athwart 
< ME. athwart ; < + thwart. Cf . orerthwart.] 
1. tulv. 1. Crosswise; from 'side to side; trans- 
versely. 
He caus'd to be drawn out and pav'd four main roads 
to the utmost length and breadth of the island ; and two 
others athieart. Milton, Hist. Bug., 1. 
2. In opposition to the proper or expected 
course; in a manner to cross and perplex; 
crossly; wrongly; wrongfully. [Kare.] 
The baby beats the nurse, and quite athwart 
Goes all decorum. Shale., M. for M., i. 4. 
II. prep. 1. Across ; from side to side of. 
A pine, 
Bock-rooted, stretehed athwart the vacancy 
Its swinging boughs. Shelley, Alastor. 
The Fosse Way was one of the two great lines of commu- 
364 
son, venison, which have differentiated doub- 
lets in oration, venation (obs.).] A suffix of 
Latin origin, occurring in nouns of action, etc. 
These nouns are properly abstract nouns equivalent to 
English nouns in -ing, and are () taken directly from 
the Latin, as citation, cvmriwndatioii, creation, education, 
libri-atum, etc., and formed in Latin (eoitiincmlntiu, etr.) 
from the verbs represented in English either by forms 
without suffix (from the Latin infinitive), as cite, commend, 
etc., or by forms in -ate (from the Latin perfect partici- 
ple) as create, educate, liberate ; or (b) formed in modern 
speech, whether from verbs without suffix, as in fixation, 
quotation, etc., from./!*, quote, etc., or from verbs in -ate, 
as concentration, desiccation, from concentrate, desiccate, 
X 
atlas 
pertaining to Atlas, < "Artaf ('AT/MVT-), Atlas, (1) 
the Titan (see atlas 1 ), or (2) the mountain-range 
in northwestern Africa named from the Titan, 
being regarded as the pillar of heaven ; TO 'AT- 
yiavriKov TTt/layof, the Atlantic ocean, named from 
Mount Atlas.] I. a. 1. Pertaining to or de- 
scended from Atlas: as, "the seven Atlantic 
Sisters" (the Pleiades), Milton, P. L., x. 674. 
2. Appellative of or pertaining to that division 
of the ocean which lies between Europe and 
Africa on the east and America on the west. 
II. n. The Atlantic ocean. 
heteropod mollusk 
accompanying verb in English, as constellation, lunation, 
negation, etc. 
nication which ran athwart Britain from the northeast to ner/ation, etc. ,*;/ (see Atlantic), + -lOai, 
the southwest. J. R. Green, Conq. of Eng., p. 193. -atlOUS. [< -atl(on) + -OUS, like , -fco*,< -ltt(o) ^ + _. rf j 
-L. ,,1.0 T A Ajumrtwrnnd a.liAptlvp Sllfnv. ROn- _. VH' T> > . 
j>Z. [NL., < Gr. 
"'AT'AOVT-), Mount Atlas, taken for Africa 
Atlantic), + -itiai, -idse. In sense 2, < 
2. Naut., across the line_ of a ship's course. 
3. In opposition to ; against; contrary to. 
I have seen this present work, and find nothing athwart 
the Catholick faith and good manners. 
Milton, Areopagitica, p. 11 
+ -ous.] ~ A compound adjective suffix, con- 
sisting of -ous added to a reduced form of 
-ation, and serving to form adjectives from JSuS! 
_ ._- ^ ,7,'~~,.^#'* J i, fwrtvv. tlio\,ltll- -fl-Lll^cfc (lll^l 
One of the three 
great divisions into which some ethnologists 
divide the human race, including the tribes of 
nouns in -ation, as disputatious from disputa- 
tion. 
Athwart hawse, said of a ship when she lies or" sails atiptOC (a-tip'to) , prep. phr. as adv. or a. 
he stem of another, whether near or at some dis- ? 3 + tiptoe.] I. On tiptoe. 2. Figuratively, 
across the 
tance. 
We soon saw two sails to windward, going directly _ative. 
athwart our hawse. 
R. U. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 10. 
Athwart the forefoot, said of the flight of a cannon- 
ball fired across a ship's course before her bows, as a com- 
mand to her to bring to. 
athwartships (a-thwart'ships), prep. phr. as 
adv. [< athwart + ship + adv. gen. sufflx -*.] 
Athwart the ship; crosswise of the ship. 
The foretopsail, which had been double reefed, split in 
in a state of high expectation or eagerness. 
two athwartships, just below the reef-band, from earing 
to earing. R. H. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 254. 
athymiat (a-thim'i-a), n. 
les of Asia. 2. 
A family of heteropodous mollusks, typified by 
the genus Atlanta. They are free-swimming pelagic 
forms, of warm seas, with a small, thin, keeled, spiral 
shell and calcareous operculum. Besides the type, At- 
lanta, the family contains the genus Oxygyrus. 
