Baconian 
induction (wliicli see) as developed by modern science, on 
the aiiiiposition that Bacon was mainly instrumental in 
bringing this method into general use. 
II. n. \. An adherent of the Baconian 
philosophy. 2. One who holds the theory 
that Bacon wrote the plays usually attributed 
to Shakspere. 
Baconism (ba'kon-izm), n. [< Bacon + 4m.j 
The philosophy of Francis Bacon, or the gen- 
eral spirit of his writings. 
These societies are schools of Baronimi, designed to 
embody all that was of value in the thought and spirit of 
Bacon namely, a protest against traditional authority 
in science, with, of course, a recommendation of induction 
and of the inductive sciences for their value in the arts of 
life. Wright. 
baconize (ba'kon-iz), v. t.; pret. and pp. bacon- 
i:cd,\>\>T.baconi:iny. [< &co + -i.e.] To make 
into or like bacon ; smoke, as bacon. 
baconweed (ba'kon-wed), . The pigweed, 
ChenopotHtim album. 
bacony (ba'kon-i), a. [< bacon + -y 1 .] Like 
bacon; lardaceous. 
bacteria (bak-te'ri-a), n. [NL. : see bacterium. ~\ 
1. Plural of bacterium, I. 2. [cap.'} A genus 
of gressorial orthopterous insects, of the family 
Pkasmida; ; the stick-insects or walking-sticks. 
B. sarmentosa is about 10 inches long. See 
Phasmidcc. 
Bacteriaceae (bak-te-ri-a'se-e), n. pi. [NL., < 
Bacterium + -acece.] A group of the simplest 
microscopic fungi, more usually called Schizo- 
mycetes, the achlorophyllous division of the 
Schizosporea; of Cohn, or of the Schizophyta of 
more recent authorities. They exhibit a great va- 
riety of forms, and are subdivided accordingly into (1) 
Sphcembacteria, which are spherical, as in Micrococcu*; 
(2) Microbacteria, which are elliptical or shortly cylindri- 
cal, as in Bacterium, the only genus; (3) Desmobacteria, 
which consist of straight filaments, as in Bacillus; (4) 
Spirobacteria in which the filaments are more or less 
coiled, as in Spirillum. 
bacterial (bak-te'ri-al), a. [< bacterium + -al.~\ 
Pertaining to or resembling bacteria; of the 
nature of or caused by bacteria : as, a bacterial 
parasite in the blood ; bacterial organisms; bac- 
terial infusions. 
The issue of a bacterial affection is either the death of 
the patient, or the death and elimination of the bacteria. 
Ziegler, Pathol. Anat. (trans.), I. 287. 
bacterian (bak-te'ri-an), a. Same as bacterial. 
bactericidal (bak-te v ri-si-dal), a. [< bacteri- 
cide + -(d.] Destructive to bacteria. 
bactericide (bak-te'ri-sid), n. [< NL. bacterium 
+ L. -cida, < ccedere, kill.] A substance that 
has the property of destroying bacteria. 
A bactericide of great activity. 
Therapeutic Gaz., VIII. 561. 
Bacterides (bak-ter'i-dez), n.pl. [NL., prop. 
*Bacterid(S, < Bacterium + -ides, -idee.] A name 
sometimes given indefinitely to a group of mi- 
crobes referable to the genera Bacillus and Bac- 
terium (which see). 
bacteriform (bak-te'ri-form), a. [< NL. bac- 
terium + L. forma, form.] Of the form of 
bacteria ; resembling bacteria. 
bacterioid (bak-te'ri-oid), a. [< bacterium + 
-aid.'] Kesembling or closely allied to bac- 
teria. 
bacteriological (bak-te"ri-o-loj'i-kal), a. Of or 
pertaining to bacteriology. 
bacteriologist (bak-te-ri-ol'o-jist), . [< bac- 
teriology + -ist.~\ One skilled in bacteriology. 
bacteriology (bak-te-ri-ol'o-ji), n. [< NL. bacte- 
rium + Gr. -Aoy/a, < \iytiv, speak: see -ologi/.] 
That department of biology which investigates 
bacteria and other microbes, especially their 
life-history and agency in disease; the scien- 
tific study of bacteria. 
Bacteriology is now a natural science of sufficient im- 
portance and completeness to take its proper place in 
hygiene, etiology, and pathological anatomy. 
Science, VI. 77. 
bacterioscopic (bak-te'ri-o-skop'ik), a. [< bac- 
terioscopy + -ic.] Relating or pertaining to the 
discovery or observation of bacteria. 
bacterioscopy (bak-te-ri-os'ko-pi), n. [< NL. 
bacterium -r Gr. -anoxia, < OKoireiv, view.] Mi- 
croscopic investigation of bacteria. 
bacteriotherapeutic (bak-te"ri-o-ther-a-pu'- 
tik), a. [< bacterium + therapeutic.'] Pertain- 
ing to bacteriotherapy. 
