banish 
bandire, proclaim, ban, banish, < bannum, ban- 
dum, ban: see ban 1 , n. aud t>.] If. To outlaw; 
put under ban. 
When he had in Lough-leveii been 
Many azimuth :tlni minis a day : 
To the regent the lord wanlen sent, 
That baniiixht earl fur to betray. 
Percy'* nelujites, p. 150. 
For I inn- 1' to the grene wode goo, 
Alone, a bani/xxhrit 111:111. 
Tli:' Xitlltnit'iit Miiiil, in Child's Ballads. 
2. To condemn to exile by political or judicial 
authority ; expel from or relegate to a country 
or a place, either permanently or for a time : 
often with objectives of both person and place : 
as, he was banished the kingdom ; Ovid was 
banished to Tomi. 
'<, 
From this instant, haniuli him our city. 
Shak., Cor., iii. :). 
Six years we banish him. Sluik., Itidi. II., i. 3. 
Thou knuwest what it is to he banished thy native 
country, to he over-ruled, as well as to rule and sit upon 
the throne. R. Banian, Vrrt. to An Apology. 
3. To send or drive away; expel; dismiss: 
with a person or thing as object: as, to banish 
sorrow; to banish an obnoxious person from 
one's presence or thoughts. 
These evils thou repeat'st upon thyself. 
Have baninh'd me from Scotland. 
Shak., Macbeth, iv. 3. 
You have already banished slavery from this common- 
wealth. Suinner, Arg. against Sep. Colored Schools. 
= Svn. Banixh, Exile, Expel, expatriate, put away, are all 
used of removal hy physical or moral compulsion ; they 
all have a tigurative as well as a literal use. To banish is, 
literally, to put out of a community or country hy ban or 
civil interdict, and indicates a complete removal out of 
sight, perhaps to a distance. To exile is simply to cause 
Co leave one's place or country, and is often used reflex- 
ively ; it emphasizes the idea of leaving home, while ban- 
ish emphasizes rather that of being forced by some au- 
thority to leave it : as, the bitterness of exile ; banished 
to Siberia. Expel, literally, to drive out, means prima- 
rily to cast out forcibly and violently, and secondarily 
with disgrace : as, to expel from the chamber, or from col- 
lege ; he was expelled the country. 
Banished from Rome ! what's banished but set free 
From daily contact with the things I loathe? 
Crvly, Catiline. 
The intrigues of Richelieu compelled her [Mary of Me- 
dicisj to exile herself, and live an unhappy fugitive. 
/. D' Israeli, Curios, of Lit., I. 266. 
When the French Revolution of February, 1848, broke 
out, Marx was expelled without circumstance from Brus- 
sels. Roe, Contemp. Socialism, p. 132. 
banisher (ban'ish-er), n. One who banishes. 
To be full quit of those my banishers 
Stand I before thee here. Shak,, Cor., iv. 5. 
banishment (ban'ish-ment), n. [< banish + 
-ment, after F. bannissement.] 1. The act of 
banishing or compelling a citizen to leave his 
country or place of residence by political or 
judicial authority. 
He secured himself by the banishment of his enemies. 
Johnson. 
2. The state of being banished ; enforced ab- 
sence ; expulsion ; exile, in either a legal or a 
general sense : as, banishment from thy presence 
is worse than death. 
Six frozen winters spent, 
Return with welcome home from banishment. 
Shak, Rich. II., i. 3. 
Fields whose thrifty occupants abide 
As in a dear and chosen banishment, 
With every semblance of entire content. 
Wordfimrth, Sonnets, iii. 21. 
3. The act of driving away or dispelling: as, 
the banishment of care from the mind. 
banister, bannister (ban'is-ter), n. Corrupt 
forms of baluster. 
