- 
cities of Europe. The rock lias ouiy to be heated, whenlt meat-jelly containing fowl, game, fish, etc. lopoda. Also Aspidiphora. 2.^In Allman's sys- 
crumbles to powder, in which condition it is compressed oonint M " gee 
in molds into blocks, or simply spread over the surface - < ,^:.,. 1 |. t ' /as.nik'u- 
reqnlred to be covered, and packed or pressed by pestle or asplCUiare ^as-piK u 
roller, when, after cooling, it assumes a condition closely Ions. 
private property ; the principle of communism. 
Southey. [Rare.] 
tern of classification, a suborder of polyzoans 
Same as aspicu- constituted for the reception of Uliabdnpleura. 
See Podostomata. 
[< Gr. a- priv. + Aspidophorus (as-pi-dof 'o-rus) ; n. [NL., < Gr. 
" TT--- - u: - l ' 1 -bearing, < ao-Tr/f (aomfi-), a 
fytpeiv = E. bearl.] A genus 
canthopterygian fishes armed with shield- 
scales: synonymous with Agon us. 
(domt!-), a shield.] 1. A genus of cili- aspidorhynchid (as"pi-do-ring'kid), H. A fish 
ate i'nfusorians, type of the family Aspidiscula;. of the family AspidofhyncMdte. 
asphodel (as'fo-del), N. [< L. asphodelus. < Gr. C ihata. ganoid i 
dCT^ooVWc, king's-spear, a jplant of the lily kind ; Aspidium (as-pid'i-um), n. [NL., < Gr. do-Ti'Aov, the sides, jaws prolonged into a beak, the ver- 
adj., So^orfeJlor fet/nOv,^ in ^ a fittle shield, dim. of aairif (aamf-), a shield.] tebral column homocercal, the fins furnished 
1 . A genus of ferns variously limited, but in its with fulcra, and the dorsal fin opposite the anal, 
broad sense including all those in which the The species are extinct ; they lived during the 
dot-like sori are covered by a roundish, peltate, 
Homer, the asphodel meadow 
of the dead ; origin unknown. 
The E. forms affodil, daffodil, 
daffodilly, etc., are corrup- 
tions of asphodel : see daffo- 
dil.] A name of various spe- 
cies of Asphodeliitt, a genus of 
plants, natural order Liliacca>, 
natives of southern Europe. 
The yellow asphodel or king's-spear, 
A. Inteux, is the handsomest and 
best-known species, though others are 
sometimes cultivated for ornament. 
The asphodel of the earlier English and 
French poets is the daffodil, Sarcixmu 
-PaeudiMm/v/sv"*. In Gr. myth, the 
asphodel was the peculiar plant of the dead, its pale blos- 
soms covering the meadows of Hades. It received this at- 
tribution, perhaps, because in Greek lands it is a very 
common weed, plentiful in barren and desert places and 
alnnit tombs. 
or reniform indusitim. Those with a reniform in- 
dusium, attached by the sinus, are often separated as the 
genus Xephrodium. When the indusium is abortive or 
obliterated, the species are not distinguishable from forms 
of Polypodium. The genus is cosmopolitan, including 
nearly 300 species, which vary greatly in size, texture. 
Mesozoic epoch. 
Aspidorhynchus (as"pi-do-ring'kus), n. [NL., 
< Gr. aamc, (annif-), a shield, + pijx ?, a snout, 
a beak.] 1. The typical genus of AspidorJiyn- 
chida: Agassi:, 1833. 2. A genus of reptiles. 
3. A genus of worms. 
venation, and division of the fronds. About 40 species Aspidostraca (as-pi-dos'tra-ka). n. pi. [NL.. 
.- i i*i.i_ .1 TT_I* i ...... ri. ..... -L ....;. *'*'' \ r . ,. .. " f V ,, _ 
Asphodel 
are found within the United States. The common species 
are usually known as wood-ferns or shield-ferns. See 
shield-fern. 
2. A genus of hymenopterous insects. Also 
Aspidiini. 
Aspidobranchia (as"pi-do-brang'ki-a), n. pi. 
[NL., < Gr. dtnr/c (dami-), a shield, + ppa-j 
< Gr. dairic. (aamd-), a shield, + oarpaKov, a shell.] 
In Burmeister's system of classification, one of 
three orders of Crustacea, divided into five sub- 
orders called Parasita, Lophyropoda, Phyllopo- 
da, Cirripedia, and Ptecilopoda. See these 
words. 