Dr. Ballagi has carefully followed the bacteriotherapeutic 
details advised by Cantani in eight cases of advanced phthi- 
sis with moderate fever. Medical News, XLIX. 41. 
bacteriotherapy (bak-te"ri-o-ther'a-pi), . [< 
NL. bacterium + Gr. Bepaireta, medical treat- 
ment.] In med., the introduction of bacteria 
into the system for the cure of disease. Thus in 
phthisis inhalations containing Bacterium termo have 
been employed, with the idea that the bacterium de- 
416 
stroyed the Bacillus tuberculosis which is characteristic of 
the disease. 
bacteritic (bak-te-rit'ik), a. [< bacterium + -it- 
ic: see -itis.] Characterized or caused by the 
presence of bacteria. 
bacterium (bak-te'ri-um), n. ; pi. bacteria (-a). 
[NL., < Gr. pa.KTi/pun; a little stick, dim. of fiaK- 
T?/pia, a staff, stick, < jldnTpov, a staff, stick, akin 
to L. baculum, a staff: see bacillus.'] 1. One 
of the micro-organisms which are concerned in 
the putrefactive processes, and are known as 
Schizomycetcs, or fission fungi, in distinction 
from Saccharomycetes, or budding fungi, which 
produce alcoholic fermentation. Their true charac- 
ter was long in doubt, but they are now generally regarded 
as the lowest forms of vegetable life, and are known to mul- 
tiply, in some species at least, by the formation of spores 
and even of true sporangia. They consist of exceed- 
ingly minute spherical, oblong, or cylindrical cells, with- 
out ehlorophyl, multiply by transverse division, and may 
be found anywhere. Their origin and the part they take 
in putrefaction, fermentation, and disease have been the 
subject in recent years of much study and discussion. 
Very much remains in doubt, but there is no question of 
the importance of these investigations from a sanitary 
point of view. It also appears to have been demonstrated 
that the bacteria which exist in the soil are active in 
changing otherwise inert substances into matter suitable 
for the food of plants, converting the nitrogenous matter 
of organic origin into soluble nitrates. The genera and 
species have l>een variously denned, and are necessarily 
based on slight characters. The groups and principal 
genera usually recognized are Micrococcug, with spherical 
cells, concerned in certain fermentations and found in 
connection with special contagious diseases ; the rod-bac- 
teria, Bacterium ; the straight filiform bacteria, Bacillus, 
etc. ; and the spiral filiform bacteria, Vibrio, Spirillum, 
etc. Of the genus Micrococcus, M. diphtheriticuit is con- 
sidered to be the special cause of diphtheria, and Af. vac- 
cince of smallpox. Hee BacteriacecK, and cut under bacillus. 
2. [cap.] A genus of microscopic fungi, con- 
sisting of a single short cylindrical or ellipti- 
cal cell, or of two such cells united end to end, 
and capable of spontaneous movement. The 
best-known species, B. termo, is the prime cause of putre- 
faction, occurring early in all infusions of animal and vege- 
table substances and multiplying with great rapidity. 
The individuals of this species are about one ten-thou- 
sandth of an inch in length. 
Bactrian (bak'tri-an), a. and n. K L. Bactri- 
anus (Gr. Baicrpuivdr,), < Bactria, < Gr. Ba/cryx'a 
(also Bdftrpa, < Pers. Bdkhtar), a province so 
called.] I. a. Of or pertaining to Bactria or 
Bactriana, an ancient country of central Asia, 
with its capital, Bactra, on the site of the mod- 
ern Balkh. It became a province of the Persian empire 
under Cyrus, and from about 265 to about 128 a 0. was 
a separate kingdom under a Greek dynasty. Bactrian 
camel. Seecauwl. 
II. n. A native or an inhabitant of Bactria. 
Bactris (bak'tris), n. [NL., < Gr. ftdxTpov, a 
staff: see bacterium.] A genus of slender 
palms, consisting of about 40 species, found 
about rivers and in marshy places in America 
within the tropics. The stems are generally covered 
/unjoin. 
Bactris acanthocarpa, with fruit, and nut deprived of its husk, 
the dots upon the latter showing position of embryos. 
with spines, and the leaves are pinnate, though occasion- 
ally simple or 2-lobed. The fruit is small, with a thin 
fibrous pulp inclosing a hard black nut. The kernel of B. 
major is eaten in Cartagena. The stems of B. minor are 
used for walking-sticks, under the name of Tobago canes. 
baculi, n. Plural of baculus. 
baculine (bak'u-lin), a. [< L. baculum, a rod, 
+ -inel.] Of or pertaining to the rod, or to its 
use in punishment by flogging. 
baculite (bak'u-lit), . and a. [< NL. Baculites, 
q. v.J I. . A fossil cephalopod of the genus 
Baculites; staff-stone. 
bad 
II. a. Pertaining to or containing baculites. 
Also baculitic. Baculite limestone, a name given to 
the ('balk of Normandy, from the abundance of baculites 
which it contains. 
