Athenaeum 
ern times, an institution for the encouragement 
of literature and art, often possessing a library 
for the use of those entitled to its privileges. 
Athene (a-the'ne), . [L., also Athena, < Gr. 
'A0>/v>/, Doric 'Atidva, also (prop, an udj. form) 
'Afofvalti, ^Oolic 'ASavaia, 'AOavda, Attic 'A"'/' 1 '"". 
contr. 'Afli/vii, a name of uncertain origin, as- 
sociated with that of 'A&ffvai, Athens.] 1. In 
Gr. myth., the goddess of knowledge, arts, sci- 
Atbene. The Minerva Farnese, Museo Nazionale, Naples. 
onces, and righteous war; particularly, the tute- 
lary deity of Athens : identified by the Romans 
with Minerva. She personified the clear upper air as 
well as mental clearness and acuteness, embodying the 
spirit of truth and divine wisdom, and was clothed with 
the tegis symbolizing the dark storm-cloud, and armed with 
the resistless spear the shaft of lightning. Also Athena. 
2. [NL.] In ornith., an extensive genus of owls, 
related to A. noctua of Europe, including small 
earless species. The name is used by different authors 
witli ten-lit latitude, and is not susceptible of exact defini- 
tion. It was tirst used for a genus of birds by Boie, 1822. 
Atheneum, n. See Athenu-itm. 
Athenian (a-the'ni-an), a. and n. [< L. as if 
"Athenianus, equivalent to Atheniensis, < Athe- 
na, < Gr. 'ABjjvai, Athens, traditionally named 
after 'A6i/v?/, Athene.] I. o. Pertaining to 
Athens, anciently the metropolis of Attica in 
Greece, and now the capital of the kingdom of 
Greece. 
II. n. A native or citizen of Athens. 
atheologiant (a/'the-o-ld'ji-an), . [< Gr. a- 
priv. (a-!8) + theologian.] "One who is not a 
theologian; one who has no knowledge of the- 
ology ; an ignorant theologian. 
They . . . [the Jesuits] are the only atheolumans whose 
heads entertain no other object but the tumult of realms. 
Sir J. Ilaitward, Answer to Doleman, Ix. 
atheologic.il (a'the-o-loj'^!),!), o. [< Gr. a- 
priv. (a- 1 **) + theological.] Untheological ; con- 
trary to theology. 
In the curt atheological phrase of the Persian Lucretius, 
"one thing is certain, and the rest is lies." 
Swinburne, Shakespeare, p. 233. 
atheologyt (a-the-ol'6-ji), n. [< Gr. a- priv. 
(a-!8) + theology. Cff. atheous.] 1. Lack or 
absence of theological knowledge; opposition 
to theology. 2. Atheism. 
Several of our learned members have written many pro- 
found treatises on anarchy, but a brief, complete body of 
alhfology seemed yet wanting. 
Stcift, On Collins's Discourse. 
atheous (a'the-us), a. [= Pg. atheo = Sp. It. 
ati-D, an atheist, < L. atiieus, atheos, < Gr. A0o 
of, without a god, godless: see atheism.] If. 
Atheistic; ungodly. 
The hypocrite or atheous priest. Miiton, P. R., i. 487. 
2. Having no reference to God; irrespective of 
divine existence or power. 
"All physical science, properly so called, is compelled 
by its very nature to take no account of the being of God : 
as soon as it does this, it trenches upon theology, and 
ceases to be physical science." And so, coining a dis- 
criininuting word to express this, he [the Bishop of Car- 
lisle] would say that science was atheous, and therefore 
cinilil not be atheistic. Science, III. 132. 
Athericera (ath-e-ris'e-ra), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
adijp, awn or beard of an ear of corn, + Kepaf, a 
horn.] In Latreille's system of classification, 
the fifth family of dipterous insects, nearly 
equivalent to the dichtetous division of brachy- 
cerous l>t/>ti ro, but including the Syrphidai. 
The division corresponded to the Linnean genera Coitopi 
and iK.ifnf.-i, \vith most of the species of Mltsca, including 
tlie but-llies and drone-llies with the Hies proper. [Not in 
MtJ 
363 
athericerous (ath-e-ris'e-niN), a. [<Athfrn-i m 
+ -oux.] Pertaining to or resembling the Mln- 
riccrn. 
Atherina (ath-e-ri'nii), . [NL., < (ir. U 
a kind of smelt.] A genus of abdominal iiean- 
thopterygian fishes, typical <>f tin- family Allu- 
riiiiilii 1 . containing the sand-smelts. A. ;/'.. 
the common liritish athcrinc or Kand-smelt, is a tish UJHIIII 
G inches Ion--:. used as food. 
atherine (uth'e-rin), . [< Athrrinn.] A fish 
of the genus . I tin rinii ; a sand-smelt. 
atherinid (ftth-j-rin'id), . A fish of th<- Cun- 
ily Atln-fiinilii . 