'[= F-atif~, fern, -ative, < "L. -at-ivus, Atlantides (at-lan'ti-dez), n. pi. [L., < Gr. 
being' -ivus, E. -we, suffixed to the pp. stem in 'Arfavrttes, pi. of 'Ariavric, fern, patron., daugh- 
-at- E. -ate 1 , -ate 2 .] A compound adjective ter of "ArAaf ('Ardour-), Atlas : see atlas 1 .] 1. A 
suffix of Latin origin, consisting of -ive added to name given to the Pleiades, which were fabled 
the stem represented by -ate 2 , and accompany- to be the seven daughters of Atlas who were 
ing verbs with suffix -ate 2 , as in demonstrative, translated to heaven. 2. The inhabitants of 
relative, etc., from demonstrate, relate, etc., or the legendary island of Atlantis. 
- etc., Atlantis (at-lan'tis), n. [L., < Gr. tortevrif. 
see Atlantic.] A mythical island of vast extent, 
verbs without a suffix, as in laudative, 
from laud, etc., or standing without corre- 
sponding verbs in English, as in amative, horta- mentioned by Plato and other ancient writers, 
and placed by them in the far West. 
stropheal (at - Ian " to - ep " i - stro - 
fe'al), a.~ [< atlas (atlant-) + epistropha-us + 
j. j ana t pertaining to the atlas and epi- 
8 "r J p h ^ U s or axis. 
five, lucrative, etc. : especially frequent in gra; 
matical terms, as in vocative, locative, ablative, atlanto-epistropheal (at -Ian 
etc., all used also as nouns. It is also found in a 
few other nouns, as in prerogative, donative. It is added 
five, and used in colloquial or slang expressions like 170- stropnaaus C IXIS. 
ahead-ative. English formations in -ative, from verbs in atlantO-OCClpltal (at-lan"to-ok-Sip i-tal), a. (<, 
', %e2, retain the accent of the verb, as decorative. atlas (atlant-) + occiput (occipit-) + -al.] In 
[< Gr. advfiia, want of 
courage or spirit, <"d(fyuof, wanting courage or 
spirit, < a- priv. + Ovuof, courage, spirit, breath, 
< 6iieiv, rush, rage, be eager.] Lowness of spir- 
its; despondency; melancholy. 
-atic 1 . [< F.-atique (vernacularly -age, >~E. -age, ^ ^ 
q. v.) = Sp. Pg. It. -atico, < L. -aticus, a com- Atlanta (at-lan'ta), re. [NL., < L. Atlanticus, a nat., pertaining to the atlas and the occipital 
pound adj. suffix, being -4e-us, E. -ic, suffixed Atlantic: see Atlantic, a.] A genus of mol- bone. 
to a pp. stem in -at-: see -ate 1 , -ic, and -age.] i us ks, typical of the family Atlantida;, having atlanto-odontoid (at-lan'to-o-don'toid), a. [< 
A compound suffix of some adjectives of Latin the twisted visceral sac inclosed in a dextral atlas (atlant-) + odontoid.] Inanat., pertaining 
origin, as aquatic, erratic, lymphatic, etc,., some 8 pi ra l shell, and the foot provided with an oper- to the atlas and the odontoid process of the axis. 
culum. A. peroni is a Mediterranean species, atlantosaurid (at-lan-to-sa'rid), n. A dino- 
atlantad (at-lan'tad), adv. [< atlas (atlant-) sau rian reptile of the family Atlantosauridai. 
+ -art's.] In anat., toward the atlas, or the Atlantosauridse (at-lan-to-sa'ri-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Atlantosaurus + 4dai.] A family of 
of which are also used as nouns, as fanatic, 
lunatic, etc._ [See remark under -atic 2 .] 
-atic 2 . [< F. -atique = Sp. Pg. It. -atico 
s, <C 
< L. 
-aticus, < Gr. -ar-uc-6s, being -oc-of, E. -ic, suffixed u p pe r part of the body 
to a noun stem in -or-, nom. -a, or-ap, or-ar-w: atlantal (at-lan'tal), a. [< NL. atlantalis, < aa u r 
A compound termination atlas 1 , 3, q. v.] In anat., of or pertaining to the ta ry canal, the ischia directed downward and 
see -ate 5 and -ic.] 
of adjectives taken from or formed after Greek, 
as grammatic, hepatic, pneumatic, some accom- 
panying English nouns in -ma or -m, as dra- 
matic, problematic, etc., or in -ate 5 , as piratic, 
atlas. Atlantal foramen (foramen atlantale), a hole 
through the fore-border of the atlas of many animals for 
the transmission of the suboccipital nerve and vertebral 
artery. In man it is present only exceptionally, and is 
generally represented by a groove. 
-atile. [=F. -atile, < L. -dtilis, a compound adj. 
suffix, being -His, E. -He or -le, suffixed to a pp. 
stem in -at-: see -ate 1 and -He.] A suffix of 
some adjectives of Latin origin, as aquatile, 
fluviatile, etc. 
atilt (a-tilf), prep. phr. as adv. or a. [< aS + 
tilt 1 , re.] 1. Tilted up; set on tilt, literally or 
figuratively. 
Speak ; if not, this stand 
Of royal blood shall be abroach, atilt, and run 
Even to the lees of honour. 