He struggled to ascend the pulpit stairs, holding hard 
on the tanutert. Scott, Woodstock, I. i. 
banister-cross (ban'is-ter-kr6s), n. In her., see 
cross-banister. 
banjert (ban'jer), . See banjo. 
banjo (ban'jo), n. [Negro pron. of banjore, a 
corruption (in another form banjer) of ban- 
dore 1 , q. v.] 1. A musical instrument of the 
guitar class, having a neck with or without 
frets, and a circular body covered in front with 
tightly stretched parchment, like a tambourine. 
It has from five to nine strings, of which the melody- 
string, the highest in pitch, but placed outside of the low- 
est of the others, is played by the thumb. As in the gui- 
tar, the pitch of the strings is fixed by stopping them with 
the left hand, while the right hand produces the tone by 
plucking or striking. It is a favorite instrument iuiinni; 
the negroes of the southern United States, and U much 
used hy other persons. 
2. A banjo-frame (which see). 
banjo-frame (ban'jo-fram), n. A rectangular 
frame of metal, fitted in the stern of a ship, 
for carrying and hoisting or lowering a two- 
bladed screw-propeller. It works in guides in the 
441 
stern-post and rudder-post, and enables tin- M TCW to In- 
lifted out of the water when it is ilesireil to proeeed under 
siiil, iind to be lowered and 
connected to the shaft wln-u 
steaming is resumed. 
banjoist (ban'jo-ist), n. 
[< liiinjit + -jgt.] One 
who plays the banjo. 
bank 1 (baugk), . [< 
Ml-). lunik, liniic, baiiki', 
also bonk, bone, bonkr, 
< AS. "banca (found only 
once, in a gloss, in comp. 
ho-banca, a couch, lit. 
' heel-bench ': see hock 1 ), 
the ME. being perhaps 
from the cognate Icel. 
"liiinki, assimilated bak- 
ki, a bank (of a river, 
of a chasm, of clouds, 
etc.), ridge or eminence, 
= Sw. backe = Dan. 
bakke, a hill, hillock, ris- 
ing ground, eminence ; 
Banjo-frame. 
a, two-bladed screw ; t>, pur- 
chase fur raising screw ; t , 
coupling connecting screw with 
in. lin shaft ; d, rudder ; e, stern- 
post. 
with weak suffix, cognate with AS. benc, etc., 
E. bench, with orig. strong suffix: see bench. 
Some senses of bank 1 are due to the F. bane, a 
bench, etc., from Teut. ; so the distinct bank%, 
ult. a doublet of bench.] 1. A mound, pile, or 
ridge of earth raised above the surrounding 
plain; an artificial embankment, especially for 
military use. 
They cast up a bank against the city. 2 Sam. xx. 15. 
2. Any steep acclivity, as one rising from a 
river, a lake, or the sea, or forming the side of 
a ravine, or the steep side of a hillock on a 
plain. 
Tiber trembled underneath her banks. Shak., J.C.,1 1. 
Moored against the grassy bank of the brimming river, 
the black ships were taking in hides and furs. 
0. W. Cable, Creoles of Louisiana, p. 104. 
3. An elevation or rising ground in the sea or 
the bed of a river, composed of sand or other 
soil, and either partly above water or covered 
everywhere with shoal water; a shoal; a shal- 
low : as, the banks of Newfoundland ; the Dog- 
ger bank in the North Sea. 4f. A bench or 
long seat; also, a stage or platform to speak 
from. See mountebank. 
Per. Who be these, sir? . . . 
Sir P. Fellows, to mount a bank. Did your instructor 
In the dear tongues never discourse to you 
Of the Italian mountebanks? B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1. 
The heads of the couches were towards the walls ; and 
so far as one can gather from the vague descriptions which 
have come down to us, the ends of them towards the fire 
served as a bank to sit upon. 