Baculites (bak-u-li'tez), n. [NL., < L. baculum, 
a staff, + -ites: see -ite 2 .] A genus of poly- 
thalamous or many-chambered 
cephalopods, belonging to the 
family Ammonitida 1 . The species 
are known only in a fossil state, having 
become extinct at the close of the Cre- 
taceous period. The shell is straight, 
more or less compressed, conical, and 
very much elongated. The chambers 
are sinuous and pierced by a marginal 
siphon. The external chamber is con- 
siderably larger than the rest. There 
are about 20 species, found from the 
Neocomian to the Chalk formation. 
baculitic (bak-u-lit'ik), a. Same Portionof/ , a , u/ , to 
as haeulttr. 
baculometry (bak-u-lom'e-tri), 
. [< L. baculum, a staff, + Gr. -uerpla, 
a measure.] The measurement of heights or 
distances by means of staves. Phillips. 
baculus (bak'u-lus), n. ; pi. baculi (-15). [L., 
more commonly neut. baculum, a stick, staff, 
scepter, etc.; cf. LL. dim. bacillus (see bacil- 
hm); akin to Gr. /3d/cTpov, a rod, staff: see bac- 
terium.] 1. A divining-rod. 2. A long staff 
or crutch upon which worshipers were formerly 
allowed to lean during long offices, such as the 
psalms. 3. [cap.'] [NL.] A genus of crusta- 
ceans. 
bad 1 (bad), o. and n. [< ME. bad, badde, bad, 
worthless, wicked, prob. a generalized adj. 
use (with loss of -I, as in ME. muchefor niuchel, 
< AS. mycel, much ; ME. li/te for lytel, < AS. 
lytel, little ; ME. wenche for wenchel, < AS. wen- 
eel: see much,mickle, lite, lyte, little, and wench) 
of a noun, "baddel, < AS. bmddel (twice, in gloss- 
es), with equiv. deriv. baxtting (suffix -ing s ), 
an effeminate person, a hermaphrodite, with 
formative -el, < *baid = OHG. "bad, pad, a 
hermaphrodite (Leo). This word appears to 
exist also in some AS. local names, but traces 
elsewhere are slight; cf. AS. *bede, "pede, 
immatura," negative "or-bede, " or-pede, adul- 
tus," in glosses. This etymology, first sug- 
gested by Leo, is uncertain, but it is the only 
one that fairly satisfies the phonetic and his- 
torical conditions; the word can have no con- 
nection, as suggested, with Goth, bauttis, deaf 
and dumb, with G. bo'se, bad, or with Corn. 
bad, IT. Gael, baodh, foolish, etc. The orig. 
word, AS. ba;ddel, ME. 'baddcl, on account of 
its sinister import, is scarcely found in litera- 
ture, but, like other words of similar sense, it 
prob. flourished in vulgar speech as an indefi- 
nite term of abuse, and at length, divested of 
its original meaning, emerged in literary use 
as a mere adj., badde, equiv. to the older evil. 
(Cf. the similar development of the adj. wicked, 
ME. wicked, wikked, earlier wicke, wikke, from 
the noun AS. wicca, in., a witch, wizard, hence 
an evil person : see wicked 1 .) The adj. first ap- 
pears at the end of the 13th century, and does 
not become common till the 15th century. In 
high literary use it is comparatively rare, as 
against evil, till the 18th century. In the Eng- 
lish Bible bad occurs but rarely, and only in the 
familiar antithesis with good. Bad was former- 
ly compared reg. badder, baddest, but has now 
taken from evil the irreg. comparison worse, 
worst.] I. a.; compar. worse, superl. worst 
(formerly badder, baddest). 1. Evil; ill; vi- 
cious ; wicked ; depraved : applied to persons, 
conduct, character, influence, etc. : as, a bad 
man ; bad conduct ; a bad life ; a bad heart ; 
bad influence, etc. 
Wisest men 
Have err'd, and by bad women been deceived. 
Jfiiton, S. A., 1. 211. 
2. Offensive ; disagreeable ; troublesome ; pain- 
ful; grievous: as, bad treatment; a bad tem- 
per ; it is too bad that you had to wait so long. 
The old soldiers of James were generally in a very bad 
temper. Mataulay. 
3. Hurtful; noxious; having an injurious or 
unfavorable tendency or effect: with for: as, 
bad air or bad food ; late hours are bad for the 
health; this step would be bad for your reputa- 
tion or prospects. 
Reading was bad far his eyes ; writing made his head 
ache. Addition. 
4. Ill ; in ill health ; sick ; in unsound condi- 
tion : as, to feel bad ; to be bad with rheuma- 
tism ; a bad hand or leg. [Colloq.] 
I have been, three days ago, bad again with a spitting 
of blood. Sterne, Letters, cvi. 