Atherinidae (ath-c-rin'i-do), . /./. [XL., < 
Alhrriiiii + -/>/'.] The atherinen or sand- 
smelts; a family of abdominal arani hoplcry-iiiin 
fishivs, typified by the genus Atherina, to which 
varying limits have been ascribed by different 
Writers. In (iiinther's system the AthpriniJir are a 
family of A<'ttn1li-1>'i->t-ln >ni'';H(t:n'n<fH, luivillK Vertebre 
in increased number and the dentition feeble m 'of mod- 
erate strength, anil including tin- tetragonurids as well as 
the athcrinids proper. In innre recent systems they are a 
family of I'ercettuce* with more than 24 vertebnc, i -v< -I'.iilnl 
scales, dorsal Him two in number and separate, and feeble 
dentition. The sjiccies are mostly small; those found in 
America are known as J'rin />', or are confounded with the 
< i. HI* , i under the name nt 
atherinidan (ath-e-rin'i-dan), n. A fish of the 
family Atherlnidas ; an atherinid. Kir ./. Itirli- 
urihon. 
Atherinina (ath*e-ri-ni'nil), H. pi. [NL.,< 
Atherina + -/HO.] In Gttnther's classification 
of fishes, the first subfamily < if. I lln-rin iilii', char- 
acterized by feeble dentition, cycloidal scales, 
the separation of the first dorsal fin from the 
second, the presence of an air-bladder, and the 
absence of pyloric appendages: same as Athe- 
rinidie of recent systems. 
atherinoid (ath'e-ri-noid), . and n. [< Athe- 
rina + -oid.] I. a. Having the characters of 
the Atherinidai. 
II. n. A fish of the family Atherinidai; an 
atherinid. 
athermancy (a-ther'man-si), n. [< Gr. a8ipu9i>- 
rof, not heated : see utliirmiiimus and -cy.] The 
power or property of stopping radiant heat ; 
impermeableness to radiant heat. It corre- 
sponds to opacity in the case of light. 
athermanous (a-ther'ma-nus), a. [< Gr. o- 
priv. + fap/iaiveiv (Ospfiav-), heat, impart heat 
(cf. aOippavrof, not heated), < Oep/iAf, hot (8(pfi?/, 
heat): see thermo-.] Impermeable to radiant 
heat; having the power of stopping radiant 
heat ; opaque to heat. 
atherinous (a-ther'mus), a. [< Gr. adep/iof, 
without warmth, < a- priv. + 8cp/i6f, hot, Btp/a/, 
heat.] Same as athermanous. 
atheroma (ath-e-ro'ma), n.; pi. atheromata 
(-ma-ta). [NL., < Gr. aS^pu/^a(T-), a tumor full 
of gruel-like matter, < aOf/ptj, a form of aSapy, 
groats or meal, a porridge made therefrom.] 1. 
A name given to various kinds of encysted tu- 
mors, the contents of which have the appear- 
ance of bread-sauce. 2. The formation of 
thickened patches of the inner coat of an ar- 
tery (much more rarely of a vein), constitut- 
ing flattened cavities which contain a pasty 
mass exhibiting fat-globules, fatty acid crys- 
tals, cholesterin, more or less calcareous mat- 
ter, etc. The endothelial film separating this from the 
blood may give way, and an atheromatous ulcer \K formed. 
Also athcrome. 
atheromatous (ath-e-ro'ma-tus), a. [< athe- 
roma(t-) + -OMS.] Pertaining to or resembling 
atheroma ; having the qualities of atheroma. 
atherome (ath'e-rom), n. Same as atheroma. 
Atherura (ath-e-ro'ra), n. [NL., < Gr. a8r/p, the 
beard of an ear of corn, + ovpd, tail.] A genus 
of hystricomorph rodents, of the family Hystri- 
eidae; the brush-tailed porcupines: so called 
because the tail ends in a pencil of flattened 
scaly bristles. The best-known species are A.ftuci- 
culata, the Malacca porcupine of India, and the African A. 
a^fricaiui. There are several others. Also Atherurus. 
atherure (ath'e-ror), n. [< Atherura.] A 
brush-tailed porcupine ; a species of the genus 
Atherura. 
Atherurus (ath-e-ro'rus), n. Same as Athe- 
riiru. 
atheticize (a-thet'i-siz), . t. ; pret. and pp. 
athcticized, ppr. atheticizing. [Irreg. < Gr. oferof, 
set aside, invalid, + -ic + -ize. Cf. athetize.] 
Same as athetize. Sevcrley. 
athetize (ath'e-tiz), c. t. ; pret. and pp. athe- 
- 
athwart 
He [Walter Leaf, in bis edition of the Iliad 1 iithelilf* 
but r,:: lines in A M. . Amtr, Jaw. >> PMW., \ i 
athetoid (ath'e-toid), . Of or resembling 
atlietosis: us, tithi-timl moveinents. 
athetosis (ath-e-to'sis). /. [NL., < <ir. ''" 
\vithoutplace (see ulln ii::< ), + -nxix.] In piitlntl., 
a condition in which the hands ami feet can- 
not be maintained in any position in which 
they are placed, but continually perform in- 
voluntary, slow, irregular movement*. 
of oftliiiil;i; < AS. ii/'llii/iii-ini, inipers.. < /- + 
llii/iii'iiii, seem: see a- 4 and thi/il:.] To repent; 
grieve. Me athlnketh 1 , it repents me. 