W. K. Sullivan, Int. to O'Curry's Auc. Irish, p. cccxlix. 
5. A bench in a galley for rowers; hence, the 
number of rowers seated on one bench. A galley 
was double-hanked when there were two tiers or rows of 
benches, one above the other, triple-banked when there 
were three tiers, and so on. In modern phraseology, a boat 
is single-banked when the oars are pulled each by one man, 
the men sitting one upon a seat and alternately on oppo- 
site sides of a boat ; it is double-banked when two men sit 
upon one seat, each man with an oar. An oar is single- 
banked when worked by one man, and double-banked 
when worked by two men. 
Meantime the king with gifts a vessel stores, 
Supplies the banks with twenty chosen oars. Dryden. 
6f. In law, the bench or seat upon which the 
judges sat. See bane. 7. A bench or row 
of keys in an organ or similar instrument. 
8. In carp., a, long piece of timber, especially 
of fir-wood unslit, from 4 to 10 inches square. 
9. In coal-mining : (a) The surface around the 
mouth of a shaft : in this sense nearly synony- 
mous with the Cornish grass, to bank being the 
same as to grass, (b) In England, the whole or 
one end or side of a working-place under ground. 
(e) In Pennsylvania, a coal-working opened by 
water-level drifts. Penn. Geol. Surr. Glossary, 
(d) In England (Cumberland), a large heap or 
stack of coal on the surface. Gresley. 10. 
The support of the moving carriage of a print- 
ing-press. 11. In the fire-chamber of a glass- 
furnace, one of the banked-up parts which sup- 
port the melting-pots. 12. In printing: (a) 
The table used by a hand-pressman for his un- 
E rinted paper and his printed sheets, (b) A 
:ame, with sloping top, on which are placed 
the galleys for use in collecting and proving the 
type set: mainly used in newspaper compos- 
ing-rooms. 13. In thread or yarn manufac- 
ture, a creel in which rows of bobbins are held. 
Bank of clouds, a mass of clouds appearing as if piled 
up in the form of a bank. Bank oil, menhaden-oil. 
Spoil bank, in civil engineering, earth obtained from dis- 
tant points in the line pf a work, or purchased for use 
where a sufficient quantity for the needed fillings is not 
furnished by the cuttings. 
bank 
bank 1 (bnngk), r. [< littiiki, .] I. trans. 1. 
To rai^c- a mound or dike about; inclose, de- 
fend. or toi-tily witli H bank; embank: as, to 
lunik a river. 2. To form into a bank or heap; 
heap or pile: with x\> : as, to bank ;/ the snow. 
3. To lie around or encircle, as a bank; CUM- 
stitute a bank uroutid; form a bank or border 
to; hem in as a bank. 
Kuniili^ *;iii'N tliat t-ntik tin- Mliruhby vales. 
'//,. ./o/i. Summer. 1. mi. 
4f. To pass by the banks or fortifications of. 
Have I not heard tli.-.e Manilers shout out 
"Vive le roy" as I have bank <t their towns? 
Shak., K. John, v. 2. 
To bank a fire, to cover up a tire with ashes, an 
other means, as closing the d;tm]>er and ash-]'it door, to 
make it burn low mid at the .same time to prevent its be- 
coming extinguished. 
Towards the afternoon a nice lin >/. sprang up, and we 
were able to bank tires and sail. 
Lady />V'/x,s.-i/, \ oyage of Sunbeam, I. i. 
To bank out, in < "' nfofn /, to stack, as coal, on the 
surface, in default of means fur removing it. |Kng.) 
II. intrans. If. To border upon. 2. To im- 
pinge upon the banking-pins of a watch: said 
of the escapement. 
bank- (bangk)i n. [Early mod. E. also bmd.r, 
/><iiu/iie, < late ME. bankc, < F. banque, < It. 
i (= F. banche = Pr. Sp. Pg. banca, < ML. 
, f.), a bench, esp. (in It. and thence in 
other languages) a money-changer's bench or 
table, later a bank ; cf. It. Sp. Pg. banco = Pr. 