Beau, and Fl., Philaster, v. 1. 
The little bird sits at his door in the sun, 
Atilt like a blossom among the leaves. 
Lowell, Sir Lauufal, i. 
2-. In the manner of a tilter; in the position 
or with the action of a man making a thrust : 
as, to ride or run atilt. 
atimy (at'i-mi), n. [< Gr. aTipia, disgrace, loss 
of civil rights, dishonor, < drt/iof, dishonored, 
deprived of civil rights, < a- priv. + ri/tq, honor, 
< rietv, honor.] Iji Gr. antiq., disgrace; sus- 
pension of the civil rights of a person in pun- 
ishment of grave offenses ; outlawry ; civil dis- 
franchisement ; degradation, it was perpetual and 
total (sometimes hereditary), or temporary, or partial and 
affecting only certain privileges of the citizen. It often in- 
volved confiscation of property. 
-ation. [< F. -ation = Sp. -acion = Pg. -ajao 
= It. -azione, < L. -dtio(n-), ace. -dtionem, being 
-tio(n-), E. -tion, q. v., suffixed to the stem of 
verbs in -a-re, or, in other words, -io(n-), E. 
-ion, suffixed to the pp. stem -at-, E. -ate 1 , of 
verbs in -a-re : see -tion, -ion, and -ate 1 . The reg. 
OF. form of this suffix was -aisun, -eisun, later Atlantic (at-lan'- 
-aison, etc. (later restored -ation, ME. -ation, tik), a. and re. [< 
-acion, -atioun, -acioun), > ME. -aisun, -eisun, L. Atlanticus, 
-esun, etc., which exists, unrecognized, in ori- Gr. 
see atlas 1 .] 1. Pertaining to Atlas; 
resembling Atlas. 
Sage he stood, 
With A tlantean shoulders, fit to bear 
The weight of mightiest monarchies. 
Milton, P. L., ii. 306. 
2. Pertaining to the island Atlantis of Plato 
and Strabo, fabled to exist in the ocean of the 
far West, or to 
Bacon's ideal 
commonwealth of 
that name. 
Sometimes writ- 
ten Atlantian. 
pi. of 
Atlas : see 
atlas 1 .] Inarch., 
figures or half fig- 
ures of men used 
in place of col- 
umns or pilas- 
ters, to support 
an entablature. 
They were called tel- 
anwnes by the Ro- 
mans. Female figures 
so employed are call- 
ed caryatids or carya- 
tides. See atlasl, 2. 
Atlantian (at- 
lan'ti-an), a. See 
Atlantean. 
Otto Heinrich's Palace, Heidelbenf Castle, 
Baden. 
sauropodous dinosaurian reptiles with a pitui- 
tary canal, the ischia directed downward and 
meeting at the middle, a hollow sacrum, and 
the anterior and caudal vertebra excavated by 
lateral cavities. It is a group of gigantic Juras- 
sic herbivorous lizards. O. C. Marsh. 
(at-lan-to-s&'rus), n. [NL., < 
-), in allusion to their size, + 
A genus of dinosaurians the 
species of which were of gigantic size ; the type 
of the family Atlantosaurida;. 
atlas 1 (at'las), n. [= F. Sp. Pg. atlas = It. at- 
lante = G."Dan. Sw. atlas, atlas (def. 4), < L. 
Atlas (Atlant-), < Gr. "Arlaf ('Ar'Aavr-), in myth. 
a member of the older family of gods, who 
bore up the pillars of heaven ; later, one of the 
Titans, condemned to bear up the heavens, or, 
in other forms of the legend, the earth: the 
name was also given to Mount Atlas (see At- 
lantic), to a statue serving as a column (def. 2), 
and to one of the cervical vertebra (def. 3) ; 
appar. < d- euphonic + </ *r">.a (T^tjvai), endure, 
= L. t/ *tla, in tlatus, latus, pp. (associated with 
ferre = E. bear 1 , hold up, carry), and in tollere, 
lift, tolerare, endure: see ablative nod tolerate.] 
1. leap.] One who supports a heavy burden ; a 
mainstay; a 'pillar.' 2. [PI. atlantes (at-lan'- 
tez).] A male human figure serving as a col- 
umn or pilaster. See atlantes. 3. [NL.] In 
anat., the first cer- 
vical vertebra, by 
which the skull ar- 
ticulates with the 
spinal column: so 
called because it 
supports the head, 
as Atlas was fabled 
to uphold the sky. 
It is one of the most 
modified and special- 
ized of the vertebrae, of- 
ten having no centrum, 
as such, but a hypa- 
pophysis instead, large 
transverse processes or 
lateral masses, and the 
other processes small 
s, 
Human Atlas. 
rudiment of neural spine in the 
, 
neural arch ; d, tubercular process, or 
diapophysis proper, and p, capitular 
process, or parapophysis these two 
making the so-called transverse pro- 
cess, and inclosing the vertebrarterial 
foramen ; hy, hypapophysis, in place 
of a centrum : a, articular surface for 
occipital condyle. 