Me tltl'i nk>-tlt tluit I scluil reberce it tlere. 
OUHUtr, I'n, I. to Millers Till. 
athirst (a-thersf), (i. [< ME. iithiirnt, also 
ullifi-stf and nfitrxt, contr. from oftliurnt, /- 
tlii/rnt, < AS. ofthyrrted, very thirsty, ]i]i. of /- 
Ilii/rxltni, thirst, < of- (intensive) + 1/ii/rsUin, 
pp. thi/rxti-il, thirst ; see a- 4 and thirst, V.] 1. 
Thirsty; wanting drink. 
\\ lien thou art athi,:.t, -,. unto the vessels, and drink. 
lintl. 
2. Figuratively, having a keen appetite or de- 
sire. 
Their Ixjundlng hearts alike 
Athirnt for battle. Cowper, Iliad. 
athlete (ath'let), . [< \j.athleta,< Gr. /'/>/,- 
nfo a combatant, contestant in the games, < 
afffalv, contend, < (W?.or, a contest, esp. for a 
prize (neut. aS'fav, the prize of contest), contr. 
of *aFe6hof, prob. < a- + / "FtO (= E. wed, 
pledge: see wed) + formative -Xo-f.] 1. In 
Gr. antiq., one who contended for a prize in the 
public games. Hence 2. Any one trained to 
exercises of agility and strength ; one accom- 
plished in athletics; a man full of strength 
and activity. 
Here rose an athlete, strong to break or bind 
All force in bonds that might endure. 
Tennymn, Palace of Art. 
athletic (ath-let'ik), a. and n. [< L. athleticus, 
< Gr. o<?X)/ToV, < a6).r/rf/f, athlete: see athlete.] 
I. a. 1. Pertaining to athletes or to the exer- 
cises practised by them: as, athletic sports. 
Hence 2. Strong; robust; vigorous; physi- 
cally powerful and active. 
That athletie soundness and vigour of constitution 
which is seen in cottages, where Nature is cook and Ne- 
cessity caterer. South. 
II. n. An athlete. [Rare.] 
athletically (ath-let'i-kal-i), adv. In a strong, 
robust, or athletic manner. 
athleticism (ath-let'i-sizm), n. [< athletic + 
-ism.] The act or practice of engaging in ath- 
letic exercises; devotion to athletics. 
athletics (ath-let'iks), . [Plural of athletic.] 
The art or practice of athletic games or exer- 
cises; the system of rules or principles em- 
ployed for physical training, as in running, 
rowing, boxing, gymnastics, etc. 
athletism (ath'le-tizm), . [< athlete + -ism.] 
The character or profession of an athlete. 
Athole brose. See brose. 
Athorybia (ath-o-rib'i-a), n. [NL., < Gr. d- 
priv. + OopVfiof, noise, murmur, confusion.] A 
genus of oceanic hydrozoans, 
type of the family Athorybi- f^\J ^ t 
ida:. A. rosacea inhabits the 
Mediterranean. 
Athorybiadae (ath'o-ri-bi'a- 
de), n. pi. Same as Atlior'y- 
Athorybiidae (ath'o-ri-bi'i- 
de), n.pl. [NL., < Athorybia 
+ -trfoP.] A family of phy- jlthayHa macea, 
sophorous oceanic Hydrozoa, J^^^ 
of the order Siphonophora, cies, with , their sac- 
d, ppr. athetizing. K Gr. aBerelv, set aside, 
reject as spurious (X dferof, set aside, invalid, 
without place or position, < a- priv. + 6tr6(, 
verbal adj. of Ti-6t-vcu, put, place : see thesis, 
etc.), + -tee.] To set aside ; reject as spurious. 
having a bundle of tvdro- 
phylha instead of a swim- 
ming-column, and resembling a larval stage of 
some other Physophora. 
athreet, prep. phr. as adv. [ME., also a thre; 
< aS + three.] In three parts. Chaucer. 
athrepsia (a-threp'si-a), . [NL., < Gr. a- 
priv. + 6pe-<l>tf, nourishment, < rpttyeiv, nourish.] 
iapathol., a profound disturbance of nutrition 
in children, due to neglect of hygiene and in- 
sufficient or improper food. 
athrob (a-throb ), prep. phr. as adv. or a. [< 3 
+ throb.'] In or into a throbbing or palpitat- 
ing state or manner ; throbbing. 
[Language] is a mere dead Iwdy without a soul till some 
man of genius set its arrested pulses once more athrob. 
Lou-ell, Study Windows, p. 258. 
athwart (a-thwart), prep. phr. as adv. andprep. 
[Early mod. E. also athirt, So. athourt, athort, 