F. bane, < ML. bancug, m., a bank, bench, < 
MHG. bane, G. bank = E. bank*-, a bench : see 
fianfc 1 .] If. A money-dealer's table, counter, 
or shop. 
Exchangers of Money made the temple to be the market 
and the banke. Jer. Taylor, Great Exemplar, ii. 11. 
These established their banks or tables in the forum, 
like ordinary bankers. 
Arnold, Hist. Rome, II. xxvii. 72. (X. E. D.) 
2f. A sum of money, especially a gum to draw 
upon, as in a loan-bank. 3. In games of 
chance, the amount or pile which the proprie- 
tor of the gaming-table, or the person who 
plays against all the others, has before him; 
the funds of a gaming establishment ; a fund 
in certain games at cards : as, a faro-bank. 4. 
An institution for receiving and lending money. 
The banking institutions of the United States may be 
classed as national aud State banks, savings-banks, pri- 
vate banks or bankers, and loan and trust companies. 
National banks were first authorized by a law of the 
United States enacted in 1863, for a term of twenty years. 
In 1864 another act was adopted (allowing the like term 
of. twenty years), which was thereafter known as the 
National Bank Act. In 1883 they were authorized to 
continue twenty years longer. They receive, lend, and 
transmit money, and issue notes which are used as money, 
and buy, sell, and collect bills of exchange. Their circu- 
lating notes are secured by United States bonds deposited 
with the government, and their operations are subject to 
the inspection and supervision of the Comptroller of the 
Currency. State banks perform the same functions except 
that of issuing notes. The notes of the State banks were 
taxed 10 per cent, by Congress in 1865, in order to cause 
their retirement, which was speedily accomplished. Pri- 
vate banks and bankers cany on the same business as 
State banks. Sometimes one person constitutes a private 
bank, but generally several persons associate together and 
form a partnership. Loan and trust companies are incor- 
porated ; institutions, and receive deposits, usually for a 
fixed period, and loan them on the pledge of stocks, bonds, 
and other securities, while national and State banks lend 
largely on the promises pf the borrowers ; they have also 
a capital which is subscribed and paid by the stockholders. 
Savings-hanks receive money and lend it chiefly on the 
security of real estate. See savings-bank. In Europe 
several great national banks are intimately associated 
with the fiscal departments of the governments of their 
respective countries, as the Bank of England and the Bank 
of France. Banks of issue are such as issue notes that cir- 
culate as currency. In London and for sixty-five miles 
around no bank having more than ten partners, save the 
Bank of England, is allowed to issue its own notes. 
5. The office in which the transactions of a 
banking company are conducted Bank-charter 
Act, an English statute of 1844 (7 and 8 Viet., c. 32) defining 
the powers of the Bank of England in respect to the issue 
of notes and the amount of bullion reserve. Its object 
was to avoid the danger of the over-issue of circulating 
notes, which it accomplished by fixing a limit to the 
amount of bullion held by the bank. It also regulated 
the issue of notes by other banks. Also known as the 
Peel Act, and .Sir Robert 1'eefs Act. Bank discount. 
See discount. Bank men. in U. S. hist., supirters of 
the second United States Bank in its contest with Presi- 
dent Jackson. Two institutions have been chartered by 
Congress under the title Bank of the United States, having 
their seat in Philadelphia, and intimately connected with 
the national finances. The charter of the first, granted 
in 1791, expired in 1811, its renewal having been refused. 
The second lasted from 1816 to 1836 under the national 
charter, and was continued for a time as a State bank. 
The opposition of President Jackson to the renewal of its 
charter, and his removal of the government deposits from 
it in 1833, led to a violent political contest, in which his 
course was ultimately sustained. Bank of issue, a bank 
or banking company duly authorized by law to issue bank- 
notes of its own. Bank post-bill. See &iW.--Daysin 
bane. See dayi.~ National Bank Act, an act of Con- 
9 of 1S64, providing for the organization throughout the 
